Logic and Complexity in Cognitive Science
... in cognitive science. We emphasize in particular the role played by logic in bridging the gaps between Marr’s three levels: representation theorems for non-monotonic logics resolve algorithmic/implementation debates, while complexity theory probes the relationship between computational task analysis ...
... in cognitive science. We emphasize in particular the role played by logic in bridging the gaps between Marr’s three levels: representation theorems for non-monotonic logics resolve algorithmic/implementation debates, while complexity theory probes the relationship between computational task analysis ...
MOTOR SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY
... - MNs there are two types of gamma - MNs: static and dynamic dynamic supply the dynamic nuclear bag fiber static supply the static nuclear bag fiber and the nuclear chain fibers static and dynamic gamma biasing means that both types of MNs are activated before a movement which results in increased s ...
... - MNs there are two types of gamma - MNs: static and dynamic dynamic supply the dynamic nuclear bag fiber static supply the static nuclear bag fiber and the nuclear chain fibers static and dynamic gamma biasing means that both types of MNs are activated before a movement which results in increased s ...
An Olfactory Sensory Map in the Fly Brain
... We have isolated the “complete” repertoire of genes encoding the odorant receptors in Drosophila and employ these genes to provide a molecular description of the organization of the peripheral olfactory system. The repertoire of Drosophila odorant receptors is encoded by 57 genes. Individual sensory ...
... We have isolated the “complete” repertoire of genes encoding the odorant receptors in Drosophila and employ these genes to provide a molecular description of the organization of the peripheral olfactory system. The repertoire of Drosophila odorant receptors is encoded by 57 genes. Individual sensory ...
Functional Anatomy, Physiology and Clinical Aspects of Basal Ganglia
... The most important elements are striatum and cerebral cortex. Especially in the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex and medium spiny neurons of the striatum there is capacity for plastic changes relating to the control of broadly defined mental functions (motor, emotional, cognitive). The cerebra ...
... The most important elements are striatum and cerebral cortex. Especially in the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex and medium spiny neurons of the striatum there is capacity for plastic changes relating to the control of broadly defined mental functions (motor, emotional, cognitive). The cerebra ...
Early Neuronal Loss and Axonal/Presynaptic Damage is Associated
... leads to dementia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is consequence of a severe loss of synapses and neurons that selectively affects particular cell subpopulations in brain areas critical for learning and memory [1–6]. Although transgenic mice, based on the overexpression of proteins harboring one or seve ...
... leads to dementia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is consequence of a severe loss of synapses and neurons that selectively affects particular cell subpopulations in brain areas critical for learning and memory [1–6]. Although transgenic mice, based on the overexpression of proteins harboring one or seve ...
Expression of Cux-1 and Cux-2 in the Subventricular Zone and
... SVZ and Cux-1 and Cux-2 expression in the postmigratory cortical neurons. Thus, these data support the existence of an intermediate neuronal precursor in the SVZ dedicated to the generation of upper layer neurons, marked specifically by Cux-2. The patterns of expression of Cux genes suggest potential ...
... SVZ and Cux-1 and Cux-2 expression in the postmigratory cortical neurons. Thus, these data support the existence of an intermediate neuronal precursor in the SVZ dedicated to the generation of upper layer neurons, marked specifically by Cux-2. The patterns of expression of Cux genes suggest potential ...
Neuromodulation of in Layer II Medial Entorhinal Cortex I
... in grid spacing, we have conducted voltage-clamp recordings of Ih in layer II stellate cells. In particular, we have studied Ih under the influence of several neuromodulators. The results demonstrate that Ih amplitude can be both upregulated and downregulated through activation of distinct neuromodu ...
... in grid spacing, we have conducted voltage-clamp recordings of Ih in layer II stellate cells. In particular, we have studied Ih under the influence of several neuromodulators. The results demonstrate that Ih amplitude can be both upregulated and downregulated through activation of distinct neuromodu ...
Human Biology I - Control and Development
... Neurons use electrical signals in the form of changes in voltage, or electric potential, across the cell membrane. The electric potential across the membrane is called the membrane potential. The inside of a neuron is normally negatively charged and the outside is normally positively charged. The re ...
... Neurons use electrical signals in the form of changes in voltage, or electric potential, across the cell membrane. The electric potential across the membrane is called the membrane potential. The inside of a neuron is normally negatively charged and the outside is normally positively charged. The re ...
