Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
... Animals and Surgical Procedures. Two adult monkeys (Macaca fuscata) were used in accordance with the University of Tokyo Animal Care Committee. Surgery on the anterior commissure (AC) was carried out under aseptic conditions and anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital (25–30 mgykg). The right hemispher ...
... Animals and Surgical Procedures. Two adult monkeys (Macaca fuscata) were used in accordance with the University of Tokyo Animal Care Committee. Surgery on the anterior commissure (AC) was carried out under aseptic conditions and anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital (25–30 mgykg). The right hemispher ...
Sleep Mar 19 2013x - Lakehead University
... Lesions of the brainstem of human can cause sleep and coma suggesting the brain stem must play a role in keeping us awake Moruzzi (1940s) attempted to sort out the brain stem’s control of waking and arousal • Lesions in the midline structures of the brain stem caused a state similar to non-REM sleep ...
... Lesions of the brainstem of human can cause sleep and coma suggesting the brain stem must play a role in keeping us awake Moruzzi (1940s) attempted to sort out the brain stem’s control of waking and arousal • Lesions in the midline structures of the brain stem caused a state similar to non-REM sleep ...
Morphology of Thalamocortical Neurons Projecting
... al., 1993; Apkarian and Shi 1994). Samples of these filled locations of the neurons shown in Figures 2-8 are illuscells and STT terminals were drawn with a camera lucida trated in a schematic diagram of coronal sections of the and a computerized microscope system (Eutectic Electron- thalamus (Fig. 9 ...
... al., 1993; Apkarian and Shi 1994). Samples of these filled locations of the neurons shown in Figures 2-8 are illuscells and STT terminals were drawn with a camera lucida trated in a schematic diagram of coronal sections of the and a computerized microscope system (Eutectic Electron- thalamus (Fig. 9 ...
View PDF - MRC BNDU - University of Oxford
... followed the shape of the cell soma and that covered more than 50% of the soma surface (as evaluated in random cases that were digitized and analysed using ImageJ) were considered positive and counted. Use of the 100· objective provided an optimal resolution to identify doublepositive neurons, even ...
... followed the shape of the cell soma and that covered more than 50% of the soma surface (as evaluated in random cases that were digitized and analysed using ImageJ) were considered positive and counted. Use of the 100· objective provided an optimal resolution to identify doublepositive neurons, even ...
Diversity of reporter expression patterns in transgenic mouse lines
... hypothalamus and median eminence of transgenic Validation of the anti-CRH serum and expression mice pattern of the peptide in adult mouse Because of the crucial role of hypothalamic CRH in We employed here the antihuman/rat CRH serum initiating the neuroendocrine response to stress, we fo(rC68) crea ...
... hypothalamus and median eminence of transgenic Validation of the anti-CRH serum and expression mice pattern of the peptide in adult mouse Because of the crucial role of hypothalamic CRH in We employed here the antihuman/rat CRH serum initiating the neuroendocrine response to stress, we fo(rC68) crea ...
The emerging framework of mammalian auditory hindbrain
... AMPA receptors and auditory-typical voltage-gated K+-channels (Golding 2012; Borst and van Soria 2012; Manis et al. 2012; Johnston et al. 2010; Oertel 2009; Yu and Goodrich 2014). Proper development of these circuits and their unique specializations is critical for normal hearing. Indeed, altered st ...
... AMPA receptors and auditory-typical voltage-gated K+-channels (Golding 2012; Borst and van Soria 2012; Manis et al. 2012; Johnston et al. 2010; Oertel 2009; Yu and Goodrich 2014). Proper development of these circuits and their unique specializations is critical for normal hearing. Indeed, altered st ...
PDF
... current angular hand position. Importantly, this distribution was centered at 156° rather than 180° because of the slight clockwise bias in target selection. Additionally, we can see that the farthe ...
... current angular hand position. Importantly, this distribution was centered at 156° rather than 180° because of the slight clockwise bias in target selection. Additionally, we can see that the farthe ...
Mirror neurons and their clinical relevance
... of these neurons is that they discharge both when the monkey performs a motor act and when the monkey, at rest, observes another individual (a human being or another monkey) performing a similar motor act (Figure 1). The degree of similarity that is required between executed and observed motor act ...
... of these neurons is that they discharge both when the monkey performs a motor act and when the monkey, at rest, observes another individual (a human being or another monkey) performing a similar motor act (Figure 1). The degree of similarity that is required between executed and observed motor act ...
