construction of a model demonstrating neural pathways and reflex arcs
... of the CNS extending downward from the hindbrain. The spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae (backbone) asit passesdown the vertebral canal. The spinal cord terminates between the first two lumbar vertebrae in most adults. Neurons in the spinal cord are also functionally arranged so that areas de ...
... of the CNS extending downward from the hindbrain. The spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae (backbone) asit passesdown the vertebral canal. The spinal cord terminates between the first two lumbar vertebrae in most adults. Neurons in the spinal cord are also functionally arranged so that areas de ...
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... Both stimulus features and attention inXuence the synchronization of action potentials generated by diVerent cortical neurons. For example, neurons in primary auditory cortex (A1) increase their synchronization during long continuous tones (deCharms and Merzenich, 1996). In visual cortex, neurons wi ...
... Both stimulus features and attention inXuence the synchronization of action potentials generated by diVerent cortical neurons. For example, neurons in primary auditory cortex (A1) increase their synchronization during long continuous tones (deCharms and Merzenich, 1996). In visual cortex, neurons wi ...
Mental Imagery in Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review
... to WHO fact sheet 2013, every year, around the world, between 2,50,000 and 5,00,000 people sustain SCI [1]. SCI, which involves damage to the central nervous system (CNS), is followed by structural and functional reorganization, which often leads to recovery of sensory- motor functions. This concept ...
... to WHO fact sheet 2013, every year, around the world, between 2,50,000 and 5,00,000 people sustain SCI [1]. SCI, which involves damage to the central nervous system (CNS), is followed by structural and functional reorganization, which often leads to recovery of sensory- motor functions. This concept ...
Cross modality matching of brightness and loudness
... Cross modality matching is a magnitude matching procedure, developed to study the relationships between sensory modalities. Auditory and visual sensory integration can be examined through cross modality matching of brightness and loudness. Brightness and loudness are natural correlates of one anothe ...
... Cross modality matching is a magnitude matching procedure, developed to study the relationships between sensory modalities. Auditory and visual sensory integration can be examined through cross modality matching of brightness and loudness. Brightness and loudness are natural correlates of one anothe ...
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... counter. Action potentials were isolated from background noise with an on-line window discriminator (BAK DIS-1). The number of discriminated spikes and times of arrival that occurred within a 200-ms epoch after tone burst onsets were recorded digitally. In responsive electrode tracks, only one site ...
... counter. Action potentials were isolated from background noise with an on-line window discriminator (BAK DIS-1). The number of discriminated spikes and times of arrival that occurred within a 200-ms epoch after tone burst onsets were recorded digitally. In responsive electrode tracks, only one site ...
Chapter 5 - Rooprai Spinal Trust
... Within the United States there are approximately 225,000 to 300,000 persons with a spinal cord injury (SCI), with approximately 12,000 individuals suffering a new SCI each year.[8,16] The majority are young, healthy, and active people in their most productive years. Just greater than 50% of all SCIs ...
... Within the United States there are approximately 225,000 to 300,000 persons with a spinal cord injury (SCI), with approximately 12,000 individuals suffering a new SCI each year.[8,16] The majority are young, healthy, and active people in their most productive years. Just greater than 50% of all SCIs ...
Synaptic Integration in Rat Frontal Cortex Shaped by Network Activity
... constants of excitatory synaptic currents in cortical neurons being in the range of milliseconds (Hestrin 1993), we considered a delay of 200 s between 2 consecutive stimuli as equivalent to “synchronous.” Detection of transitions between the two states was also used in the experiment shown in Fig. ...
... constants of excitatory synaptic currents in cortical neurons being in the range of milliseconds (Hestrin 1993), we considered a delay of 200 s between 2 consecutive stimuli as equivalent to “synchronous.” Detection of transitions between the two states was also used in the experiment shown in Fig. ...
Chapter 15: Special Senses
... capsule and innervated by gamma motor neurons • Stretching of the muscle stretches the muscle spindles sending sensory information back to the CNS • Spindle sensory fiber monitor changes in muscle length ...
... capsule and innervated by gamma motor neurons • Stretching of the muscle stretches the muscle spindles sending sensory information back to the CNS • Spindle sensory fiber monitor changes in muscle length ...
Same Spinal Interneurons Mediate Reflex Actions of Group Ib and
... II reflex pathways play an important role in shaping patterned movements (for review see Pearson 2004). With respect to Ib interneurons, no crossed actions, whether descending or reflex, have so far been reported and it was not known whether they might contribute to centrally initiated movements med ...