The Structure and Plasticity of the Proximal Axon of Hippocampal
... Dendrites are one of two types of neuronal processes which emerge from the soma. Dendrites receive chemical signals from other neurons through neurotransmitter receptors. In response to afferent information, they integrate the synaptic inputs and generate electrical signals. As far as morphology is ...
... Dendrites are one of two types of neuronal processes which emerge from the soma. Dendrites receive chemical signals from other neurons through neurotransmitter receptors. In response to afferent information, they integrate the synaptic inputs and generate electrical signals. As far as morphology is ...
Care and Problems of the Skeletal System
... Strong bones, including the vertebrae of your spine, support your upper body and head. The skeleton plays a crucial role in movement by providing a strong, stable, and mobile framework on which muscles can act. Your skeletal system also protects your internal tissues and organs from trauma. The skul ...
... Strong bones, including the vertebrae of your spine, support your upper body and head. The skeleton plays a crucial role in movement by providing a strong, stable, and mobile framework on which muscles can act. Your skeletal system also protects your internal tissues and organs from trauma. The skul ...
Chapter 15: Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous Systems
... Strong bones, including the vertebrae of your spine, support your upper body and head. The skeleton plays a crucial role in movement by providing a strong, stable, and mobile framework on which muscles can act. Your skeletal system also protects your internal tissues and organs from trauma. The skul ...
... Strong bones, including the vertebrae of your spine, support your upper body and head. The skeleton plays a crucial role in movement by providing a strong, stable, and mobile framework on which muscles can act. Your skeletal system also protects your internal tissues and organs from trauma. The skul ...
Genesis and Control of the Respiratory Rhythm in Adult
... and DRG areas depresses the amplitude of the inspiratory discharge but fails to abolish respiratory rhythm. Again in cats, polypneic respiratory rhythm is accompanied by the silencing of most of the expiratory neurons, whereas most of the inspiratory neurons continue to fire rhythmically. Furthermor ...
... and DRG areas depresses the amplitude of the inspiratory discharge but fails to abolish respiratory rhythm. Again in cats, polypneic respiratory rhythm is accompanied by the silencing of most of the expiratory neurons, whereas most of the inspiratory neurons continue to fire rhythmically. Furthermor ...
Predicting Activation Across Individuals with Resting
... observed during task fMRI (t-fMRI) in a population of source subjects, we predict task activations in a target, aligned subject. Transferring information using functional connectivity alignment results in higher accuracy of transferring task activation compared to morphological alignment. This metho ...
... observed during task fMRI (t-fMRI) in a population of source subjects, we predict task activations in a target, aligned subject. Transferring information using functional connectivity alignment results in higher accuracy of transferring task activation compared to morphological alignment. This metho ...
Paper: Neural substrates for expectation
... • Impairment of fear learning with PAG infusions was not attributable to MUS spreading into brain regions lateral to the PAG • Impaired fear learning in MUS rats was also not caused by permanent damage to PAG • PAG inactivation reduced expression of conditioned freezing in well-trained rats, replica ...
... • Impairment of fear learning with PAG infusions was not attributable to MUS spreading into brain regions lateral to the PAG • Impaired fear learning in MUS rats was also not caused by permanent damage to PAG • PAG inactivation reduced expression of conditioned freezing in well-trained rats, replica ...
J. Comp. Physiol. A
... Römer 1985; Römer et al. 1988; Stumpner 1997, 1999a, 1999b). While some interneurons with restricted frequency responses seem to connect only to a limited number of sensory cells (e.g. Römer 1985; Römer et al. 1988), others receive frequency-specific inhibitions (Römer 1987; Schul 1997; Stumpner ...
... Römer 1985; Römer et al. 1988; Stumpner 1997, 1999a, 1999b). While some interneurons with restricted frequency responses seem to connect only to a limited number of sensory cells (e.g. Römer 1985; Römer et al. 1988), others receive frequency-specific inhibitions (Römer 1987; Schul 1997; Stumpner ...
Suppression of Neural Responses to Nonoptimal Stimuli Correlates
... We simulated the reverse correlation experiment on three models of simple cortical neurons. First, a model cell whose membrane voltage depended linearly on the luminance contrast of the stimulus followed by half-wave rectification due to spike generation (Fig. 6C). The linear receptive field was mod ...
