PDF
... Figure 3. Whole-mount immunostaining of chick embryo (HH 22) with neurofilament (3A10) antibody. Roman numerical indicate cranial nerves and OV= otic vesicle. Scale bar 250 µm. Mammalian SAN nuclei have been localized in adults of many animal species, based on retrograde labeling with a variety of t ...
... Figure 3. Whole-mount immunostaining of chick embryo (HH 22) with neurofilament (3A10) antibody. Roman numerical indicate cranial nerves and OV= otic vesicle. Scale bar 250 µm. Mammalian SAN nuclei have been localized in adults of many animal species, based on retrograde labeling with a variety of t ...
Escape behavior and neuronal responses to looming stimuli in the
... The simulated looming stimulus used in the present study consisted of a 5·cm black square, which approached over a distance of 70·cm at a constant speed of 20·cm·s–1 (Fig.·1B). Thus, for the crab’s eye the stimulus had an apparent size subtending an angle of 4° at its stationary initial position and ...
... The simulated looming stimulus used in the present study consisted of a 5·cm black square, which approached over a distance of 70·cm at a constant speed of 20·cm·s–1 (Fig.·1B). Thus, for the crab’s eye the stimulus had an apparent size subtending an angle of 4° at its stationary initial position and ...
FROM MOTIVATION TO ACTION - The University of Texas at Dallas
... considerable evidence from stimulation and lesion experiments implicating the hypothalamus and limbic forebrain structures in the initiation of attack, copulatory, drinking, feeding, thermoregulatory and other behavioral responses. The neural processes resulting from electrical stimulation of the hy ...
... considerable evidence from stimulation and lesion experiments implicating the hypothalamus and limbic forebrain structures in the initiation of attack, copulatory, drinking, feeding, thermoregulatory and other behavioral responses. The neural processes resulting from electrical stimulation of the hy ...
Column-Based Model of Electric Field Excitation of Cerebral Cortex
... very robust response in the M1-hand region for finger movement. The group-mean location of the finger-movement response was ⫺45, ⫺20, ⫹45 (x, y, z). Having made this initial determination of the group-mean location, a per-subject analysis was then carried out specifically targeting the M1hand region. P ...
... very robust response in the M1-hand region for finger movement. The group-mean location of the finger-movement response was ⫺45, ⫺20, ⫹45 (x, y, z). Having made this initial determination of the group-mean location, a per-subject analysis was then carried out specifically targeting the M1hand region. P ...
PDF - Oxford Academic
... experimental evidence of the behavioral role that neuromasts play in the life of sharks, but they can orient toward a source that causes water displacements and perhaps use the neuromast system in the coordination of locomotor activity. Ampullae and neuromasts are innervated by different components ...
... experimental evidence of the behavioral role that neuromasts play in the life of sharks, but they can orient toward a source that causes water displacements and perhaps use the neuromast system in the coordination of locomotor activity. Ampullae and neuromasts are innervated by different components ...
Multisensory Integration in the Ventral Intraparietal Area of the
... with the guidelines of European Community on Animal Care. Animals were prepared for chronic recording of eye position and single-neuron activity in VIP. A single surgery was induced with Zoletil 20 (6 mg/kg) and atropine (0.25 mg) and maintained under isoflurane anesthesia (2.5%). A search coil was ...
... with the guidelines of European Community on Animal Care. Animals were prepared for chronic recording of eye position and single-neuron activity in VIP. A single surgery was induced with Zoletil 20 (6 mg/kg) and atropine (0.25 mg) and maintained under isoflurane anesthesia (2.5%). A search coil was ...
Stimulation of GABAergic neurons of the lateral septum and its effect
... The lateral septum is associated with the regulation of innate behavior, motivation, and locomotion. Its complex interconnections with cognitive and affective regions such as the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and medial septum have made it an attractive region for studying how motivation regulates beha ...
... The lateral septum is associated with the regulation of innate behavior, motivation, and locomotion. Its complex interconnections with cognitive and affective regions such as the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and medial septum have made it an attractive region for studying how motivation regulates beha ...
