Lecture 23. Pathophysiology of respiratory system
... • In the second stage begins a gradual decline in respiration rate against the background of deep respiratory movements. Phase exhalation prevails over the inspiratory phase (expiratory dyspnea). • In the third stage of the frequency and depth of respiratory movements decreased steadily up to a comp ...
... • In the second stage begins a gradual decline in respiration rate against the background of deep respiratory movements. Phase exhalation prevails over the inspiratory phase (expiratory dyspnea). • In the third stage of the frequency and depth of respiratory movements decreased steadily up to a comp ...
Narrow versus wide tuning curves: What`s best for a population code?
... the same number of units in both layers, and the output layer contains lateral connections, which sharpen the tuning curves. This case is particularly relevant for neurophysiologists since this type of circuit is quite common in the cortex. In fact, some evidence suggests that a similar network is i ...
... the same number of units in both layers, and the output layer contains lateral connections, which sharpen the tuning curves. This case is particularly relevant for neurophysiologists since this type of circuit is quite common in the cortex. In fact, some evidence suggests that a similar network is i ...
Consciousness, biology and quantum hypotheses
... lobes can be massively damaged without significantly impairing the conscious state or its stream of momentary contents [2]. Cerebellum and cortex have similar numbers of neurons, although they differ in cellular morphology and in patterns of connectivity. The cerebellum is thought to involve a large ...
... lobes can be massively damaged without significantly impairing the conscious state or its stream of momentary contents [2]. Cerebellum and cortex have similar numbers of neurons, although they differ in cellular morphology and in patterns of connectivity. The cerebellum is thought to involve a large ...
Scents and Sensibility: A Molecular Logic of Olfactory Perception
... Assistant Professor in 1974 at the Institute of Cancer Research. I was ecstatic to occupy a lab and office adjacent to his. Sol had many visitors in those years, and when he felt bored in a meeting he would excuse himself and hide in my office where we talked science until his visitors finally gave ...
... Assistant Professor in 1974 at the Institute of Cancer Research. I was ecstatic to occupy a lab and office adjacent to his. Sol had many visitors in those years, and when he felt bored in a meeting he would excuse himself and hide in my office where we talked science until his visitors finally gave ...
Narrow versus wide tuning curves: What`s best for a population code?
... the same number of units in both layers, and the output layer contains lateral connections, which sharpen the tuning curves. This case is particularly relevant for neurophysiologists since this type of circuit is quite common in the cortex. In fact, some evidence suggests that a similar network is i ...
... the same number of units in both layers, and the output layer contains lateral connections, which sharpen the tuning curves. This case is particularly relevant for neurophysiologists since this type of circuit is quite common in the cortex. In fact, some evidence suggests that a similar network is i ...
Specificity in Inhibitory Systems Associated with Prefrontal Pathways to
... 1998; Rao et al. 1999; Constantinidis et al. 2001; Krimer and Goldman-Rakic 2001; Constantinidis et al. 2002). However, excitatory neurons also act through pathways that leave the gray matter and travel in the white matter over short or long distances. The prefrontal cortex participates in an extens ...
... 1998; Rao et al. 1999; Constantinidis et al. 2001; Krimer and Goldman-Rakic 2001; Constantinidis et al. 2002). However, excitatory neurons also act through pathways that leave the gray matter and travel in the white matter over short or long distances. The prefrontal cortex participates in an extens ...
Coordinated Interaction between Hippocampal Sharp
... ACC type I neurons did not always increase their firing rates after ripple events. Individual type I neurons had a postripple activation probability of 23% on average (ranging from 7 to 47%) following highFigure 1. Recording sites. A, Two representative coronal sections showing the recording sites i ...
... ACC type I neurons did not always increase their firing rates after ripple events. Individual type I neurons had a postripple activation probability of 23% on average (ranging from 7 to 47%) following highFigure 1. Recording sites. A, Two representative coronal sections showing the recording sites i ...
interactions between number and space in parietal cortex
... A second issue that is relevant to this review is the determination of the coordinate frame in which the SNARC effect arises. For example, it is known that the SNARC effect occurs even when the hands are crossed4, which indicates that the effect depends on eye- or world-centred coordinates, rather t ...
... A second issue that is relevant to this review is the determination of the coordinate frame in which the SNARC effect arises. For example, it is known that the SNARC effect occurs even when the hands are crossed4, which indicates that the effect depends on eye- or world-centred coordinates, rather t ...
