Biomimetic approaches to the control of underwater walking machines
... animals is generated by the distributed networks of neurons in the central nervous system (Delcomyn 1980). Lobsters and crayfish served as important model systems in the development of the command neuron, coordinating neuron and central pattern generator (CPG) model of the organization of innate moto ...
... animals is generated by the distributed networks of neurons in the central nervous system (Delcomyn 1980). Lobsters and crayfish served as important model systems in the development of the command neuron, coordinating neuron and central pattern generator (CPG) model of the organization of innate moto ...
Horizontal Synaptic Connections in Monkey Prefrontal Cortex: An In
... extracellular stimulation applied successively to 20–30 discrete sites located up to 2200 µm lateral to the recorded cell. Several criteria were applied to discriminate between mono- and polysynaptic responses. Long-distance monosynaptic connections were mediated by fibers with relatively slow condu ...
... extracellular stimulation applied successively to 20–30 discrete sites located up to 2200 µm lateral to the recorded cell. Several criteria were applied to discriminate between mono- and polysynaptic responses. Long-distance monosynaptic connections were mediated by fibers with relatively slow condu ...
Embryonic development of the Drosophila brain: formation of
... fascicle is very closely associated with the interhemispheric cell bridge (Fig. 2E,F). Indeed, both the developing cellular bridge and the extending pioneering commissural axons reach the midline at the same time. As soon as the first commissural axonal pathway in the brain across the midline is est ...
... fascicle is very closely associated with the interhemispheric cell bridge (Fig. 2E,F). Indeed, both the developing cellular bridge and the extending pioneering commissural axons reach the midline at the same time. As soon as the first commissural axonal pathway in the brain across the midline is est ...
judasMRT99
... Such findings and considerations, combined with the availability of histochemical and immunohistochemical markers, have served as an impetus for the bourgeoing interest in the involvement of nitrinergic neurons in cerebral cortical development and function. These studies are opening new vistas in de ...
... Such findings and considerations, combined with the availability of histochemical and immunohistochemical markers, have served as an impetus for the bourgeoing interest in the involvement of nitrinergic neurons in cerebral cortical development and function. These studies are opening new vistas in de ...
Handout: E-Brain Manual - Faculty Web Sites at the University of
... and primate brain. The ansate sulcus in sheep is often considered analogous to the central sulcus. In humans, the central sulcus divides the frontal and parietal lobes. There is a gyrus on either side of the central sulcus, and these have specific and very important functions in the human. The corre ...
... and primate brain. The ansate sulcus in sheep is often considered analogous to the central sulcus. In humans, the central sulcus divides the frontal and parietal lobes. There is a gyrus on either side of the central sulcus, and these have specific and very important functions in the human. The corre ...
Limitations of Neural Map Topography for Decoding Spatial
... can perform face recognition without requiring that neighboring pixels in its camera be connected to neighboring positions on its circuit board. Organisms could still be using topographic relationships for decoding, but it remains unclear for most biological systems whether the accuracy of such deco ...
... can perform face recognition without requiring that neighboring pixels in its camera be connected to neighboring positions on its circuit board. Organisms could still be using topographic relationships for decoding, but it remains unclear for most biological systems whether the accuracy of such deco ...
Effect of Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity on Learning- Arc Efferent Neurons
... cells positively stained for Arc mRNA and positive or negative for PPE mRNA were counted in each field, yielding numbers of Arc+/PPE+ and Arc+/ PPE- neurons per field. In previous work we established that the field size analyzed contains approximately 1,000 cells and that approximately 7% of those c ...
... cells positively stained for Arc mRNA and positive or negative for PPE mRNA were counted in each field, yielding numbers of Arc+/PPE+ and Arc+/ PPE- neurons per field. In previous work we established that the field size analyzed contains approximately 1,000 cells and that approximately 7% of those c ...
Tang et al - Pro Aid Autisme
... (t-S6), and the autophagosome marker LC3 and p62 (Figures 2A and 2F) in frozen BA21 brain samples from age-, gender-, and PMI- matched ASD patients and controls (demographic data in Table S3). To determine the relationship between mTOR activity and density of dendritic spines, we examined the protei ...
