Gustatory Processing in Drosophila Higher Brain Centers By
... between innate drives and learned reactions. In order to understand how an animal acquires or modifies knowledge or skills (learning) and stores and retrieves that information for later use (memory), we must first understand the environmental and behavioral conditions that lead to learning, the mole ...
... between innate drives and learned reactions. In order to understand how an animal acquires or modifies knowledge or skills (learning) and stores and retrieves that information for later use (memory), we must first understand the environmental and behavioral conditions that lead to learning, the mole ...
Primate Globus Pallidus and Subthalamic Nucleus: Functional
... acrylic. For recordings in the GP, the axis of the chamber was aimed stereotaxically at the center of this structure (A 12, L8, H6). The chamber was placed at a 50° angle from the vertical, in order to avoid passage of the electrodes through the arm area of the motor cortex and the internal capsule. ...
... acrylic. For recordings in the GP, the axis of the chamber was aimed stereotaxically at the center of this structure (A 12, L8, H6). The chamber was placed at a 50° angle from the vertical, in order to avoid passage of the electrodes through the arm area of the motor cortex and the internal capsule. ...
extracellular and intracellular signaling for neuronal polarity
... In addition to axon-dendrite formation, neuronal polarization in vivo includes a different, but not completely separate, process: migration (231, 283) (FIGURE 1). Generally, leading process formation is essential for migration toward the proper destination. Therefore, the MP-to-BP transition is also ...
... In addition to axon-dendrite formation, neuronal polarization in vivo includes a different, but not completely separate, process: migration (231, 283) (FIGURE 1). Generally, leading process formation is essential for migration toward the proper destination. Therefore, the MP-to-BP transition is also ...
Kazumi TAKAHASHI†*, Jian-Sheng LIN† and Kazuya - HAL
... The preoptic area (POA) of the anterior hypothalamus and the adjacent basal forebrain (BFB) play an important role in the regulation of homeostatic and cognitive processes, including blood pressure, thermoregulation, sexual behavior, attention, learning, and cortical activity (Boulant and Dean, 1986 ...
... The preoptic area (POA) of the anterior hypothalamus and the adjacent basal forebrain (BFB) play an important role in the regulation of homeostatic and cognitive processes, including blood pressure, thermoregulation, sexual behavior, attention, learning, and cortical activity (Boulant and Dean, 1986 ...
Physiological Patterns in the Hippocampo
... activity. How entorhinal ensembles form, interact, and accomplish emergent processes such as memory formation is not well-understood. We lack sufficient understanding of how neuronal ensembles in general can function transiently and distinctively from other neuronal ensembles. Ensemble interactions ...
... activity. How entorhinal ensembles form, interact, and accomplish emergent processes such as memory formation is not well-understood. We lack sufficient understanding of how neuronal ensembles in general can function transiently and distinctively from other neuronal ensembles. Ensemble interactions ...
Physiological patterns in the hippocampo
... activity. How entorhinal ensembles form, interact, and accomplish emergent processes such as memory formation is not well-understood. We lack sufficient understanding of how neuronal ensembles in general can function transiently and distinctively from other neuronal ensembles. Ensemble interactions ...
... activity. How entorhinal ensembles form, interact, and accomplish emergent processes such as memory formation is not well-understood. We lack sufficient understanding of how neuronal ensembles in general can function transiently and distinctively from other neuronal ensembles. Ensemble interactions ...
5-28-2007
... across sleep stages (e.g., Lee et al., 2005), basal forebrain areas in humans were among those that showed significant changes in glucose metabolism (rCMRglu) or rCBF throughout the sleep-wake cycle (Braun et al., 1997; Maquet et al., 1997; Nofzinger et al., 2002). Due to the complex anatomy of the ...
... across sleep stages (e.g., Lee et al., 2005), basal forebrain areas in humans were among those that showed significant changes in glucose metabolism (rCMRglu) or rCBF throughout the sleep-wake cycle (Braun et al., 1997; Maquet et al., 1997; Nofzinger et al., 2002). Due to the complex anatomy of the ...
Summary
... The central nervous system of earthworms comprises suprapharyngeal ganglia, also called cerebral ganglia or “brains”, connected by circumpharyngeal connectives with subpharyngeal ganglia, the latter forming with ventral ganglia the ventral nerve cord. Siekierska (2003a) described the structure of ne ...
... The central nervous system of earthworms comprises suprapharyngeal ganglia, also called cerebral ganglia or “brains”, connected by circumpharyngeal connectives with subpharyngeal ganglia, the latter forming with ventral ganglia the ventral nerve cord. Siekierska (2003a) described the structure of ne ...
completion
... The continued use of certain drugs, particularly depressants, can produce tolerance. ANS: T ...
... The continued use of certain drugs, particularly depressants, can produce tolerance. ANS: T ...
Statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions: Constraints on 40
... retention of 7 ± 2 items [19]. This is true even for apparently exceptional memory performers who, while they may be capable of more efficient encoding and retrieval of STM, and while they may be more efficient in ‘‘chunking’’ larger patterns of information into single items, nevertheless are limite ...
... retention of 7 ± 2 items [19]. This is true even for apparently exceptional memory performers who, while they may be capable of more efficient encoding and retrieval of STM, and while they may be more efficient in ‘‘chunking’’ larger patterns of information into single items, nevertheless are limite ...
LAB: Nerve Reflexes
... Nerve impulses follow routes through the nervous system called nerve pathways. Some of the simplest nerve pathways consist of little more than two neurons that communicate across a single synapse. A reflex is a relatively simple motor response that does not involve a large number of interneurons (or ...
