2. Organization of the Exam and Assessment Criteria
... location and functions. Phylogenies and ontogenesis of human nervous system. General morphology of nervous system. Main parts of nervous system. Central and peripheral nervous systems. Spinal cord and brain cord. Morphology and functions of the spinal cord. Brainstem. Cerebral nerves. Brain nuclei a ...
... location and functions. Phylogenies and ontogenesis of human nervous system. General morphology of nervous system. Main parts of nervous system. Central and peripheral nervous systems. Spinal cord and brain cord. Morphology and functions of the spinal cord. Brainstem. Cerebral nerves. Brain nuclei a ...
Reflex Activity/Lab
... the motor response is contraction of skeletal muscle, the reflex is called a somatic reflex. If the motor response involves cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, or glands, the reflex is called an autonomic (visceral) reflex. Reflexes mediated by spinal nerves are called spinal reflexes, whereas reflexes m ...
... the motor response is contraction of skeletal muscle, the reflex is called a somatic reflex. If the motor response involves cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, or glands, the reflex is called an autonomic (visceral) reflex. Reflexes mediated by spinal nerves are called spinal reflexes, whereas reflexes m ...
Nogo Receptor mRNA Expression in Intact and Regenerating CNS
... Purkinje cells may explain why they are so poor at regenerating axons in damaged white matter. Antibodies to Nogo have been shown to enhance the regeneration of injured corticospinal axons and enhance their sprouting rostral to the lesion (Schnell and Schwab, 1990; Z’Graggen et al., 1998). Antibodie ...
... Purkinje cells may explain why they are so poor at regenerating axons in damaged white matter. Antibodies to Nogo have been shown to enhance the regeneration of injured corticospinal axons and enhance their sprouting rostral to the lesion (Schnell and Schwab, 1990; Z’Graggen et al., 1998). Antibodie ...
The Resilience of Computationalism - Philsci
... ‘computation’, an analog process may or may not be an analog computation, and an analog computation may or may not be a computation in the sense relevant to computationalism. In a loose sense, ‘analog’ refers to the processes of any system that at some level of description can be characterized as t ...
... ‘computation’, an analog process may or may not be an analog computation, and an analog computation may or may not be a computation in the sense relevant to computationalism. In a loose sense, ‘analog’ refers to the processes of any system that at some level of description can be characterized as t ...
Basal Ganglia and Cerebellar Inputs to `AIP`
... are the result of input from the superior colliculus. Similarly, some of the ‘motor’ properties of AIP neurons could be a consequence of input from the cerebellum. In addition, given the extensive interconnections between AIP and PMv, we sought to examine whether these two cortical areas received in ...
... are the result of input from the superior colliculus. Similarly, some of the ‘motor’ properties of AIP neurons could be a consequence of input from the cerebellum. In addition, given the extensive interconnections between AIP and PMv, we sought to examine whether these two cortical areas received in ...
Failure of the oculomotor neural integrator from a discrete midline
... A discrete electrolytic lesion, having a roughly columnar shape approximately 4 mm deep and 1 mm in diameter, was made on the midline between the abducens nuclei. This was done by positioning a tungsten microelectrode using the stereotaxic map, and advancing it into the brainstem in five 1 mm steps. ...
... A discrete electrolytic lesion, having a roughly columnar shape approximately 4 mm deep and 1 mm in diameter, was made on the midline between the abducens nuclei. This was done by positioning a tungsten microelectrode using the stereotaxic map, and advancing it into the brainstem in five 1 mm steps. ...
Oscillatory phase coupling coordinates
... Fig. 1. Patterns of oscillatory phase coupling across multiple brain areas coordinate anatomically dispersed neuronal cell assemblies (schematic). (A–D) Hypothesis 1: Spike timing in single neurons depends on frequency-specific oscillatory phase coupling across multiple brain areas. (A) Spiking in o ...
... Fig. 1. Patterns of oscillatory phase coupling across multiple brain areas coordinate anatomically dispersed neuronal cell assemblies (schematic). (A–D) Hypothesis 1: Spike timing in single neurons depends on frequency-specific oscillatory phase coupling across multiple brain areas. (A) Spiking in o ...
Pathways for emotions and memory
... basolateral nucleus; BM, basomedial nucleus (also known as accessory basal); CA1–CA4, cornu Ammonis hippocampal fields of Lorente de Nó (Lorente de Nó, 1934); CB, calbindin; Cdc, central densocellular nucleus; Ce, central nucleus; Clc, central latocellular nucleus; Csl, central superior lateral nu ...
... basolateral nucleus; BM, basomedial nucleus (also known as accessory basal); CA1–CA4, cornu Ammonis hippocampal fields of Lorente de Nó (Lorente de Nó, 1934); CB, calbindin; Cdc, central densocellular nucleus; Ce, central nucleus; Clc, central latocellular nucleus; Csl, central superior lateral nu ...
Mercury and the Developing Brain
... axon gives rise to many smaller axon branches before ending at nerve terminals. Another extension of the cell body includes dendrites, which extend from the neuron cell Figure 3. The Healthy Neuron ...
... axon gives rise to many smaller axon branches before ending at nerve terminals. Another extension of the cell body includes dendrites, which extend from the neuron cell Figure 3. The Healthy Neuron ...
Structure of Receptive Fields in Area 3b of Primary Somatosensory
... monkeys. This subjected each neuronal RF to a very large number of different spatial dot patterns. We determined the excitatory and inhibitory structure of each neuron’s RF by comparing the instantaneous spike rates with the patterns that evoked them. Most RFs contained a single, well-defined excita ...
