A Role of Central NELL2 in the Regulation of Feeding Behavior in
... of daily body weight gain (–1.8 ± 1.3 g/day, p<0.001 compared to ACSF or SCR; Figs. 2A and 2D). This attenuation of body weight gain appeared in NELL2 AS ODN group is due to an attenuation of food consumption, as rats in this group ate significantly less than that of the control groups (average of d ...
... of daily body weight gain (–1.8 ± 1.3 g/day, p<0.001 compared to ACSF or SCR; Figs. 2A and 2D). This attenuation of body weight gain appeared in NELL2 AS ODN group is due to an attenuation of food consumption, as rats in this group ate significantly less than that of the control groups (average of d ...
On the role of primary motor cortex in arm movement
... building a coherent model of M1. A coherent model requires an answer to the following question: if the M1 population output encodes just one thing, what could that thing be? The model we arrive at is related to earlier views of muscle-based control. It accounts for later results by incorporating the ...
... building a coherent model of M1. A coherent model requires an answer to the following question: if the M1 population output encodes just one thing, what could that thing be? The model we arrive at is related to earlier views of muscle-based control. It accounts for later results by incorporating the ...
Glossary - Baars and Gage
... action potential (AK-shun po-TEN-shul): In neurons, an electrochemical signal beginning near the cell body and traveling down the axon to the synaptic terminal. Also called a ‘spike’ or ‘neuronal firing’. See Chapter 3, ‘Introduction’. ...
... action potential (AK-shun po-TEN-shul): In neurons, an electrochemical signal beginning near the cell body and traveling down the axon to the synaptic terminal. Also called a ‘spike’ or ‘neuronal firing’. See Chapter 3, ‘Introduction’. ...
![[10] P. Paul, J de Belleroche, The role of D-amino acids in](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/022394228_1-c70b74890df8cd7f8a841431fb6562f6-300x300.png)
[10] P. Paul, J de Belleroche, The role of D-amino acids in
... where D-serine was measured using a chemiluminescence assay, in which hydrogen ...
... where D-serine was measured using a chemiluminescence assay, in which hydrogen ...
the iterative reprocessing model
... present a preliminary neural model of the networks involved in evaluation (see Cunningham & Zelazo, 2007; Zelazo & Cunningham, 2007 for more details). The IR Model of evaluation is predicated on the interaction between different neural component processes. According to the IR Model, evaluations are ...
... present a preliminary neural model of the networks involved in evaluation (see Cunningham & Zelazo, 2007; Zelazo & Cunningham, 2007 for more details). The IR Model of evaluation is predicated on the interaction between different neural component processes. According to the IR Model, evaluations are ...
A Dynamic Field Theory of Visual Recognition in Infant Looking... Gregor Schöner Sammy Perone () and John P. Spencer ()
... working memory layer, w(x), and a shared layer of (inhibitory) interneurons, v(x). The perceptual and working memory layers are reciprocally coupled to associated longterm memory fields, ultm(x) and wltm(x). A bistable looking node is also reciprocally coupled to the perceptual layer. Figure 1 shows ...
... working memory layer, w(x), and a shared layer of (inhibitory) interneurons, v(x). The perceptual and working memory layers are reciprocally coupled to associated longterm memory fields, ultm(x) and wltm(x). A bistable looking node is also reciprocally coupled to the perceptual layer. Figure 1 shows ...
Structure and Function in the Inferior Olivary Nucleus
... from olivary axons, and show that they fire in short bursts that can relay information about the state of olivary network and modulate plasticity in the cerebellar cortex. A remarkable ...
... from olivary axons, and show that they fire in short bursts that can relay information about the state of olivary network and modulate plasticity in the cerebellar cortex. A remarkable ...
Molecular Underpinnings of Motor Pattern Generation: Differential
... of neuronal firing and phase relationships in the motor pattern (Hartline, 1979; Graubard and Hartline, 1991; Tierney and HarrisWarrick, 1992; Harris-Warrick et al., 1995a,b; Baro et al., 1997). There are two A-channel ␣-subunit-encoding genes in arthropods, shaker and shal (Salkoff et al., 1992; Ts ...