Mapping Retinotopic Structure in Mouse Visual Cortex with Optical
... within the primary visual cortex. We determined the extent of area 17 with a maximum intensity projection of the intrinsic signal across all imaged single-condition maps and aligned the resulting map with both cytochrome oxidase-stained and SMI32-stained (Duffy et al., 1998) sections using the super ...
... within the primary visual cortex. We determined the extent of area 17 with a maximum intensity projection of the intrinsic signal across all imaged single-condition maps and aligned the resulting map with both cytochrome oxidase-stained and SMI32-stained (Duffy et al., 1998) sections using the super ...
A COMMON REFERENCE FRAME FOR MOVEMENT PLANS IN
... Figure 3 | A PRR neuron that encodes reaches to visual targets in an eye-centred reference frame. A monkey faced a panel that contained touch-sensitive buttons. Within each button was a red and a green light-emitting diode (LED). Red lights indicated where the monkey should look; green lights indica ...
... Figure 3 | A PRR neuron that encodes reaches to visual targets in an eye-centred reference frame. A monkey faced a panel that contained touch-sensitive buttons. Within each button was a red and a green light-emitting diode (LED). Red lights indicated where the monkey should look; green lights indica ...
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of
... Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive technique used to stimulate the human brain in vivo using very strong, pulsed magnetic fields. The technique involves the delivery of a magnetic pulse to the cortex of a subject through a hand-held stimulating coil applied directl ...
... Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive technique used to stimulate the human brain in vivo using very strong, pulsed magnetic fields. The technique involves the delivery of a magnetic pulse to the cortex of a subject through a hand-held stimulating coil applied directl ...
high-speed in vivo calcium imaging reveals neuronal network
... high-speed calcium imaging will facilitate optical studies of information processing in brain microcircuits. ...
... high-speed calcium imaging will facilitate optical studies of information processing in brain microcircuits. ...
View/Open
... of visual objects in the space around the body. This pathway also analyzes the gross physical form of the visual scene, as well as motion in the scene. In other words, this pathway tells where every object is during each instant and whether it is moving. After leaving the primary visual cortex, the ...
... of visual objects in the space around the body. This pathway also analyzes the gross physical form of the visual scene, as well as motion in the scene. In other words, this pathway tells where every object is during each instant and whether it is moving. After leaving the primary visual cortex, the ...
Computing Action Potentials by Phase Interference in
... advanced invertebrates such as cephalopod molluscs [16] and decapod crustacea [15]. Thought processes in the vertebrates are known to occur very quickly. Simple shape recognition and learning has been timed to be less than 200ms removing motor input and output ...
... advanced invertebrates such as cephalopod molluscs [16] and decapod crustacea [15]. Thought processes in the vertebrates are known to occur very quickly. Simple shape recognition and learning has been timed to be less than 200ms removing motor input and output ...
Physiology and mathematical modeling of the auditory system
... possible to identify areas in which cells preferentially respond to sounds of certain frequencies (tones) and the preferred frequencies vary more-or-less continuously with position of the cell. Notice also that both pathways starting at the cochlear nuclei are bilateral. The consequence of this is ...
... possible to identify areas in which cells preferentially respond to sounds of certain frequencies (tones) and the preferred frequencies vary more-or-less continuously with position of the cell. Notice also that both pathways starting at the cochlear nuclei are bilateral. The consequence of this is ...
The continuous performance test: a window on
... necessary for sustained attention. Based on clinical evidence, Luria suggested that both attentional activation and inhibition were mediated by the limbic system and frontal lobes. Clinical studies, for example, found that patients with damage to the limbic system were more likely to tire easily, be ...
... necessary for sustained attention. Based on clinical evidence, Luria suggested that both attentional activation and inhibition were mediated by the limbic system and frontal lobes. Clinical studies, for example, found that patients with damage to the limbic system were more likely to tire easily, be ...
neurology_lec11_24_4_2011
... Check the slides along with the sheet. -transition between any section and the subsequent one is gradual, but Rather new structures start to appear and others disappear gradually. -There is no typical section that shows all the structures together; that Doesn’t mean that they are not present togethe ...