... monkeys. This subjected each neuronal RF to a very large number of different spatial dot patterns. We determined the excitatory and inhibitory structure of each neuron’s RF by comparing the instantaneous spike rates with the patterns that evoked them. Most RFs contained a single, well-defined excita ...
a few sensory concepts, 100416
... The sensory receptor transduces the energy in the stimulus, such as a mechanical vibration, into a graded potential. ...
... The sensory receptor transduces the energy in the stimulus, such as a mechanical vibration, into a graded potential. ...
Differential regulation of the central neural cardiorespiratory system
... maintenance of arterial blood pressure and the various reflex inputs that affect it? Normally, there is a continuous flow of excitation from the sympathetic nervous system to the periphery in order to maintain a basal level of tone to blood vessels, a certain amount of release of adreno-medullary ho ...
... maintenance of arterial blood pressure and the various reflex inputs that affect it? Normally, there is a continuous flow of excitation from the sympathetic nervous system to the periphery in order to maintain a basal level of tone to blood vessels, a certain amount of release of adreno-medullary ho ...
Cortical Motor Organization, Mirror Neurons, and
... together, a ‘storage’ of motor representations, a kind of ‘internal motor knowledge’ of the individual. Coming back to the motor imagery function (see above), whenever an individual imagines to perform a motor act, the activation of the motor cortex reflects the activation of specific motor represen ...
... together, a ‘storage’ of motor representations, a kind of ‘internal motor knowledge’ of the individual. Coming back to the motor imagery function (see above), whenever an individual imagines to perform a motor act, the activation of the motor cortex reflects the activation of specific motor represen ...
Critical Time Window of Neuronal Cholesterol Synthesis during
... whether cortical projection neurons in vivo essentially require cholesterol biosynthesis and which cell types support neurons, we have conditionally ablated the cholesterol biosynthesis in these neurons in mice either embryonically or postnatally. We found that cortical projection neurons synthesize ...
... whether cortical projection neurons in vivo essentially require cholesterol biosynthesis and which cell types support neurons, we have conditionally ablated the cholesterol biosynthesis in these neurons in mice either embryonically or postnatally. We found that cortical projection neurons synthesize ...
Brain oscillations in perception and memory
... particular aim is to demonstrate that the alpha band } so far mostly neglected } deserves more interest. To emphasize that oscillatory networks are selectively distributed and that oscillatory activities are related to sensory as well as cognitive processes. This integrative view might help to recon ...
... particular aim is to demonstrate that the alpha band } so far mostly neglected } deserves more interest. To emphasize that oscillatory networks are selectively distributed and that oscillatory activities are related to sensory as well as cognitive processes. This integrative view might help to recon ...
Massive Loss of Mid- and Hindbrain Neurons during Embryonic
... The failure of Lc/Lc neonates to feed and the cerebellar phenotype of Lc/1 animals suggested that a possible neuronal deficit in homozygous animals may be responsible for their phenotype. To address this possibility, we undertook an in-depth analysis of the Lc/Lc CNS. P0 neonates were genotyped, fix ...
... The failure of Lc/Lc neonates to feed and the cerebellar phenotype of Lc/1 animals suggested that a possible neuronal deficit in homozygous animals may be responsible for their phenotype. To address this possibility, we undertook an in-depth analysis of the Lc/Lc CNS. P0 neonates were genotyped, fix ...
Full-Text PDF
... vibration-sensitive bristles along the wing margin that can detect wingbeat vibration, and these bristles have unique responsiveness to airborne vibration with restricted frequencies. On the base of the wings there are proprioceptors (i.e., stretch receptor) to monitor wing movements during wingbeat ...
... vibration-sensitive bristles along the wing margin that can detect wingbeat vibration, and these bristles have unique responsiveness to airborne vibration with restricted frequencies. On the base of the wings there are proprioceptors (i.e., stretch receptor) to monitor wing movements during wingbeat ...
The influence of James and Darwin on Cajal and his
... recollection of the “spirit” (mental processes) can be organized. In answering this question, it is important to consider, firstly, the process that occurs in the brain when it is stimulated. For instance, the visual perception of an object will be reproduced giving an idea of the same object when i ...
... recollection of the “spirit” (mental processes) can be organized. In answering this question, it is important to consider, firstly, the process that occurs in the brain when it is stimulated. For instance, the visual perception of an object will be reproduced giving an idea of the same object when i ...
Locus coeruleus - Rice CAAM Department
... nucleus is the principal site for brain synthesis of noradrenaline (or "NA", also known as norepinephrine or "NE"). It is composed of mostly medium-size neurons. Melanin granules inside the neurons of the LC contribute to its blue color. Thus, it is also known as the nucleus pigmentosus pontis, mean ...
... nucleus is the principal site for brain synthesis of noradrenaline (or "NA", also known as norepinephrine or "NE"). It is composed of mostly medium-size neurons. Melanin granules inside the neurons of the LC contribute to its blue color. Thus, it is also known as the nucleus pigmentosus pontis, mean ...
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... a. it is not being stimulated. b. the gates that control the passage of potassium ions are closed. c. there is a greater concentration of positively charged sodium ions inside the cell body than outside of it. d. it has a slightly positive charge. e. it lacks potential energy. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Neu ...
... a. it is not being stimulated. b. the gates that control the passage of potassium ions are closed. c. there is a greater concentration of positively charged sodium ions inside the cell body than outside of it. d. it has a slightly positive charge. e. it lacks potential energy. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Neu ...