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... a. it is not being stimulated. b. the gates that control the passage of potassium ions are closed. c. there is a greater concentration of positively charged sodium ions inside the cell body than outside of it. d. it has a slightly positive charge. e. it lacks potential energy. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Neu ...
... a. it is not being stimulated. b. the gates that control the passage of potassium ions are closed. c. there is a greater concentration of positively charged sodium ions inside the cell body than outside of it. d. it has a slightly positive charge. e. it lacks potential energy. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Neu ...
ACTION POTENTIAL THRESHOLD OF HIPPOCAMPAL
... Fig. 3. The rate of membrane potential change is negatively correlated with action potential (AP) threshold. (A) Plot of the slope of action potential threshold versus the membrane potential change over the 10 ms preceding each action potential for a single cell. The line is the best-¢t line. Inset: ...
... Fig. 3. The rate of membrane potential change is negatively correlated with action potential (AP) threshold. (A) Plot of the slope of action potential threshold versus the membrane potential change over the 10 ms preceding each action potential for a single cell. The line is the best-¢t line. Inset: ...
New Roles for the External Globus Pallidus in Basal Ganglia Circuits
... School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, and 8BrainLinks-BrainTools, Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79085, Germany ...
... School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, and 8BrainLinks-BrainTools, Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79085, Germany ...
How different are the visual representations used for object
... level whilst relative size change performance is still not fully consolidate [12]. Figure 3 shows mean and standard errors of the recognition accuracy, with results combined across animals and artefacts as the stimulus type (animal/artefact) did not significantly affect recognition accuracy or laten ...
... level whilst relative size change performance is still not fully consolidate [12]. Figure 3 shows mean and standard errors of the recognition accuracy, with results combined across animals and artefacts as the stimulus type (animal/artefact) did not significantly affect recognition accuracy or laten ...
Artificial Neural Network Channel Estimation for OFDM
... intelligence. The brain architecture has been extensively studied and attempts have been made to simulate it. ‘Artificial Neural Networks’ (ANN) represent an area of artificial intelligence (AI). They are basically an attempt to simulate the brain. An artificial neuron model consists of a linear com ...
... intelligence. The brain architecture has been extensively studied and attempts have been made to simulate it. ‘Artificial Neural Networks’ (ANN) represent an area of artificial intelligence (AI). They are basically an attempt to simulate the brain. An artificial neuron model consists of a linear com ...
Do neurons have a reserve of sodium channels for the generation of
... the fraction of sodium channels reduces the maximal frequency of action potentials that can be generated by the neuron. ...
... the fraction of sodium channels reduces the maximal frequency of action potentials that can be generated by the neuron. ...
Lecture Chapter 2
... next through the terminal buttons of the axons, the most common arrangement is for a neuron’s terminal buttons to be near, but not touching, the receptive dendrites of neighboring neurons. The membrane on the side that sends the message is the presynaptic membrane, while the membrane on the receiv ...
... next through the terminal buttons of the axons, the most common arrangement is for a neuron’s terminal buttons to be near, but not touching, the receptive dendrites of neighboring neurons. The membrane on the side that sends the message is the presynaptic membrane, while the membrane on the receiv ...
Cerebrum - CM
... • Association areas integrate different types of information: • Unimodal areas integrate one specific type of information • Multimodal areas integrate information from multiple different sources and carry out many higher mental functions ...
... • Association areas integrate different types of information: • Unimodal areas integrate one specific type of information • Multimodal areas integrate information from multiple different sources and carry out many higher mental functions ...
5. Third year activities - LIRA-Lab
... The project MIRROR (IST–2000-28159) had two interrelated goals. We aimed at advancing the understanding of the mechanisms used by the brain to learn and represent gestures and, inter-alia, at building an artificial system that learns to communicate by means of body gestures. We adopted a three-prong ...
... The project MIRROR (IST–2000-28159) had two interrelated goals. We aimed at advancing the understanding of the mechanisms used by the brain to learn and represent gestures and, inter-alia, at building an artificial system that learns to communicate by means of body gestures. We adopted a three-prong ...
