Grid Cell Mechanisms and Function: Contributions of Michael E. Hasselmo*
... The model of grid cell firing based on persistent firing neurons requires separate populations of neurons showing persistent firing at the same stable baseline frequency that remains constant in the absence of input. Figure 1A shows an example of 20 s of stable persistent firing in a Layer V pyramid ...
... The model of grid cell firing based on persistent firing neurons requires separate populations of neurons showing persistent firing at the same stable baseline frequency that remains constant in the absence of input. Figure 1A shows an example of 20 s of stable persistent firing in a Layer V pyramid ...
Basal ganglia discharge abnormalities in Parkinson`s disease
... cortical activities such as event-related modulation of beta-band oscillations, or functions such as motor planning or sequence learning. In support of this concept, 10-Hz stimulation of the STN area has been shown to exacerbate akinesia (Timmermann et al., 2004). It has been speculated that DBS may ...
... cortical activities such as event-related modulation of beta-band oscillations, or functions such as motor planning or sequence learning. In support of this concept, 10-Hz stimulation of the STN area has been shown to exacerbate akinesia (Timmermann et al., 2004). It has been speculated that DBS may ...
Pyrokinin/PBAN-like peptides in the central nervous system of
... Central nervous system dissections Adult mosquitoes were immobilized by placing at -20°C for 5 minutes and then were placed on a dissecting tray and legs and wings removed with scissors. The mosquito was then pinned through the abdomen with the right side down. A lateral cut was made in the anterior ...
... Central nervous system dissections Adult mosquitoes were immobilized by placing at -20°C for 5 minutes and then were placed on a dissecting tray and legs and wings removed with scissors. The mosquito was then pinned through the abdomen with the right side down. A lateral cut was made in the anterior ...
Visual Object Recognition: Do We Know More Now Than We Did 20
... surrounding this time—solutions to problems as complex as visual object recognition were just around the corner (e.g., Pinker 1984). At the same time, this excitement was tempered by clear gaps in knowledge, not the least of which was the relatively small amount of behavioral and neuroscientific data ...
... surrounding this time—solutions to problems as complex as visual object recognition were just around the corner (e.g., Pinker 1984). At the same time, this excitement was tempered by clear gaps in knowledge, not the least of which was the relatively small amount of behavioral and neuroscientific data ...
angol tézisfüzet0531
... location. Furthermore, NPY-IR axons more densely innervated the periventricular parvocellular subdivision and the medial part of the medial parvocellular subdivision than PNMT-IR or DBH-IR fibers. The area of the medial parvocellular subdivision, where the majority of the hypophysiotropic CRH neuron ...
... location. Furthermore, NPY-IR axons more densely innervated the periventricular parvocellular subdivision and the medial part of the medial parvocellular subdivision than PNMT-IR or DBH-IR fibers. The area of the medial parvocellular subdivision, where the majority of the hypophysiotropic CRH neuron ...
Central mechanisms of osmosensation and systemic osmoregulation
... pre-established set-point, and they must encode this information into electrical signals that can persist even during prolonged perturbations50. Studies involving electrophysiological recording (FIG. 4c,d), functional imaging (FIG. 4a,b) or the expression of activity-dependent immediate-early genes ...
... pre-established set-point, and they must encode this information into electrical signals that can persist even during prolonged perturbations50. Studies involving electrophysiological recording (FIG. 4c,d), functional imaging (FIG. 4a,b) or the expression of activity-dependent immediate-early genes ...
Huffman PowerPoint Slides
... • Neurons are cells that transmit information • Neurons are composed of: – Dendrites: receive information and pass it to cell body – Cell Body: summarizes information – Axon: extends from cell body, carries electrical potential, sends a chemical message to adjacent neurons © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, ...
... • Neurons are cells that transmit information • Neurons are composed of: – Dendrites: receive information and pass it to cell body – Cell Body: summarizes information – Axon: extends from cell body, carries electrical potential, sends a chemical message to adjacent neurons © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, ...