... II reflex pathways play an important role in shaping patterned movements (for review see Pearson 2004). With respect to Ib interneurons, no crossed actions, whether descending or reflex, have so far been reported and it was not known whether they might contribute to centrally initiated movements med ...
Mechanical Response Properties of A and C Primary Afferent
... neuron. The smallest probe was used unless the neuron’s baseline threshold was so low that responses were evoked even at the stimulator’s minimum setting of 2 mN. In this case, to deliver subthreshold stimuli, one of the larger probes was used (resulting in lower stimulus pressures). Stimulus intens ...
... neuron. The smallest probe was used unless the neuron’s baseline threshold was so low that responses were evoked even at the stimulator’s minimum setting of 2 mN. In this case, to deliver subthreshold stimuli, one of the larger probes was used (resulting in lower stimulus pressures). Stimulus intens ...
LAB: Nerve Reflexes
... Nerve impulses follow routes through the nervous system called nerve pathways. Some of the simplest nerve pathways consist of little more than two neurons that communicate across a single synapse. A reflex is a relatively simple motor response that does not involve a large number of interneurons (or ...
... Nerve impulses follow routes through the nervous system called nerve pathways. Some of the simplest nerve pathways consist of little more than two neurons that communicate across a single synapse. A reflex is a relatively simple motor response that does not involve a large number of interneurons (or ...
ICDVRAT2006_S09_N01_Miranda
... The EEG is measured as the voltage difference between two or more electrodes on the surface of the scalp one of which is taken as a reference. The EEG expresses the overall activity of millions of neurons in the brain in terms of charge movement, but the electrodes can detect this only in the most s ...
... The EEG is measured as the voltage difference between two or more electrodes on the surface of the scalp one of which is taken as a reference. The EEG expresses the overall activity of millions of neurons in the brain in terms of charge movement, but the electrodes can detect this only in the most s ...
Motor Cortex Stimulation for Refractory Benign Pain
... had greater than 40% pain relief, 5 of whom had greater than 70% relief. Patients with trigeminal pain continued to have a tendency for better outcomes. Nine of 12 patients had greater than 40% relief, 8 of whom had greater than70% relief. The authors attribute the comparatively better outcomes in c ...
... had greater than 40% pain relief, 5 of whom had greater than 70% relief. Patients with trigeminal pain continued to have a tendency for better outcomes. Nine of 12 patients had greater than 40% relief, 8 of whom had greater than70% relief. The authors attribute the comparatively better outcomes in c ...
Ulanovsky et al., 2003
... trials did not alter the effects on forward suppression. Overall, we conclude that cortical inhibition does regulate forward suppression, and that Sst+ interneurons control the strength of forward suppression, potentially influencing the detectability of later stimuli, whereas Pvalb+ interneurons re ...
... trials did not alter the effects on forward suppression. Overall, we conclude that cortical inhibition does regulate forward suppression, and that Sst+ interneurons control the strength of forward suppression, potentially influencing the detectability of later stimuli, whereas Pvalb+ interneurons re ...
innervation of the ventral diaphragm of the locust
... Diaphragm preparations to which the abdominal nerve cord and metathoracic ganglion together with all dorsal nerves was still attached showed rhythmic spontaneous electrical activity of the muscle fibres (Fig. 6 a). Even in preparations to which only one abdominal ganglion was left attached, there wa ...
... Diaphragm preparations to which the abdominal nerve cord and metathoracic ganglion together with all dorsal nerves was still attached showed rhythmic spontaneous electrical activity of the muscle fibres (Fig. 6 a). Even in preparations to which only one abdominal ganglion was left attached, there wa ...
Linking Topography to Tonotopy in the Mouse Auditory
... the greatest number of spikes across all sound levels, and characteristic frequency, the frequency to which the neuron was responsive at threshold. BF values were distributed across a broader range of frequencies, produced more orderly maps, and were completely objective in their definition. BF was ...
... the greatest number of spikes across all sound levels, and characteristic frequency, the frequency to which the neuron was responsive at threshold. BF values were distributed across a broader range of frequencies, produced more orderly maps, and were completely objective in their definition. BF was ...
PII: S0006-8993(97) - UCSD Cognitive Science
... In adult monkeys with dorsal rhizotomies extending from the second cervical ŽC 2 . to the fifth thoracic ŽT5 . vertebrae, cortex deprived of its normal inputs regained responsiveness to inputs conveyed by intact peripheral afferents from the face wT.P. Pons, P.E. Garraghty, A.K. Ommaya, J.H. Kaas, E ...
... In adult monkeys with dorsal rhizotomies extending from the second cervical ŽC 2 . to the fifth thoracic ŽT5 . vertebrae, cortex deprived of its normal inputs regained responsiveness to inputs conveyed by intact peripheral afferents from the face wT.P. Pons, P.E. Garraghty, A.K. Ommaya, J.H. Kaas, E ...
