Glutamate Inhibits GABA Excitatory Activity in
... possible interaction between the two primary transmitters of the brain during early development. If both GABA and glutamate are excitatory, what prevents the neurons in the developing brain from simply getting caught in a positive feedback cycle of runaway excitation that might lead to seizure-like ...
... possible interaction between the two primary transmitters of the brain during early development. If both GABA and glutamate are excitatory, what prevents the neurons in the developing brain from simply getting caught in a positive feedback cycle of runaway excitation that might lead to seizure-like ...
Contributions of cortical feedback to sensory processing in primary
... activity patterns between colored hues and gray scale objects associated with those hues, was interpreted as the result of the feedback of prior knowledge to V1 (Bannert and Bartels, 2013). The capacity of visual memory for object details is great (Brady et al., 2008); these details may be stored as ...
... activity patterns between colored hues and gray scale objects associated with those hues, was interpreted as the result of the feedback of prior knowledge to V1 (Bannert and Bartels, 2013). The capacity of visual memory for object details is great (Brady et al., 2008); these details may be stored as ...
PDF
... dye calcein-AM and images of individual neurons were acquired for quantification of total neurite length, number of branch points ...
... dye calcein-AM and images of individual neurons were acquired for quantification of total neurite length, number of branch points ...
Unsupervised Learning of Cell Activities in the Associative Cortex of Behaving Monkeys, Using HMM
... from the single cell to the complete network activity. So far, there has been no general method for relating extracellular electrophysiological measured activity of neurons in the associative cortex to the underlying network or the cell-assembly states. It is proposed here to model such data as a pa ...
... from the single cell to the complete network activity. So far, there has been no general method for relating extracellular electrophysiological measured activity of neurons in the associative cortex to the underlying network or the cell-assembly states. It is proposed here to model such data as a pa ...
How do Migraines Happen
... depression might occur in subcortical regions in certain people and stimulate the trigeminal nerves. In this case, although patients may not experience aura, the basic physiology would be the same as in those who do. Good evidence supports this hypothesis. Spreading depression can be evoked in labor ...
... depression might occur in subcortical regions in certain people and stimulate the trigeminal nerves. In this case, although patients may not experience aura, the basic physiology would be the same as in those who do. Good evidence supports this hypothesis. Spreading depression can be evoked in labor ...
Creating Buzz: The Neural Correlates of Effective Message
... they are likely to spread successfully. Successful spreading of an idea was operationalized as a message communicator passing on an idea to a message recipient in such a way that the message recipient wanted to recommend the idea further to others. We also examined two component processes that may c ...
... they are likely to spread successfully. Successful spreading of an idea was operationalized as a message communicator passing on an idea to a message recipient in such a way that the message recipient wanted to recommend the idea further to others. We also examined two component processes that may c ...
Bissonette Gregory B, Gentry Ronny N, Padmala Srikanth, Pessoa L
... will only likely uncover a portion of the story, while single unit recording may uncover separate yet concurrent roles for a brain region, difficult to piece apart with pharmacological work. Previous single unit work has clearly demonstrated that firing in VS is modulated by the value associated wit ...
... will only likely uncover a portion of the story, while single unit recording may uncover separate yet concurrent roles for a brain region, difficult to piece apart with pharmacological work. Previous single unit work has clearly demonstrated that firing in VS is modulated by the value associated wit ...
Modulation of Neuronal Activity in the Monkey Putamen Associated
... center, left) and positioned 5 cm apart, at eye level of the animal, and three bicolored light-emitting diodes (LEDs), one above each knob. A resting bar was mounted in the lower part of the panel at waist level. The trial structure is illustrated in Fig. 1. Each trial began with the monkey keeping ...
... center, left) and positioned 5 cm apart, at eye level of the animal, and three bicolored light-emitting diodes (LEDs), one above each knob. A resting bar was mounted in the lower part of the panel at waist level. The trial structure is illustrated in Fig. 1. Each trial began with the monkey keeping ...
OPTOGENETIC STUDY OF THE PROJECTIONS FROM THE BED
... train (Fig. 2A1). In response to isolated light stimuli (5 ms at 2 Hz), all EYFP+ cells generated ...
... train (Fig. 2A1). In response to isolated light stimuli (5 ms at 2 Hz), all EYFP+ cells generated ...