Task-induced brain activity in aphasic stroke
... It is claimed that one-third of all stroke patients have an aphasic deficit as part of their presenting symptoms (Laska et al., 2001; Pedersen et al., 2004; Lazar et al., 2008). Although half of these patients recover much or all of their language function, the remainder are left with a persisting a ...
... It is claimed that one-third of all stroke patients have an aphasic deficit as part of their presenting symptoms (Laska et al., 2001; Pedersen et al., 2004; Lazar et al., 2008). Although half of these patients recover much or all of their language function, the remainder are left with a persisting a ...
Nervous System - Warren County Schools
... Continuation of the Nerve Impulse btwn. Neurons (Conductivity) Impulses are able to cross the synapse to another nerve (electrochemical event) Neurotransmitter is released from a nerve’s axon terminal The dendrite of the next neuron has receptors that are stimulated by the neurotransmitter ...
... Continuation of the Nerve Impulse btwn. Neurons (Conductivity) Impulses are able to cross the synapse to another nerve (electrochemical event) Neurotransmitter is released from a nerve’s axon terminal The dendrite of the next neuron has receptors that are stimulated by the neurotransmitter ...
Kandel and Schwartz, 4th Edition Principles of Neural Science Chap
... IN THE EARLIER PARTS OF THIS book we learned that neurons in different regions of the vertebrate nervous system, and indeed in all nervous systems, are quite similar. What distinguishes one brain region from another and one brain from the next are the number and types of its neurons and how they are ...
... IN THE EARLIER PARTS OF THIS book we learned that neurons in different regions of the vertebrate nervous system, and indeed in all nervous systems, are quite similar. What distinguishes one brain region from another and one brain from the next are the number and types of its neurons and how they are ...
A dedicated circuit links direction-selective retinal
... examples of direction-tuned signals in dLGN axons located within superficial V1. The first example (Fig. 5h), responds only to gratings drifting at 45 degrees (polar plot Fig. 5k). The second example (Fig. 5i) is also direction-selective but is more broadly tuned (polar plot Fig. 5l). Interestingly, ...
... examples of direction-tuned signals in dLGN axons located within superficial V1. The first example (Fig. 5h), responds only to gratings drifting at 45 degrees (polar plot Fig. 5k). The second example (Fig. 5i) is also direction-selective but is more broadly tuned (polar plot Fig. 5l). Interestingly, ...
November 29
... Sleep-promoting substances in blood related to immune system stimulation – this is why we sleep more when sick. ...
... Sleep-promoting substances in blood related to immune system stimulation – this is why we sleep more when sick. ...
PDF version - UTRGV Faculty Web
... complied with the animal care guidelines of the University of Melbourne and the laws of Australia. Animals were anaesthetised by chilling for at least 30 minutes before dissection. Dissections were performed in chilled seawater. I removed the abdomen at the thoracicabdomen joint, trimmed the protrud ...
... complied with the animal care guidelines of the University of Melbourne and the laws of Australia. Animals were anaesthetised by chilling for at least 30 minutes before dissection. Dissections were performed in chilled seawater. I removed the abdomen at the thoracicabdomen joint, trimmed the protrud ...
Hindbrain noradrenergic A2 neurons: diverse roles in autonomic
... medullary, pontine, diencephalic, and telencephalic brain regions that underlie these diverse processes. Direct projections from the cortex, limbic forebrain, and hypothalamus to the region of the A2 cell group provide a route through which emotional and cognitive events can modulate visceral respon ...
... medullary, pontine, diencephalic, and telencephalic brain regions that underlie these diverse processes. Direct projections from the cortex, limbic forebrain, and hypothalamus to the region of the A2 cell group provide a route through which emotional and cognitive events can modulate visceral respon ...
Imitation, mirror neurons and autism
... are unable to replicate such gestures on a manikin [35]. This is consistent with the idea that imitation may normally rely on representation of action at a `supramodal' level [36], which is unavailable to these patients; the same lesion site will accordingly disrupt the replication of a gesture whet ...
... are unable to replicate such gestures on a manikin [35]. This is consistent with the idea that imitation may normally rely on representation of action at a `supramodal' level [36], which is unavailable to these patients; the same lesion site will accordingly disrupt the replication of a gesture whet ...
C-fos Expression in the Pons and Medulla of the Cat during
... can be examined employing classical anatomical and neurochemical procedures,the data lack the necessaryfunctional correlates. Problemssuch astheseindicate the need to incorporate new techniques that can assess,during active sleep, the functional state of large populations of anatomically identified ...