THE AUDITORY SYSTEM OF HOMOROCORYPHUS
... The directional information contained in the tympanic nerve response is enhance! in the central nervous system by the inhibitory effects of the ipsilateral tympanic nerve on the contralateral T fibre. This was also observed in Gampsocleis buergeri by Suga & Katsuki (1961). There is also a weak excit ...
... The directional information contained in the tympanic nerve response is enhance! in the central nervous system by the inhibitory effects of the ipsilateral tympanic nerve on the contralateral T fibre. This was also observed in Gampsocleis buergeri by Suga & Katsuki (1961). There is also a weak excit ...
Hasson-JNeurosci2008.. - Center for Neural Science
... In the time-reversal experiment, correlation coefficients were calculated between the responses to the following conditions: the first and second presentations of the original, forward movie (CF1:F2); the first and second presentations of the backward movie (CB1:B2); response to the forward movie an ...
... In the time-reversal experiment, correlation coefficients were calculated between the responses to the following conditions: the first and second presentations of the original, forward movie (CF1:F2); the first and second presentations of the backward movie (CB1:B2); response to the forward movie an ...
Predictions, perception, and a sense of self
... is a large amount of circumstantial evidence.8 This evidence suggests that superficial pyramidal cells in the upper layers of cortex (green triangles) compare expectations at each hierarchical level (or sensory input at the lowest level) with top-down predictions from deep pyramidal cells (black tri ...
... is a large amount of circumstantial evidence.8 This evidence suggests that superficial pyramidal cells in the upper layers of cortex (green triangles) compare expectations at each hierarchical level (or sensory input at the lowest level) with top-down predictions from deep pyramidal cells (black tri ...
Heterogeneity of the Population of Command Neurons in the Lamprey
... system and the small effect on motor output exerted by individual neurons (Drew et al., 1986). This difficulty was overcome in the present study, first, by using the simpler vertebrate animal model (lamprey) with an RS system consisting of a relatively small number of neurons, and second, by using t ...
... system and the small effect on motor output exerted by individual neurons (Drew et al., 1986). This difficulty was overcome in the present study, first, by using the simpler vertebrate animal model (lamprey) with an RS system consisting of a relatively small number of neurons, and second, by using t ...
Action Potential Backpropagation and Somato
... EPSP of a train increased in amplitude (Fig. 1 D). This form of input depolarized neurons to such an extent that action potentials were inactivated and replaced by the generation of slower regenerative events (Fig. 1 D, bottom inset) (Turner and Salt, 1998). Despite this powerful form of distal dend ...
... EPSP of a train increased in amplitude (Fig. 1 D). This form of input depolarized neurons to such an extent that action potentials were inactivated and replaced by the generation of slower regenerative events (Fig. 1 D, bottom inset) (Turner and Salt, 1998). Despite this powerful form of distal dend ...
Randy Kobes Poster Contest Workshop
... Common early signs of MS include episodes of double vision and degradation of vision. I expect to be able to follow the gradual demyelination caused by the cuprizone and the remyelination once the diet is ceased through VEP peak latency increase and decrease. ...
... Common early signs of MS include episodes of double vision and degradation of vision. I expect to be able to follow the gradual demyelination caused by the cuprizone and the remyelination once the diet is ceased through VEP peak latency increase and decrease. ...
Visuomotor development
... signals to motor commands can be described as matrix multiplication. And this represents the standard technique for solving the geometrical problem of going from one coordinate system to another (Pellionisz and Llinas, 1980). The transformation of one class of coordinates to another is a nonlinear m ...
... signals to motor commands can be described as matrix multiplication. And this represents the standard technique for solving the geometrical problem of going from one coordinate system to another (Pellionisz and Llinas, 1980). The transformation of one class of coordinates to another is a nonlinear m ...
Effects of activity-dependent strategies on regeneration and
... (Goldspink and Yang, 2001; McKoy et al., 1999). Muscle fibers are also capable of adjusting their phenotypic properties in response to muscle or nerve electrical stimulation (Marqueste et al., 2006; Pette and Vrbova, 1992), static stretching (Sakakima and Yoshida, 2003) and also to exercise (Booth an ...
... (Goldspink and Yang, 2001; McKoy et al., 1999). Muscle fibers are also capable of adjusting their phenotypic properties in response to muscle or nerve electrical stimulation (Marqueste et al., 2006; Pette and Vrbova, 1992), static stretching (Sakakima and Yoshida, 2003) and also to exercise (Booth an ...