PDF - Department of Neurobiology and Behavior
... and troughs. Thus, for each histogram with a significant rate change, we defined the “dominant” rate change (either an increase or a decrease) as the one that exhibited the largest deviation from the neuron’s average firing rate (Table 1). For each dominant rate change, we computed five values: 1) i ...
... and troughs. Thus, for each histogram with a significant rate change, we defined the “dominant” rate change (either an increase or a decrease) as the one that exhibited the largest deviation from the neuron’s average firing rate (Table 1). For each dominant rate change, we computed five values: 1) i ...
Developmental Changes Revealed by Immunohistochemical
... cortex to examine the spatio-temporal pattern of immunostaining for selected markers of neuronal and glial development. To follow neuronal development, antibodies to GAP-43, MAP-2 and parvalbumin were used. GAP-43 is a protein linked to axon outgrowth during both development and regeneration (Skene, ...
... cortex to examine the spatio-temporal pattern of immunostaining for selected markers of neuronal and glial development. To follow neuronal development, antibodies to GAP-43, MAP-2 and parvalbumin were used. GAP-43 is a protein linked to axon outgrowth during both development and regeneration (Skene, ...
The aging brain: The cognitive reserve hypothesis
... Compared to other primates, humans live a long time and have large brains. Recent theories of the evolution of human life history stages (grandmother hypothesis, intergenerational transfer of information) lend credence to the notion that selection for increased life span and menopause has occurred i ...
... Compared to other primates, humans live a long time and have large brains. Recent theories of the evolution of human life history stages (grandmother hypothesis, intergenerational transfer of information) lend credence to the notion that selection for increased life span and menopause has occurred i ...
Directionally Selective Complex Cells and the Computation of
... FIGURE 1. Sampled motion in a directionally selective (DS) striate complex ("C") cell (cell 1-3). (A) Averaged responses to 180 upward (left bins) and downward (right bins) stepwise sequences of a conventional light bar moving across the RF, as shown in B, at a mean speed of 7.8°/sec (note upward pr ...
... FIGURE 1. Sampled motion in a directionally selective (DS) striate complex ("C") cell (cell 1-3). (A) Averaged responses to 180 upward (left bins) and downward (right bins) stepwise sequences of a conventional light bar moving across the RF, as shown in B, at a mean speed of 7.8°/sec (note upward pr ...
Normalization in human somatosensory cortex
... that the brain relies on a set of canonical neural computations, repeating them across brain regions and modalities to apply similar operations of the same form, hierarchically, giving rise to greater selectivity and invariance at each stage of visual processing (Heeger et al. 1996; Riesenhuber and ...
... that the brain relies on a set of canonical neural computations, repeating them across brain regions and modalities to apply similar operations of the same form, hierarchically, giving rise to greater selectivity and invariance at each stage of visual processing (Heeger et al. 1996; Riesenhuber and ...
State-dependent and cell type-specific temporal processing in
... cortical states shape sensory processing across cortical laminae and what type of response properties emerge in the cortex. Recording neural activity from the auditory cortex (AC) and medial geniculate body (MGB) simultaneously with electrical stimulations of the basal forebrain (BF) in urethaneanes ...
... cortical states shape sensory processing across cortical laminae and what type of response properties emerge in the cortex. Recording neural activity from the auditory cortex (AC) and medial geniculate body (MGB) simultaneously with electrical stimulations of the basal forebrain (BF) in urethaneanes ...
Saccade Target Selection in the Superior - Smith
... crucial process for the saccadic system. Cortical areas believed to be involved in target selection, such as the frontal eye field (FEF) and parietal area LIP, are richly interconnected with the SC (Fries 1984; Leichnetz et al. 1981; Lynch et al. 1985, 1994; Stanton et al. 1988), and recent studies ...
... crucial process for the saccadic system. Cortical areas believed to be involved in target selection, such as the frontal eye field (FEF) and parietal area LIP, are richly interconnected with the SC (Fries 1984; Leichnetz et al. 1981; Lynch et al. 1985, 1994; Stanton et al. 1988), and recent studies ...
The Octopus: A Model for a Comparative Analysis of the Evolution of
... as modern cephalopods began to develop (Packard, 1972). The development of sophisticated motor, sensory, and cognitive capabilities, such as excellent vision (for review see Budelmann, 1996; Muntz et al., 1999; Williamson and Chrachri, 2004), highly efficient flexible arms (Yekutieli et al., 2002; F ...