... of neuronal firing and phase relationships in the motor pattern (Hartline, 1979; Graubard and Hartline, 1991; Tierney and HarrisWarrick, 1992; Harris-Warrick et al., 1995a,b; Baro et al., 1997). There are two A-channel ␣-subunit-encoding genes in arthropods, shaker and shal (Salkoff et al., 1992; Ts ...
cortical input to the basal forebrain
... for electron microscopic analysis. From this material, 37 varicosities were identified as establishing asymmetric synaptic contacts with neurons that were immunonegative for choline acetyltransferase, including spines and small dendrites (87%) or dendritic shafts (13%). Unequivocal evidence for syna ...
... for electron microscopic analysis. From this material, 37 varicosities were identified as establishing asymmetric synaptic contacts with neurons that were immunonegative for choline acetyltransferase, including spines and small dendrites (87%) or dendritic shafts (13%). Unequivocal evidence for syna ...
(< 50 m) non-transfected neurons using laser scanning
... The fluorescence images show that PSD-95 is highly concentrated in spines (Figure 1), where it associates with its ‘binders’ in the PSD (Figure S4A and S4B). PSD-95 unbinds with rate constant koff, and binds with rate constant kon. After unbinding, PSD-95 can escape the spine and diffuse along the d ...
... The fluorescence images show that PSD-95 is highly concentrated in spines (Figure 1), where it associates with its ‘binders’ in the PSD (Figure S4A and S4B). PSD-95 unbinds with rate constant koff, and binds with rate constant kon. After unbinding, PSD-95 can escape the spine and diffuse along the d ...
Perception of Motion, Depth, and Form
... N vISIoN,AS IN orHERmental oPerations, we exPerrence the world as a whole. Independent attributesmotion, depth, form, and color-are coordinated into a single visual image. In the two Previous chapters we began to consider how two parallel Pathways-the magnocellular and parvocellular pathways, that e ...
... N vISIoN,AS IN orHERmental oPerations, we exPerrence the world as a whole. Independent attributesmotion, depth, form, and color-are coordinated into a single visual image. In the two Previous chapters we began to consider how two parallel Pathways-the magnocellular and parvocellular pathways, that e ...
Chapter 2: Biological Bases of Behavior MULTIPLE CHOICE 1
... 28. Tiny sacs or vesicles that are filled with neurotransmitters are located in the: a. end bulbs c. dendrites b. axon d. synapse ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's: Remember REF: 2.3 Neurons: Structure, Function, and Communication, Textbook | Animation - Neuron and Transmitters, Online OBJ: LO5 Identify th ...
... 28. Tiny sacs or vesicles that are filled with neurotransmitters are located in the: a. end bulbs c. dendrites b. axon d. synapse ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's: Remember REF: 2.3 Neurons: Structure, Function, and Communication, Textbook | Animation - Neuron and Transmitters, Online OBJ: LO5 Identify th ...
A multi-level account of selective attention
... Not long after Broadbent’s seminal book, Moray (1959) demonstrated that selection was not always implemented by an early filtering mechanism, as he noted that about one-third of subjects detected their own name when it was inserted in the unattended stream, despite a general lack of awareness of the ...
... Not long after Broadbent’s seminal book, Moray (1959) demonstrated that selection was not always implemented by an early filtering mechanism, as he noted that about one-third of subjects detected their own name when it was inserted in the unattended stream, despite a general lack of awareness of the ...
Down - 서울대 : Biointelligence lab
... presynaptic spike trains caused postsynaptic spiking with a positive peak in the average cross-correlation functions when the presynaptic spikes precede the postsynaptic spike. No error bars are shown for this curve for clarity. ...
... presynaptic spike trains caused postsynaptic spiking with a positive peak in the average cross-correlation functions when the presynaptic spikes precede the postsynaptic spike. No error bars are shown for this curve for clarity. ...
Novel approaches to explore mechanisms of
... in adults, arising in the hippocampus, cannot be effectively treated by current pharmaceuticals. Novel treatment strategies are highly needed, as well as increased understanding of the hippocampal components and signaling properties involved in the mechanisms of epileptogenesis and induction of seiz ...
... in adults, arising in the hippocampus, cannot be effectively treated by current pharmaceuticals. Novel treatment strategies are highly needed, as well as increased understanding of the hippocampal components and signaling properties involved in the mechanisms of epileptogenesis and induction of seiz ...
Nervous System
... Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane The sodium-potassium pump, using ATP, restores the original configuration ...
... Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane The sodium-potassium pump, using ATP, restores the original configuration ...
Mouse Nerve Growth Factor Prevents Degeneration of Axotomized
... KCl, 5.4; MgSO,, 2.0; NaH,PO,: 1.2; CaCl,, 2:O; glucose, 10.0 (Cole et al., 1989)]. Following delivery of NGF, the ventricular access device was further washed with an additional 300 ~1 of artificial CSF in order to insure that NGF was not retained within the components of the ventricular access dev ...
... KCl, 5.4; MgSO,, 2.0; NaH,PO,: 1.2; CaCl,, 2:O; glucose, 10.0 (Cole et al., 1989)]. Following delivery of NGF, the ventricular access device was further washed with an additional 300 ~1 of artificial CSF in order to insure that NGF was not retained within the components of the ventricular access dev ...
The neural subjective frame: from bodily signals to perceptual
... because locked-in patients, who are fully paralysed and whose brain does not receive any feedback on action performance, nevertheless consciously experience the world around them [2]. It therefore seems more promising to turn to another type of brain –body interactions that involves vital internal o ...
... because locked-in patients, who are fully paralysed and whose brain does not receive any feedback on action performance, nevertheless consciously experience the world around them [2]. It therefore seems more promising to turn to another type of brain –body interactions that involves vital internal o ...
Hasselmo M.E. (2007) Arc length coding by interference of
... versus the other (left versus right). Figure 2A shows examples of two of these neurons (Cell r3-d4tt6-cl1 and Cell r2-d1-tt2-cl4 from Figure 1 in the article by Lee et al., 2006). The firing rate of the neuron in the stem is shown next to each trace. The simulation presented here effectively replica ...
... versus the other (left versus right). Figure 2A shows examples of two of these neurons (Cell r3-d4tt6-cl1 and Cell r2-d1-tt2-cl4 from Figure 1 in the article by Lee et al., 2006). The firing rate of the neuron in the stem is shown next to each trace. The simulation presented here effectively replica ...
The Constructive Nature of Visual Processing
... saliency, whereby smooth contours tend to pop out from complex backgrounds (Figure 25–1D). An important step in object recognition is separating figure from background. At different moments the same elements in the visual field can be organized into a recognizable figure or serve as part of the back ...
... saliency, whereby smooth contours tend to pop out from complex backgrounds (Figure 25–1D). An important step in object recognition is separating figure from background. At different moments the same elements in the visual field can be organized into a recognizable figure or serve as part of the back ...
Introduction to Psychology, 7th Edition, James W. Kalat Chapter 3
... The Major Divisions of the Nervous System ...
... The Major Divisions of the Nervous System ...
Saccade-related spread of activity across superior colliculus may
... either the SC map (the SC-symmetric kernel) or in the visual field (the visually symmetric, also called the SC-asymmetric kernel; see following text). Here the symmetry, either SC or visual space, refers to being isotropic (the same in all directions) as well as homogeneous (the same for neurons eve ...
... either the SC map (the SC-symmetric kernel) or in the visual field (the visually symmetric, also called the SC-asymmetric kernel; see following text). Here the symmetry, either SC or visual space, refers to being isotropic (the same in all directions) as well as homogeneous (the same for neurons eve ...
Organization of acetylcholine-containing structures in the cranial
... into two major groups which were connected together, and the nucleus as a whole was semilunar in shape (Figure 6b). The first group was placed more dorsally near the fourth ventricle, while the second group was located ventrolaterally from the first one. All the stained neurons showed the same, mode ...
... into two major groups which were connected together, and the nucleus as a whole was semilunar in shape (Figure 6b). The first group was placed more dorsally near the fourth ventricle, while the second group was located ventrolaterally from the first one. All the stained neurons showed the same, mode ...
Learning place cells, grid cells and invariances: A unifying model
... We study the development of spatial representations in a network of rate-based neurons with interacting excitatory and inhibitory plasticity. A single model neuron that represents a cell in the hippocampal formation or adjacent areas receives feedforward input from excitatory and inhibitory synaptic ...
... We study the development of spatial representations in a network of rate-based neurons with interacting excitatory and inhibitory plasticity. A single model neuron that represents a cell in the hippocampal formation or adjacent areas receives feedforward input from excitatory and inhibitory synaptic ...