... We simulated the reverse correlation experiment on three models of simple cortical neurons. First, a model cell whose membrane voltage depended linearly on the luminance contrast of the stimulus followed by half-wave rectification due to spike generation (Fig. 6C). The linear receptive field was mod ...
Chemosensory pathways in the brainstem controlling
... Cardiorespiratory activity is controlled by a network of neurons located within the lower brainstem. The basic rhythm of breathing is generated by neuronal circuits within the medullary pre-Bötzinger complex, modulated by pontine and other inputs from cell groups within the medulla oblongata and th ...
... Cardiorespiratory activity is controlled by a network of neurons located within the lower brainstem. The basic rhythm of breathing is generated by neuronal circuits within the medullary pre-Bötzinger complex, modulated by pontine and other inputs from cell groups within the medulla oblongata and th ...
Interactions Between Premotor and Motor Cortices in Non
... grip that are necessary to grasp them.’’ Interestingly research in the years since has especially highlighted the position of area F5, the rostral subdivision of the ventral premotor cortex (PMv), as a node within this circuit. Work led particularly by Giacomo Rizzolatti and the Parma group revealed ...
... grip that are necessary to grasp them.’’ Interestingly research in the years since has especially highlighted the position of area F5, the rostral subdivision of the ventral premotor cortex (PMv), as a node within this circuit. Work led particularly by Giacomo Rizzolatti and the Parma group revealed ...
ACTIN CYTOSKELETON REGULATION IN NEURONAL
... environment. Axons and dendrites are both functionally and morphologically distinct. Axons often travel long distances, making stereotypical turning decisions along their paths. Upon reaching their targets, axons produce terminal branches, and their growth cones are converted into presynaptic termin ...
... environment. Axons and dendrites are both functionally and morphologically distinct. Axons often travel long distances, making stereotypical turning decisions along their paths. Upon reaching their targets, axons produce terminal branches, and their growth cones are converted into presynaptic termin ...
The evolution of brains from early mammals to humans
... and perhaps not completely possible. However, it can be done in ways that provide highly probable results. Accumulated findings from several fields allow conjecture about the evolution of humans from distant relatives to be ever better informed. Here, the focus is on the evolution of the human brain ...
... and perhaps not completely possible. However, it can be done in ways that provide highly probable results. Accumulated findings from several fields allow conjecture about the evolution of humans from distant relatives to be ever better informed. Here, the focus is on the evolution of the human brain ...
Tasks for inhibitory interneurons in intact brain circuits
... neuronal networks can only be maintained if the excitatory forces are counteracted by effective inhibitory forces (van Vreeswijk and Sompolinsky, 1996). These interactions are often referred to as by the term ‘balanced’ inhibition-excitation (Anderson et al., 2000; Wehr and Zador, 2003; Zhang et al. ...
... neuronal networks can only be maintained if the excitatory forces are counteracted by effective inhibitory forces (van Vreeswijk and Sompolinsky, 1996). These interactions are often referred to as by the term ‘balanced’ inhibition-excitation (Anderson et al., 2000; Wehr and Zador, 2003; Zhang et al. ...
Neuron/Glia Relationships Observed Over Intervals
... of the glial nuclei associated with each neuron could be determined. Video images of up to six focal planes/neuron were digitized, enhanced, and stored as a permanent record. For this purpose we used a Trapix 5500 image processor (Recognition Concepts, Inc., Incline Village, NV) and IMAGR, a general ...
... of the glial nuclei associated with each neuron could be determined. Video images of up to six focal planes/neuron were digitized, enhanced, and stored as a permanent record. For this purpose we used a Trapix 5500 image processor (Recognition Concepts, Inc., Incline Village, NV) and IMAGR, a general ...
Biology: Life on Earth 8/e
... Figure E38-5 (part 1) Biology: Life on Earth 8/e ©2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. ...
... Figure E38-5 (part 1) Biology: Life on Earth 8/e ©2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. ...
PDF - Bentham Open
... Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA Abstract: A theoretical model for deriving the origin of emotional functions from first principles is introduced. The model, called “Emotional Model Of the Theoretical Interpretations Of Neuroprocessing”, abbrevia ...
... Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA Abstract: A theoretical model for deriving the origin of emotional functions from first principles is introduced. The model, called “Emotional Model Of the Theoretical Interpretations Of Neuroprocessing”, abbrevia ...