... Nerve impulses follow routes through the nervous system called nerve pathways. Some of the simplest nerve pathways consist of little more than two neurons that communicate across a single synapse. A reflex is a relatively simple motor response that does not involve a large number of interneurons (or ...
video slide
... of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon. ...
... of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon. ...
Hypergravity hinders axonal development of motor neurons
... (Olympus BX50) was used to visualize the GFP-labelled neurons. Imaging software (Nikon Elements) was used for extended depth of field (EDF) images, as well as all others images. ...
... (Olympus BX50) was used to visualize the GFP-labelled neurons. Imaging software (Nikon Elements) was used for extended depth of field (EDF) images, as well as all others images. ...
synaptic connections of morphologically identified and
... contact (arrow) from a bouton containing round vesicles. (C). Electron micrograph of one of the laterally running secondary myelinated axon collaterals (ac). (D). Electron micrograph of the main ascending axon (a) just distalto the axon initial segment where it acquired its myelin sheath . (E)-(H). ...
... contact (arrow) from a bouton containing round vesicles. (C). Electron micrograph of one of the laterally running secondary myelinated axon collaterals (ac). (D). Electron micrograph of the main ascending axon (a) just distalto the axon initial segment where it acquired its myelin sheath . (E)-(H). ...
Properties and Functional Role of Voltage
... glial cells that often wrap Purkinje cell dendrites. Purkinje cells were easily identified on the basis of their large size and distinctive morphology. Purkinje cells in the vermis were used for these experiments. Distance of the dendrite from which the patch was formed was measured from the center ...
... glial cells that often wrap Purkinje cell dendrites. Purkinje cells were easily identified on the basis of their large size and distinctive morphology. Purkinje cells in the vermis were used for these experiments. Distance of the dendrite from which the patch was formed was measured from the center ...
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
... • Sympathetic preganglionic neuron cell bodies are housed in the lateral horn of the T1–L2 regions of the spinal cord. • Preganglionic sympathetic axons travel with somatic motor neuron axons to exit the spinal cord and enter first the anterior roots and then the T1–L2 spinal ...
... • Sympathetic preganglionic neuron cell bodies are housed in the lateral horn of the T1–L2 regions of the spinal cord. • Preganglionic sympathetic axons travel with somatic motor neuron axons to exit the spinal cord and enter first the anterior roots and then the T1–L2 spinal ...
Asymmetry of the Neuroendocrine System
... humans, in the cerebral cortex. The theory of asymmetry discouraged scientists for a long time from research aimed at extending asymmetry to brain regions other than the cerebral cortex and/or to other species. Since the late 1960s, it has become evident that each hemisphere is superior in certain f ...
... humans, in the cerebral cortex. The theory of asymmetry discouraged scientists for a long time from research aimed at extending asymmetry to brain regions other than the cerebral cortex and/or to other species. Since the late 1960s, it has become evident that each hemisphere is superior in certain f ...
REVIEW
... more sensitive to pheromones at reproductively appropriate times. For example, odors are perceived differently throughout the menstrual cycle in women.5,6,8 Certain male odors are judged more pleasant by women during ovulation9 and cause sexual arousal.10 In addition, male odors have been shown to i ...
... more sensitive to pheromones at reproductively appropriate times. For example, odors are perceived differently throughout the menstrual cycle in women.5,6,8 Certain male odors are judged more pleasant by women during ovulation9 and cause sexual arousal.10 In addition, male odors have been shown to i ...
Regulation of thalamocortical axon branching by BDNF and synaptic vesicle cycling
... Frontiers in Neural Circuits, (7), 202. ...
... Frontiers in Neural Circuits, (7), 202. ...
Glutamate Inhibits GABA Excitatory Activity in
... possible interaction between the two primary transmitters of the brain during early development. If both GABA and glutamate are excitatory, what prevents the neurons in the developing brain from simply getting caught in a positive feedback cycle of runaway excitation that might lead to seizure-like ...
... possible interaction between the two primary transmitters of the brain during early development. If both GABA and glutamate are excitatory, what prevents the neurons in the developing brain from simply getting caught in a positive feedback cycle of runaway excitation that might lead to seizure-like ...
The Switch of Subthalamic Neurons From an Irregular to a Bursting
... point). A U-shaped piece of aluminum, fixed to a flexible carriage (GFG Co., Pierre-Bénite, Rhoˆne, France) fastened to the stereotaxic apparatus was positioned above the STN. This Ushaped piece was then embedded in dental cement with the EEG screws and EMG wires and their six-pin connector, leaving ...
... point). A U-shaped piece of aluminum, fixed to a flexible carriage (GFG Co., Pierre-Bénite, Rhoˆne, France) fastened to the stereotaxic apparatus was positioned above the STN. This Ushaped piece was then embedded in dental cement with the EEG screws and EMG wires and their six-pin connector, leaving ...
Synchronous vs. Conjunctive Binding: A False Dichotomy? Robert F. Hadley ()
... provided the two nodes are both “currently unbound” (that is, they are both free to bind). 2 Examples of connectionist systems which employ this strategy (of binding an unbound filler node to an unbound role node whenever both are the most active nodes possessing appropriate connectivity) include th ...
... provided the two nodes are both “currently unbound” (that is, they are both free to bind). 2 Examples of connectionist systems which employ this strategy (of binding an unbound filler node to an unbound role node whenever both are the most active nodes possessing appropriate connectivity) include th ...