... as modern cephalopods began to develop (Packard, 1972). The development of sophisticated motor, sensory, and cognitive capabilities, such as excellent vision (for review see Budelmann, 1996; Muntz et al., 1999; Williamson and Chrachri, 2004), highly efficient flexible arms (Yekutieli et al., 2002; F ...
LEAP - Life Enrichment Center
... one hemisphere of the brain or the other. In right-handed people, Logic processing typically activates cortical columns in the left hemisphere, which then process the data in a linear analytical way, while activation of cortical columns in the right hemisphere process data in a Gestalt, visuospatial ...
... one hemisphere of the brain or the other. In right-handed people, Logic processing typically activates cortical columns in the left hemisphere, which then process the data in a linear analytical way, while activation of cortical columns in the right hemisphere process data in a Gestalt, visuospatial ...
Narrow Versus Wide Tuning Curves: What`s Best for a Population
... the same number of units in both layers, and the output layer contains lateral connections, which sharpen the tuning curves. This case is particularly relevant for neurophysiologists since this type of circuit is quite common in the cortex. In fact, some evidence suggests that a similar network is i ...
... the same number of units in both layers, and the output layer contains lateral connections, which sharpen the tuning curves. This case is particularly relevant for neurophysiologists since this type of circuit is quite common in the cortex. In fact, some evidence suggests that a similar network is i ...
Temporal and Spatial Integration in the Rat SI Vibrissa Cortex
... correct for the barrel in which the unit is recorded, and largest in layers V and VI where most cells respond to deflections of several adjacent whiskers, sometimes as many as 20 or more (see also Ref. 5). Moreover, under these conditions, cortical vibrissa units, like those in the periphery (79), r ...
... correct for the barrel in which the unit is recorded, and largest in layers V and VI where most cells respond to deflections of several adjacent whiskers, sometimes as many as 20 or more (see also Ref. 5). Moreover, under these conditions, cortical vibrissa units, like those in the periphery (79), r ...
Nervous System - Daytona State College
... The Academic Support Center @ Daytona State College (Science 133, Page 13 of 94) ...
... The Academic Support Center @ Daytona State College (Science 133, Page 13 of 94) ...
Nerve activates contraction
... •Sensory input—gathering information •To monitor changes occurring inside and outside the body •Changes = stimuli ...
... •Sensory input—gathering information •To monitor changes occurring inside and outside the body •Changes = stimuli ...
An Introduction To Human Neuroanatomy
... Myelin is a protein which increases the speed of information flow along axons. Axons are a nerve cell’s output fiber. The oligodendrocyte on the left is reaching out and wrapping its myelin-filled cell membrane around two nerve cell axons (labeled A1 and A2). In the right hand picture, we see severa ...
... Myelin is a protein which increases the speed of information flow along axons. Axons are a nerve cell’s output fiber. The oligodendrocyte on the left is reaching out and wrapping its myelin-filled cell membrane around two nerve cell axons (labeled A1 and A2). In the right hand picture, we see severa ...
Scents and Sensibility: A Molecular Logic of Olfactory Perception
... Assistant Professor in 1974 at the Institute of Cancer Research. I was ecstatic to occupy a lab and office adjacent to his. Sol had many visitors in those years, and when he felt bored in a meeting he would excuse himself and hide in my office where we talked science until his visitors finally gave ...
... Assistant Professor in 1974 at the Institute of Cancer Research. I was ecstatic to occupy a lab and office adjacent to his. Sol had many visitors in those years, and when he felt bored in a meeting he would excuse himself and hide in my office where we talked science until his visitors finally gave ...
Lecture 23. Pathophysiology of respiratory system
... • In the second stage begins a gradual decline in respiration rate against the background of deep respiratory movements. Phase exhalation prevails over the inspiratory phase (expiratory dyspnea). • In the third stage of the frequency and depth of respiratory movements decreased steadily up to a comp ...
... • In the second stage begins a gradual decline in respiration rate against the background of deep respiratory movements. Phase exhalation prevails over the inspiratory phase (expiratory dyspnea). • In the third stage of the frequency and depth of respiratory movements decreased steadily up to a comp ...