Structure and function of ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) brains
... therefore expect to find ant brains equipped with structures and mechanisms that allow advanced learning and memory to take place. Among Hymenoptera, brain research has mainly focused on honey bees (Apis mellifera), which have become a model system for insect behavioral brain research. The bee brain ...
... therefore expect to find ant brains equipped with structures and mechanisms that allow advanced learning and memory to take place. Among Hymenoptera, brain research has mainly focused on honey bees (Apis mellifera), which have become a model system for insect behavioral brain research. The bee brain ...
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour
... this action was guided by observation of the same action performed by another. This pattern of activity has been observed in the posterior inferior frontal gyrus in studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (Iacoboni et al., 1999) and magnetoencephalography (Nishitani and Hari, 2000 ...
... this action was guided by observation of the same action performed by another. This pattern of activity has been observed in the posterior inferior frontal gyrus in studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (Iacoboni et al., 1999) and magnetoencephalography (Nishitani and Hari, 2000 ...
Institutionen för medicinsk teknik - IMT Master's Program Biomedical Engineering
... fMRI data, namely the lack of time resolution (despite having a very good spatial response). This method also allows for mapping the brain during sleep stages. Thus the scored EEG data can be used to epoch fMRI resting state data. Resting state fMRI data, obtained when the brain is not engaged in a ...
... fMRI data, namely the lack of time resolution (despite having a very good spatial response). This method also allows for mapping the brain during sleep stages. Thus the scored EEG data can be used to epoch fMRI resting state data. Resting state fMRI data, obtained when the brain is not engaged in a ...
The neurophysiological correlates of motor tics following focal
... The wide band recorded extracellular data was split into high(neuronal spiking activity) and low-frequency activity (LFP) components using high- and low-pass filters, respectively. The action potentials of individual neurons were sorted offline (OfflineSorter V2.8.7, Plexon, Plano, TX, USA). Offline ...
... The wide band recorded extracellular data was split into high(neuronal spiking activity) and low-frequency activity (LFP) components using high- and low-pass filters, respectively. The action potentials of individual neurons were sorted offline (OfflineSorter V2.8.7, Plexon, Plano, TX, USA). Offline ...
From spike frequency to free recall:
... anatomical data, without any distortion by verbal description. Linking these levels requires computational models which are constructed at a neural level within the constraints of physiological and anatomical data. Ultimately, linking these levels will require not only that the models of information ...
... anatomical data, without any distortion by verbal description. Linking these levels requires computational models which are constructed at a neural level within the constraints of physiological and anatomical data. Ultimately, linking these levels will require not only that the models of information ...
Three-dimensional organization of dendrites and local axon
... accumbens (Acb), which is the major component of the ventral striatum, can be divided into a peripheral ‘shell’ and a central ‘core’ subregion. Within these subregions different smaller compartments exist (Zaborszky et al. 1985; Voorn et al. 1989; Zahm and Brog 1992; JongenRêlo et al. 1993, 1994). ...
... accumbens (Acb), which is the major component of the ventral striatum, can be divided into a peripheral ‘shell’ and a central ‘core’ subregion. Within these subregions different smaller compartments exist (Zaborszky et al. 1985; Voorn et al. 1989; Zahm and Brog 1992; JongenRêlo et al. 1993, 1994). ...
Brain Evolution Relevant to Language
... Visual information processing has been particularly well studied. It proceeds along two major pathways, often referred to as the dorsal and ventral streams (Bear et al. 2007). The dorsal stream moves from the primary visual cortex in the posterior occipital lobe (in the most posterior part of the br ...
... Visual information processing has been particularly well studied. It proceeds along two major pathways, often referred to as the dorsal and ventral streams (Bear et al. 2007). The dorsal stream moves from the primary visual cortex in the posterior occipital lobe (in the most posterior part of the br ...
Full text
... positively correlated with GnRH and LH release in the follicular but not in the luteal phase of the cycle. Moreover, it was demonstrated that NPY did not modulate the frequency or amplitude of LH pulses at the level of GnRH cell bodies, so their action on the pulsatile LH secretion could be attribut ...