... (t-S6), and the autophagosome marker LC3 and p62 (Figures 2A and 2F) in frozen BA21 brain samples from age-, gender-, and PMI- matched ASD patients and controls (demographic data in Table S3). To determine the relationship between mTOR activity and density of dendritic spines, we examined the protei ...
A scientific theory of ars memoriae: spatial view cells in a continuous
... attractor neural network. During learning, external inputs ei with Gaussian spatial fields force the output neurons to fire with rates ri, the recurrent collaterals produce the same rates rj as the presynaptic inputs to the neurons, and, the synapses wij become associatively modified. Many different ...
... attractor neural network. During learning, external inputs ei with Gaussian spatial fields force the output neurons to fire with rates ri, the recurrent collaterals produce the same rates rj as the presynaptic inputs to the neurons, and, the synapses wij become associatively modified. Many different ...
Structural divisions and functional fields in the human cerebral cortex 1
... This paper presents some ideas on how the cerebral cortex of man could be parcelled based on structural and functional criteria. Any parcellation is based on an assumption of what is a cortical area. Since cortical areas are thought to reflect the principle of organization of the cerebral cortex, th ...
... This paper presents some ideas on how the cerebral cortex of man could be parcelled based on structural and functional criteria. Any parcellation is based on an assumption of what is a cortical area. Since cortical areas are thought to reflect the principle of organization of the cerebral cortex, th ...
Representation of Sounds in Auditory Cortex of Awake
... After more than six decades of research (Bremer and Bonnet, 1949; Tunturi, 1944; Woolsey and Walzl, 1942) there is no consensus on how auditory cortex is defined (Read et al., 2002). Although many would agree on a definition based on the pattern of input connections and the type of sensory inputs pr ...
... After more than six decades of research (Bremer and Bonnet, 1949; Tunturi, 1944; Woolsey and Walzl, 1942) there is no consensus on how auditory cortex is defined (Read et al., 2002). Although many would agree on a definition based on the pattern of input connections and the type of sensory inputs pr ...
Representation of Acoustic Communication Signals
... pattern (Elsner, 1974; Meyer and Elsner, 1996). This amplitudemodulation signal (AM signal) is used for song recognition (von Helversen and von Helversen, 1997). Accordingly, artificial stimuli were designed to capture the most salient statistical properties of the AM signals: their typical time sca ...
... pattern (Elsner, 1974; Meyer and Elsner, 1996). This amplitudemodulation signal (AM signal) is used for song recognition (von Helversen and von Helversen, 1997). Accordingly, artificial stimuli were designed to capture the most salient statistical properties of the AM signals: their typical time sca ...
Switching from automatic to controlled behavior: cortico - lsr
... There is empirical evidence that errors result in adjustments of behavior in several ways. First, subjects can correct their action slips resulting from premature responses immediately after they have committed an error [62]. Second, subjects slow down on subsequent trials after errors, a phenomenon ...
... There is empirical evidence that errors result in adjustments of behavior in several ways. First, subjects can correct their action slips resulting from premature responses immediately after they have committed an error [62]. Second, subjects slow down on subsequent trials after errors, a phenomenon ...
Energy-Based Models for Sparse Overcomplete Representations
... statistically independent directions in input space. Indeed many, if not all, ICA algorithms ultimately reduce to optimizing some sort of “contrast function”; this overview will not mention them all. Rather we will focus on reviewing two general approaches to ICA, namely the causal generative approa ...
... statistically independent directions in input space. Indeed many, if not all, ICA algorithms ultimately reduce to optimizing some sort of “contrast function”; this overview will not mention them all. Rather we will focus on reviewing two general approaches to ICA, namely the causal generative approa ...
PLoS Biol. 2016 Oct 10.
... to precede song syllables, spike patterns are highly syllable-specific, and they occur in distinguished and stereotyped patterns prior to individual song notes. Highly similar notes in different song syllables are preceded by highly similar NIfHVC spike patterns, revealing a locally isometric relati ...
... to precede song syllables, spike patterns are highly syllable-specific, and they occur in distinguished and stereotyped patterns prior to individual song notes. Highly similar notes in different song syllables are preceded by highly similar NIfHVC spike patterns, revealing a locally isometric relati ...