Modeling multiple time scale firing rate adaptation in a neural
... neocortical neurons, rate adaptation lacks clear functional significance at the network or circuit level. Several factors may contribute to this. Conceptually the details of rate adaptation can be deceptively difficult to understand (Benda and Herz 2003), computational modeling of multiple time scal ...
... neocortical neurons, rate adaptation lacks clear functional significance at the network or circuit level. Several factors may contribute to this. Conceptually the details of rate adaptation can be deceptively difficult to understand (Benda and Herz 2003), computational modeling of multiple time scal ...
Spinal Cord and reflexes lab
... 2. Sensory neuron – transmits the afferent impulse to the CNS 3. Integration center in the CNS where the sensory information is received and transferred to motor neurons. 4. Motor neuron – conducts efferent impulses from the integration center to an effector 5. Effector – muscle fiber or gland that ...
... 2. Sensory neuron – transmits the afferent impulse to the CNS 3. Integration center in the CNS where the sensory information is received and transferred to motor neurons. 4. Motor neuron – conducts efferent impulses from the integration center to an effector 5. Effector – muscle fiber or gland that ...
Evolution of Time-Coding Systems in Weakly Electric Fishes
... weakly electric fishes are unique among all sensory systems found among species or even within a genus. The genus in animals in that they carry information for known behaCampylomormyrus consists of species with pulse durations vioral functions entirely by spike timing. ranging from 200 µsec to over ...
... weakly electric fishes are unique among all sensory systems found among species or even within a genus. The genus in animals in that they carry information for known behaCampylomormyrus consists of species with pulse durations vioral functions entirely by spike timing. ranging from 200 µsec to over ...
Uncovering the Forgotten Effect of Superior Cervical Ganglia on
... cause Horner’s syndrome. The role of sympathetic systems regulating pupil diameter should be also investigated if any light reflex anomalies are observed during SAH. In the current study it was noticed that superior cevical ganglia neuron density has an interesting role on the regulation of pupil di ...
... cause Horner’s syndrome. The role of sympathetic systems regulating pupil diameter should be also investigated if any light reflex anomalies are observed during SAH. In the current study it was noticed that superior cevical ganglia neuron density has an interesting role on the regulation of pupil di ...
spinal cord and reflexes - Sinoe Medical Association
... § Lower motor neurons are damaged and impulses do not reach muscles § There is no voluntary or involuntary control of muscles § Spastic paralysis – only upper motor neurons of the primary motor cortex are damaged § Spinal neurons remain intact and muscles are stimulated irregularly § There ...
... § Lower motor neurons are damaged and impulses do not reach muscles § There is no voluntary or involuntary control of muscles § Spastic paralysis – only upper motor neurons of the primary motor cortex are damaged § Spinal neurons remain intact and muscles are stimulated irregularly § There ...
Functional organization of inferior parietal lobule convexity in the
... more than two decades ago and does not account for the functional complexity suggested by more recent neuroanatomical findings. We investigated this issue by recording multi- and single units in the IPL convexity of two monkeys and characterizing their somatosensory, visual and motor responses, usin ...
... more than two decades ago and does not account for the functional complexity suggested by more recent neuroanatomical findings. We investigated this issue by recording multi- and single units in the IPL convexity of two monkeys and characterizing their somatosensory, visual and motor responses, usin ...
File
... stimulates the sweat glands, and slows down the contractions of smooth muscles in the digestive system. You may not be aware of any of these activities, but all of them enable you to run faster and farther. ...
... stimulates the sweat glands, and slows down the contractions of smooth muscles in the digestive system. You may not be aware of any of these activities, but all of them enable you to run faster and farther. ...
Biology 211 Anatomy & Physiology I
... Example: The abducens nerve (VI) originates from the pons and exits the skull through the superior orbital fissure. It innervates the lateral rectus muscle which causes the eye to rotate laterally. Injury to this nerve on either side causes an inability to rotate that eye laterally, and unopposed fu ...