6.12 Dorsal and Ventral Streams in the Sense of Touch
... The ventral stream – transmitted through the inferotemporal cortex – is the putative ‘what’ pathway. These cortical areas analyze the visual signals to derive cognitive information about the size, shape, and color of the stimulus. These intrinsic properties allow us to recognize such stimuli as dist ...
... The ventral stream – transmitted through the inferotemporal cortex – is the putative ‘what’ pathway. These cortical areas analyze the visual signals to derive cognitive information about the size, shape, and color of the stimulus. These intrinsic properties allow us to recognize such stimuli as dist ...
Spike-and-Wave Oscillations Based on the Properties of GABAB
... corticothalamic fibers. Because corticothalamic PY cells receive a significant proportion of their excitatory synapses from ascending thalamic axons (Hersch and White, 1981; White and Hersch, 1982), these cells mediate a monosynaptic excitatory feedback loop (thalamus– cortex– thalamus) that has bee ...
... corticothalamic fibers. Because corticothalamic PY cells receive a significant proportion of their excitatory synapses from ascending thalamic axons (Hersch and White, 1981; White and Hersch, 1982), these cells mediate a monosynaptic excitatory feedback loop (thalamus– cortex– thalamus) that has bee ...
Cartesian spatial coordinates Computing reaching dynamics in
... notion that the motor cortex represents movement parameters. The movements of the arm are governed by muscle forces that exert torques around joints. Models of arm movements typically use joint-angle coordinates, which require the solution of nonlinear inverse kinematics (the computation of joint an ...
... notion that the motor cortex represents movement parameters. The movements of the arm are governed by muscle forces that exert torques around joints. Models of arm movements typically use joint-angle coordinates, which require the solution of nonlinear inverse kinematics (the computation of joint an ...
Functional territories in primate substantia nigra pars reticulata
... To test the behavioral representation of stable object-value memories, we used a free viewing task (Yasuda et al. 2012). On each trial, four of a set of eight fractal objects were chosen randomly, regardless of their values, and were presented simultaneously for 2 s. The monkey was free to look at t ...
... To test the behavioral representation of stable object-value memories, we used a free viewing task (Yasuda et al. 2012). On each trial, four of a set of eight fractal objects were chosen randomly, regardless of their values, and were presented simultaneously for 2 s. The monkey was free to look at t ...
Sample
... B) planning of feeding-related movements C) rapid contraction of the squid mantle which propels the squid away from danger D) coordination of general sensory-motor function E) contraction of the mouth of the squid to produce chewing movements Answer: C Rationale: The giant squid axon is specialized ...
... B) planning of feeding-related movements C) rapid contraction of the squid mantle which propels the squid away from danger D) coordination of general sensory-motor function E) contraction of the mouth of the squid to produce chewing movements Answer: C Rationale: The giant squid axon is specialized ...
Ontogeny, Compartmentation, and Turnover of Spectrin lsoforms in
... compartmentation comes from its ontogeny. Membrane-associated cuyspectrin is present at birth at its adult levels, but cytoplasmic a&spectrin is expressed only following the second postnatal week. Similarly, the 4-fold difference in cytoplasmic ay-spectrin content across brain regions develops durin ...
... compartmentation comes from its ontogeny. Membrane-associated cuyspectrin is present at birth at its adult levels, but cytoplasmic a&spectrin is expressed only following the second postnatal week. Similarly, the 4-fold difference in cytoplasmic ay-spectrin content across brain regions develops durin ...
Mechanisms for Stable, Robust, and Adaptive Development of
... in inputs over time or across animals, yet adaptive to the statistics of available visual input. Although numerous computational models of activity-driven map development have been proposed (for review, see Swindale, 1996; Goodhill, 2007), no map model has yet been shown to develop stably in respons ...
... in inputs over time or across animals, yet adaptive to the statistics of available visual input. Although numerous computational models of activity-driven map development have been proposed (for review, see Swindale, 1996; Goodhill, 2007), no map model has yet been shown to develop stably in respons ...
12 - PHSchool.com
... We begin our study of the brain with brain embryology, as the terminology used for the structural divisions of the adult brain is easier to follow when you understand brain development. The earliest phase of brain development is shown in Figure 12.1. Starting in the three-week-old embryo, the ectode ...
... We begin our study of the brain with brain embryology, as the terminology used for the structural divisions of the adult brain is easier to follow when you understand brain development. The earliest phase of brain development is shown in Figure 12.1. Starting in the three-week-old embryo, the ectode ...
Presence of vesicular glutamate transporter-2 in
... and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) neurons of the adult male rat express mRNA and immunoreactivity for type-2 vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT2), a marker for glutamatergic neuronal phenotype. In the present study, we investigated the issue of whether these glutamatergic features are shar ...