... can be examined employing classical anatomical and neurochemical procedures,the data lack the necessaryfunctional correlates. Problemssuch astheseindicate the need to incorporate new techniques that can assess,during active sleep, the functional state of large populations of anatomically identified ...
Relational Networks
... To understand how language operates, we need to have the linguistic information represented in such a way that it can be used for speaking and understanding (A “competence model” that is not competence to perform is unrealistic) ...
... To understand how language operates, we need to have the linguistic information represented in such a way that it can be used for speaking and understanding (A “competence model” that is not competence to perform is unrealistic) ...
Chapter 9b final
... fMRI – same regions of the hippocampus were activated during route learning and during SWS the following night Although people who are awakened during SWS seldom report dreaming, sleeping brain rehearses information that was acquired during the previous day Consistent with animal data ...
... fMRI – same regions of the hippocampus were activated during route learning and during SWS the following night Although people who are awakened during SWS seldom report dreaming, sleeping brain rehearses information that was acquired during the previous day Consistent with animal data ...
Lecture Guide - TestbankCart.com
... the upper part. It influences sleep, dreaming, arousal, and coordination of movement on the left and right sides of the body. 3. The reticular formation runs through the medulla and the pons and controls our general level of attention and arousal. 4. The cerebellum is found at the base and back of t ...
... the upper part. It influences sleep, dreaming, arousal, and coordination of movement on the left and right sides of the body. 3. The reticular formation runs through the medulla and the pons and controls our general level of attention and arousal. 4. The cerebellum is found at the base and back of t ...
Mutations affecting the development of the embryonic zebrafish brain
... development, the morphology of the brain of living zebrafish embryos was examined at days 1, 2 and 3 of development with dissecting stereo microscopes. At these stages, the size and shape of telencephalon, diencephalon, tectum, tegmentum, midbrain-hindbrain boundary, hindbrain and brain ventricles c ...
... development, the morphology of the brain of living zebrafish embryos was examined at days 1, 2 and 3 of development with dissecting stereo microscopes. At these stages, the size and shape of telencephalon, diencephalon, tectum, tegmentum, midbrain-hindbrain boundary, hindbrain and brain ventricles c ...
Interactions between frontal cortex and basal ganglia in working
... However, with these advantages of activation-based memories there are also concomitant disadvantages. For example, because these memories do not involve structural changes, they are transient and, therefore, do not provide a suitable basis for long-term memories. Also, because information is encoded ...
... However, with these advantages of activation-based memories there are also concomitant disadvantages. For example, because these memories do not involve structural changes, they are transient and, therefore, do not provide a suitable basis for long-term memories. Also, because information is encoded ...
Physiological Psychology - II Sem
... of the muscle cell. The entire synaptic transmission process takes only a fraction of a millisecond, although the effects on the postsynaptic cell may last much longer (even indefinitely, in cases where the synaptic signal leads to the formation of a memory trace). There are literally hundreds of di ...
... of the muscle cell. The entire synaptic transmission process takes only a fraction of a millisecond, although the effects on the postsynaptic cell may last much longer (even indefinitely, in cases where the synaptic signal leads to the formation of a memory trace). There are literally hundreds of di ...
2. Organization of the Exam and Assessment Criteria
... location and functions. Phylogenies and ontogenesis of human nervous system. General morphology of nervous system. Main parts of nervous system. Central and peripheral nervous systems. Spinal cord and brain cord. Morphology and functions of the spinal cord. Brainstem. Cerebral nerves. Brain nuclei a ...
... location and functions. Phylogenies and ontogenesis of human nervous system. General morphology of nervous system. Main parts of nervous system. Central and peripheral nervous systems. Spinal cord and brain cord. Morphology and functions of the spinal cord. Brainstem. Cerebral nerves. Brain nuclei a ...
Encoding and Retrieval of Episodic Memories: Role of Hippocampus
... implementing a hippocampal simulation of human episodic memory function, we have addressed many additional issues not addressed in any of these previous theoretical articles. At a circuit level, the network model of hippocampus involves two basic processes, which are here referred to as self-organiz ...
... implementing a hippocampal simulation of human episodic memory function, we have addressed many additional issues not addressed in any of these previous theoretical articles. At a circuit level, the network model of hippocampus involves two basic processes, which are here referred to as self-organiz ...