... positively correlated with GnRH and LH release in the follicular but not in the luteal phase of the cycle. Moreover, it was demonstrated that NPY did not modulate the frequency or amplitude of LH pulses at the level of GnRH cell bodies, so their action on the pulsatile LH secretion could be attribut ...
Second-Generation Antipsychotics
... The second-generation antipsychotics, also commonly known as atypical antipsychotics, are among the most significant medicines developed in the past decade for the treatment of severe mental disorders such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and mania. These agents are atypical because they ...
... The second-generation antipsychotics, also commonly known as atypical antipsychotics, are among the most significant medicines developed in the past decade for the treatment of severe mental disorders such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and mania. These agents are atypical because they ...
Evolution of Vertebrate Brains - CIHR Group in Sensory
... (jawless vertebrates) and three radiations of jawed vertebrates: (1) the cartilaginous fishes (chimaeras and sharks, skates, and rays), (2) the ray-finned fishes (bony fishes), and (3) the sarcopterygian (fleshyfinned fish) radiation, which includes tetrapods (amphibians, mammals, reptiles, and bird ...
... (jawless vertebrates) and three radiations of jawed vertebrates: (1) the cartilaginous fishes (chimaeras and sharks, skates, and rays), (2) the ray-finned fishes (bony fishes), and (3) the sarcopterygian (fleshyfinned fish) radiation, which includes tetrapods (amphibians, mammals, reptiles, and bird ...
Neural Substrates Related to Motor Memory with Multiple
... recent behavioral and computational modeling studies have shed light on the temporal structure of motor adaptation by showing that motor behavior is well accounted for by the sum of multiple motor memory states with different timescales. For instance, models with two time constants can reproduce a n ...
... recent behavioral and computational modeling studies have shed light on the temporal structure of motor adaptation by showing that motor behavior is well accounted for by the sum of multiple motor memory states with different timescales. For instance, models with two time constants can reproduce a n ...
Production and Survival of Projection Neurons in a Forebrain Vocal
... grains under bright-field illumination and of fluorogold and cresyl violet using fluorescent light (Nikon filter sets UV- 1A and G- 1A for fluorogold and fluorescent cresyl violet counterstain, respectively). Data were collected with a computer-yoked microscope that has been described in detail else ...
... grains under bright-field illumination and of fluorogold and cresyl violet using fluorescent light (Nikon filter sets UV- 1A and G- 1A for fluorogold and fluorescent cresyl violet counterstain, respectively). Data were collected with a computer-yoked microscope that has been described in detail else ...
Full version (PDF file)
... respectively (bottom), indicating a slowly depolarizing ramp. The resting potential of this neuron was −78 mV. (B) Electrotonic membrane potentials induced by a series of hyperpolarization current steps, in which the most negative one was −1.2 nA with decrements of current pulses of 0.1 nA, showing ...
... respectively (bottom), indicating a slowly depolarizing ramp. The resting potential of this neuron was −78 mV. (B) Electrotonic membrane potentials induced by a series of hyperpolarization current steps, in which the most negative one was −1.2 nA with decrements of current pulses of 0.1 nA, showing ...
Comparison of nerve cord development
... mitotically active neural progenitor cells. Musashi homologs that encode RNA-binding proteins might play a role in maintaining the stem-cell state in Drosophila (Nakamura et al., 1994; Okabe and Okano, 1996) and mouse (Sakakibara et al., 1996; Sakakibara and Okano, 1997). Neural regionalization gene ...
... mitotically active neural progenitor cells. Musashi homologs that encode RNA-binding proteins might play a role in maintaining the stem-cell state in Drosophila (Nakamura et al., 1994; Okabe and Okano, 1996) and mouse (Sakakibara et al., 1996; Sakakibara and Okano, 1997). Neural regionalization gene ...
Copyrighted Material
... the selectivity of certain toxicants in injuring only certain cell types; and important differences in basic metabolic requirements of different subpopulations of neurons have been inferred from the effects of toxicants. It is estimated that millions of people worldwide are exposed to known neurotox ...
... the selectivity of certain toxicants in injuring only certain cell types; and important differences in basic metabolic requirements of different subpopulations of neurons have been inferred from the effects of toxicants. It is estimated that millions of people worldwide are exposed to known neurotox ...