... and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) neurons of the adult male rat express mRNA and immunoreactivity for type-2 vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT2), a marker for glutamatergic neuronal phenotype. In the present study, we investigated the issue of whether these glutamatergic features are shar ...
Ch. 14 CNS textbook
... neck stiffness and pain. Depending on the primary cause, meningitis may be mild and self-limiting or may progress to a severe, perhaps fatal, condition. If only the spinal meninges are involved, the condition is called spinal meningitis. ...
... neck stiffness and pain. Depending on the primary cause, meningitis may be mild and self-limiting or may progress to a severe, perhaps fatal, condition. If only the spinal meninges are involved, the condition is called spinal meningitis. ...
Reduced Levels of Acetylcholine Receptor Expression in Chick
... the AON was ablated in embryos at ED 3.54 (stages 21-23), which precedes the time of synapse formation in the ciliary ganglion (Jacob, 199 1). In early developing chick embryos, the AON is quite accessible since the nucleus lies bilaterally near the surface along the midline region of the dorsal mes ...
... the AON was ablated in embryos at ED 3.54 (stages 21-23), which precedes the time of synapse formation in the ciliary ganglion (Jacob, 199 1). In early developing chick embryos, the AON is quite accessible since the nucleus lies bilaterally near the surface along the midline region of the dorsal mes ...
InterimSummary The Nature of Learning
... important one. It involves an association between two stimuli. A stimulus that previously had little effect on behavior becomes able to evoke a reflexive, species-typical behavior. For example, a defensive eyeblink response can be conditioned to a tone. If we direct a brief puff of air toward a rabb ...
... important one. It involves an association between two stimuli. A stimulus that previously had little effect on behavior becomes able to evoke a reflexive, species-typical behavior. For example, a defensive eyeblink response can be conditioned to a tone. If we direct a brief puff of air toward a rabb ...
Early Functional Impairment of Sensory-Motor Connectivity in a Mouse Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy
... Reduced Synaptic Responses of SMA Motor Neurons following Proprioceptive Fiber Activation We observed severe motor dysfunction in SMA mice as demonstrated by their inability to right at P1 until death at approximately P14 (Figure 1A), as has been previously reported (Le et al., 2005; Avila et al., 2 ...
... Reduced Synaptic Responses of SMA Motor Neurons following Proprioceptive Fiber Activation We observed severe motor dysfunction in SMA mice as demonstrated by their inability to right at P1 until death at approximately P14 (Figure 1A), as has been previously reported (Le et al., 2005; Avila et al., 2 ...
marin_C02 - Napa Valley College
... • Natural selection – inherited traits help enable survival & reproduction • Ability to change involves both genetic & environmental factors ...
... • Natural selection – inherited traits help enable survival & reproduction • Ability to change involves both genetic & environmental factors ...
Frontal Eye Field Neurons Reflect Covert, Serial Shifts of Attention
... locations because, as noted above, there were fewer trials with a greater (3 or 4) number of shifts of attention. To capture these attentional shifts in the spiking activity, we defined two analysis windows based on either standard, static, time windows or LFP cycles. To be as conservative as possib ...
... locations because, as noted above, there were fewer trials with a greater (3 or 4) number of shifts of attention. To capture these attentional shifts in the spiking activity, we defined two analysis windows based on either standard, static, time windows or LFP cycles. To be as conservative as possib ...
What Are Emotional States, and Why Do We
... Selecting between available rewards with their associated costs, and avoiding punishers with their associated costs, is a process that can take place both implicitly (unconsciously) and explicitly using a language system to enable long-term plans to be made (Rolls, 2005b, 2008b). These many diffe ...
... Selecting between available rewards with their associated costs, and avoiding punishers with their associated costs, is a process that can take place both implicitly (unconsciously) and explicitly using a language system to enable long-term plans to be made (Rolls, 2005b, 2008b). These many diffe ...
A Role of Central NELL2 in the Regulation of Feeding Behavior in
... of daily body weight gain (–1.8 ± 1.3 g/day, p<0.001 compared to ACSF or SCR; Figs. 2A and 2D). This attenuation of body weight gain appeared in NELL2 AS ODN group is due to an attenuation of food consumption, as rats in this group ate significantly less than that of the control groups (average of d ...
... of daily body weight gain (–1.8 ± 1.3 g/day, p<0.001 compared to ACSF or SCR; Figs. 2A and 2D). This attenuation of body weight gain appeared in NELL2 AS ODN group is due to an attenuation of food consumption, as rats in this group ate significantly less than that of the control groups (average of d ...