Cortical projections to the nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal
... and Fuchs, 1990; Taylor et al., 2000; Hoffmann and Fischer, 2001). Similarly, lesion or inactivation of the NOTDTN leads to deficits of optokinetic eye movements during visual stimulation toward the lesion (Kato et al., 1988; Schiff et al., 1990; Ilg et al., 1993; Inoue et al., 2000; Hoffmann and Fi ...
... and Fuchs, 1990; Taylor et al., 2000; Hoffmann and Fischer, 2001). Similarly, lesion or inactivation of the NOTDTN leads to deficits of optokinetic eye movements during visual stimulation toward the lesion (Kato et al., 1988; Schiff et al., 1990; Ilg et al., 1993; Inoue et al., 2000; Hoffmann and Fi ...
Central Topography of Cranial Motor Nuclei Controlled by
... neurons and are located in highly stereotyped positions. Establishment of this CNS topography is critical to neural circuit assembly. However, little is known of either the cellular or molecular mechanisms that drive nucleus formation during development, a process termed nucleogenesis [2–5]. Brainst ...
... neurons and are located in highly stereotyped positions. Establishment of this CNS topography is critical to neural circuit assembly. However, little is known of either the cellular or molecular mechanisms that drive nucleus formation during development, a process termed nucleogenesis [2–5]. Brainst ...
adult rat spinal cord culture on an organosilane surface in
... Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634 (M. D., C. G., L. R., P. M., J. J. H.) (Received 9 May 2005; accepted 1 June 2005) ...
... Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634 (M. D., C. G., L. R., P. M., J. J. H.) (Received 9 May 2005; accepted 1 June 2005) ...
Sample
... Answer: c. efferent neurons. 34. Every one of your actions arises from a. neural impulses delivered from your sensory neurons to your brain. b. neural impulses from the brain delivered to your muscles. Correct. Your physical actions are a result of the communication from your brain to your muscles. ...
... Answer: c. efferent neurons. 34. Every one of your actions arises from a. neural impulses delivered from your sensory neurons to your brain. b. neural impulses from the brain delivered to your muscles. Correct. Your physical actions are a result of the communication from your brain to your muscles. ...
The role of nitric oxide in the hypothalamic control of LHRH and
... receptors [90]. In the ventrolateral aspect of the nucleus, the estrogen receptors have been found to be expressed in numerous NADPH-d-positive neurons (Fig. 10) [18, 97] indicating a potential role of NO in sexual behavior. The biological significance of such colocalization is demonstrated by an in ...
... receptors [90]. In the ventrolateral aspect of the nucleus, the estrogen receptors have been found to be expressed in numerous NADPH-d-positive neurons (Fig. 10) [18, 97] indicating a potential role of NO in sexual behavior. The biological significance of such colocalization is demonstrated by an in ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
... Answer: c. efferent neurons. 34. Every one of your actions arises from a. neural impulses delivered from your sensory neurons to your brain. b. neural impulses from the brain delivered to your muscles. Correct. Your physical actions are a result of the communication from your brain to your muscles. ...
... Answer: c. efferent neurons. 34. Every one of your actions arises from a. neural impulses delivered from your sensory neurons to your brain. b. neural impulses from the brain delivered to your muscles. Correct. Your physical actions are a result of the communication from your brain to your muscles. ...
166 - UCSF Physiology - University of California, San Francisco
... locations between neuronal axons and dendrites. On the presynaptic side, it depends on the proper assembly of different synaptic vesicle pools at the active zone (Rosenmund and Stevens, 1996; Schneggenburger et al., 1999; Wu and Borst, 1999; Schikorski and Stevens, 2001; Mozhayeva et al., 2002; Tasc ...
... locations between neuronal axons and dendrites. On the presynaptic side, it depends on the proper assembly of different synaptic vesicle pools at the active zone (Rosenmund and Stevens, 1996; Schneggenburger et al., 1999; Wu and Borst, 1999; Schikorski and Stevens, 2001; Mozhayeva et al., 2002; Tasc ...