... Example: The abducens nerve (VI) originates from the pons and exits the skull through the superior orbital fissure. It innervates the lateral rectus muscle which causes the eye to rotate laterally. Injury to this nerve on either side causes an inability to rotate that eye laterally, and unopposed fu ...
hormones
... 4. Compare and contrast the nervous and endocrine system. • They BOTH regulate the body. • They BOTH send messages to different parts of the body. • The endocrine system releases HORMONES. The nervous system transmit IMPULSES. • Endocrine system messages are chemical. Nervous system messages are el ...
... 4. Compare and contrast the nervous and endocrine system. • They BOTH regulate the body. • They BOTH send messages to different parts of the body. • The endocrine system releases HORMONES. The nervous system transmit IMPULSES. • Endocrine system messages are chemical. Nervous system messages are el ...
Chapter 2
... inputs with the hope that these subdivisions would correspond to functional zones. The central nucleus, the largest of the subdivisions, has been the focus of most studies of IC neuronal organization and its neuron types and the inputs are best known. Understanding the neuronal organization of the I ...
... inputs with the hope that these subdivisions would correspond to functional zones. The central nucleus, the largest of the subdivisions, has been the focus of most studies of IC neuronal organization and its neuron types and the inputs are best known. Understanding the neuronal organization of the I ...
David Hunter Hubel. 27 February 1926 — 22 September 2013
... Subsequent work in the cat showed a continued modification of receptive field organization in the visual areas just beyond the primary visual cortex, and in at least one visual area beyond those. David and Torsten then largely switched to studying the monkey, first going back to the lateral genicula ...
... Subsequent work in the cat showed a continued modification of receptive field organization in the visual areas just beyond the primary visual cortex, and in at least one visual area beyond those. David and Torsten then largely switched to studying the monkey, first going back to the lateral genicula ...
PDF Document
... more global effects of activity modulation on ‘bystander’ neurons not under direct control, we used densely-expressed depolarizing (ChR2) or hyperpolarizing (eArch3.0, eNpHR3.0) tools to create a slow non-synaptic membrane current in bystander neurons, which matched the current direction seen in the ...
... more global effects of activity modulation on ‘bystander’ neurons not under direct control, we used densely-expressed depolarizing (ChR2) or hyperpolarizing (eArch3.0, eNpHR3.0) tools to create a slow non-synaptic membrane current in bystander neurons, which matched the current direction seen in the ...
Duration Tuning across Vertebrates
... al., 1994) and (medial) superior olive (Guinan et al., 1972; Grothe et al., 1997, 2001). Offset responding neurons have also been observed in the (medial) superior olivary complex (Guinan et al., 1972; Grothe et al., 1997, 2001), where dense excitatory projections lead into the ICc (Oliver et al., 1 ...
... al., 1994) and (medial) superior olive (Guinan et al., 1972; Grothe et al., 1997, 2001). Offset responding neurons have also been observed in the (medial) superior olivary complex (Guinan et al., 1972; Grothe et al., 1997, 2001), where dense excitatory projections lead into the ICc (Oliver et al., 1 ...
Optogenetic drive of neocortical pyramidal neurons generates fMRI
... To illustrate this point we compared electrophysiological recordings made using the laminar probes (MUA and LFP in alternating current coupled mode [LFP]) and saline-filled glass pipettes (LFP recorded in direct-current mode [dcLFP]) during optical stimulation. Fig. 2 depicts a comparison of respons ...
... To illustrate this point we compared electrophysiological recordings made using the laminar probes (MUA and LFP in alternating current coupled mode [LFP]) and saline-filled glass pipettes (LFP recorded in direct-current mode [dcLFP]) during optical stimulation. Fig. 2 depicts a comparison of respons ...
MMNeuropharm2011
... 100 to 500 trillion synapses. The word “synapse” comes from the Greek “syn-” (“together”) and “haptein” (“to clasp”), coined by Sherrington in the late 19th century. In the CNS most synapses are chemical: the presynaptic neuron releases a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft that interacts with ...
... 100 to 500 trillion synapses. The word “synapse” comes from the Greek “syn-” (“together”) and “haptein” (“to clasp”), coined by Sherrington in the late 19th century. In the CNS most synapses are chemical: the presynaptic neuron releases a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft that interacts with ...