... Check the slides along with the sheet. -transition between any section and the subsequent one is gradual, but Rather new structures start to appear and others disappear gradually. -There is no typical section that shows all the structures together; that Doesn’t mean that they are not present togethe ...
AP150 PATHWAYS ASSIGNMENT
... An action potential begins on a ____________________________ neurons that leaves the __________________ lobe of the brain and passes through the _________________ of the midbrain and then the ___________________ of the medulla oblongata where it then decussates and travels down a ___________________ ...
... An action potential begins on a ____________________________ neurons that leaves the __________________ lobe of the brain and passes through the _________________ of the midbrain and then the ___________________ of the medulla oblongata where it then decussates and travels down a ___________________ ...
plexus injury after spinal cord implantation of avulsed ventral roots
... In nine cynomogulus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) a cervical hemilaminectomy was performed under general anaesthesia (Ketalar 0,1 g/kg im) deep enough to abolish the comeal reflex. The dura was opened to expose the left lower cervical roots. Ventral roots were avulsed from their attachment with the ...
... In nine cynomogulus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) a cervical hemilaminectomy was performed under general anaesthesia (Ketalar 0,1 g/kg im) deep enough to abolish the comeal reflex. The dura was opened to expose the left lower cervical roots. Ventral roots were avulsed from their attachment with the ...
Life: The Science of Biology, 8e
... Nervous System - Can higher functions be understood in cellular terms? Patterns of electrical activity in the cerebral cortex characterize stages of sleep ...
... Nervous System - Can higher functions be understood in cellular terms? Patterns of electrical activity in the cerebral cortex characterize stages of sleep ...
Flow-metabolism coupling in human visual, motor, and
... CMRO2ⴚCBF coupling ratios in the three regions (PVC: 0.34 ⴞ 0.03; PMC: 0.24 ⴞ 0.03; and SMA: 0.40 ⴞ 0.02). Part of this difference emerges from the calculated values of the hypercapnic calibration constant M in each region (MPVC ⴝ 6.6 ⴞ 3.4, MPMC ⴝ 4.3 ⴞ 3.5, and MSMA ⴝ 7.2 ⴞ 4.1), while a relativel ...
... CMRO2ⴚCBF coupling ratios in the three regions (PVC: 0.34 ⴞ 0.03; PMC: 0.24 ⴞ 0.03; and SMA: 0.40 ⴞ 0.02). Part of this difference emerges from the calculated values of the hypercapnic calibration constant M in each region (MPVC ⴝ 6.6 ⴞ 3.4, MPMC ⴝ 4.3 ⴞ 3.5, and MSMA ⴝ 7.2 ⴞ 4.1), while a relativel ...
Glial cells modulate the synaptic transmission of NTS neurons
... bipolar microelectrode (Frederick Haer & Co., Bowdoin, ME) connected to an isolated stimulator (DS2A; Digitimer, Letchworth Garden City, U.K.). The intensity used for TS stimulation (0.1 msec duration, 0.07 Hz) was that required to produce maximal eEPSC amplitude. The peak amplitude of TS-eEPSC was ...
... bipolar microelectrode (Frederick Haer & Co., Bowdoin, ME) connected to an isolated stimulator (DS2A; Digitimer, Letchworth Garden City, U.K.). The intensity used for TS stimulation (0.1 msec duration, 0.07 Hz) was that required to produce maximal eEPSC amplitude. The peak amplitude of TS-eEPSC was ...
Topographic maps in human frontal and parietal cortex
... PHC2 [15] all exhibit similar variability in surface area. Given this variability, fMRI studies that employ spatial normalization of each subject’s brain to a standardized template followed by group averaging will necessarily generate activations that contain signals representing contributions from ...
... PHC2 [15] all exhibit similar variability in surface area. Given this variability, fMRI studies that employ spatial normalization of each subject’s brain to a standardized template followed by group averaging will necessarily generate activations that contain signals representing contributions from ...
mechanisms of visual attention in the human cortex
... firing rate and a single poor stimulus elicited a low firing rate, the response to the paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at the same time within a neuron’s RF are not processed independently, but rather ...
... firing rate and a single poor stimulus elicited a low firing rate, the response to the paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at the same time within a neuron’s RF are not processed independently, but rather ...