Thalamocortical inputs trigger a propagating envelope of gamma
... number of consecutive 100-µm slices with AChE-positive bands, ranged from 0.8 mm to over 1.8 mm. These data indicate that the slices used here likely included primary auditory cortex. However, the slices certainly included nonprimary auditory cortex as well. These areas abut primary cortex on ventra ...
... number of consecutive 100-µm slices with AChE-positive bands, ranged from 0.8 mm to over 1.8 mm. These data indicate that the slices used here likely included primary auditory cortex. However, the slices certainly included nonprimary auditory cortex as well. These areas abut primary cortex on ventra ...
Neural Mechanisms of Reward in Insects - Chittka Lab
... Considering rewards as the strengthening of stimulus–response associations was simple and appealing, but it did not explain how rewarded behavior was strengthened. Hull (31) proposed drive reduction theory to explain motivational systems underlying reward. This essentially stated that an organism ha ...
... Considering rewards as the strengthening of stimulus–response associations was simple and appealing, but it did not explain how rewarded behavior was strengthened. Hull (31) proposed drive reduction theory to explain motivational systems underlying reward. This essentially stated that an organism ha ...
Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Autism Spectrum
... ASD (6). The underlying cause of ASD’s increasing prevalence is contentiously debated with suggestions of both environmental and genetic contributions. Other contributing factors include changes to diagnostic and clinical criteria, greater efficacy of screening methods, and increased recognition of ...
... ASD (6). The underlying cause of ASD’s increasing prevalence is contentiously debated with suggestions of both environmental and genetic contributions. Other contributing factors include changes to diagnostic and clinical criteria, greater efficacy of screening methods, and increased recognition of ...
PDF
... to a pre-existing cellular asymmetry. This asymmetry is shared between the MP2 precursor and the neuroblasts despite their different division patterns. MP2 divides once to produce two cells of almost the same size, the slightly larger one is born dorsally and the smaller, ventrally. Neuroblasts divi ...
... to a pre-existing cellular asymmetry. This asymmetry is shared between the MP2 precursor and the neuroblasts despite their different division patterns. MP2 divides once to produce two cells of almost the same size, the slightly larger one is born dorsally and the smaller, ventrally. Neuroblasts divi ...
Experiencing Sensation and Perception
... frequencies of sound. Organization in the somatosensory information is going to be even more important. The huge area of the skin makes it imperative that the brain, among other pieces of information to track, must know where the sensory information is coming from. In this section, two levels of org ...
... frequencies of sound. Organization in the somatosensory information is going to be even more important. The huge area of the skin makes it imperative that the brain, among other pieces of information to track, must know where the sensory information is coming from. In this section, two levels of org ...
Chapter 2 An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology
... Neuroscience and the Central Nervous System The Neuron Soma – Cell body Dendrites – Branches that receive messages from other neurons Axon – Trunk of neuron that sends messages to other neurons Axon terminals – Buds at end of axon from which chemical messages are sent Synapses – Small ga ...
... Neuroscience and the Central Nervous System The Neuron Soma – Cell body Dendrites – Branches that receive messages from other neurons Axon – Trunk of neuron that sends messages to other neurons Axon terminals – Buds at end of axon from which chemical messages are sent Synapses – Small ga ...
Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation Polymicrogyria
... It is agreed that polymicrogyria most likely results from insults to the developing brain in the late migrational period or after neuronal migration has stopped. The incidence of polymicrogyria is unknown but most patients with polymicrogyria have seizures and are mentally disabled. Histologically, ...
... It is agreed that polymicrogyria most likely results from insults to the developing brain in the late migrational period or after neuronal migration has stopped. The incidence of polymicrogyria is unknown but most patients with polymicrogyria have seizures and are mentally disabled. Histologically, ...
Glucose-sensing neurons: Are they physiologically relevant?
... body [13]. While the efferent mechanisms maintaining glucose homeostasis are fairly well characterized [14], little is known about if and how the brain actually senses and responds to large changes in plasma glucose levels. Finally, the brain is implicated in the regulation of feeding and energy bal ...
... body [13]. While the efferent mechanisms maintaining glucose homeostasis are fairly well characterized [14], little is known about if and how the brain actually senses and responds to large changes in plasma glucose levels. Finally, the brain is implicated in the regulation of feeding and energy bal ...
The Basal Ganglia
... subdivisions: the caudatenucleus, the putamen, an the ventral striatum (which includes the nucleus ac bens). Except at its most anterior pole, the stria is divided into the caudate nucleus and putamen b the internal capsule,a major collection of fibers that between the neocortex and thalamus in both ...
... subdivisions: the caudatenucleus, the putamen, an the ventral striatum (which includes the nucleus ac bens). Except at its most anterior pole, the stria is divided into the caudate nucleus and putamen b the internal capsule,a major collection of fibers that between the neocortex and thalamus in both ...
Tracking the Emergence of Conceptual Knowledge during Human
... was paralleled by the emergence of spatial and nonspatial conceptual knowledge indexed by probe trials (Figure 2D). Importantly, conceptual knowledge exerted a significant influence on participants’ choices during learning trials, with probe trial performance correlating significantly with participa ...
... was paralleled by the emergence of spatial and nonspatial conceptual knowledge indexed by probe trials (Figure 2D). Importantly, conceptual knowledge exerted a significant influence on participants’ choices during learning trials, with probe trial performance correlating significantly with participa ...
Neurofilament and Calcium-Binding Proteins in the
... 1995a). In particular, gradients of in the density of calbindin-immunoreactive neurons has been reported in the visual cortex of the macaque monkey, where the primary visual areas show much lower densities compared to visual association areas located in the parietal and temporal cortex (Kondo et al. ...
... 1995a). In particular, gradients of in the density of calbindin-immunoreactive neurons has been reported in the visual cortex of the macaque monkey, where the primary visual areas show much lower densities compared to visual association areas located in the parietal and temporal cortex (Kondo et al. ...
Dynamics of spontaneous activity in the cerebral cortex across brain states
... d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció a ...
... d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció a ...
The Nervous System in Lumbriculus variegatus
... Some of the fibers arising from motor and sensory neurons extend into segmental nerves, while other fibers from these neurons extend into a central region of the ventral nerve cord, termed the neuropile. The neuropile is a region where many synaptic connections are made between all types of neurons. ...
... Some of the fibers arising from motor and sensory neurons extend into segmental nerves, while other fibers from these neurons extend into a central region of the ventral nerve cord, termed the neuropile. The neuropile is a region where many synaptic connections are made between all types of neurons. ...
ANATOMY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
... Some of the fibers arising from motor and sensory neurons extend into segmental nerves, while other fibers from these neurons extend into a central region of the ventral nerve cord, termed the neuropile. The neuropile is a region where many synaptic connections are made between all types of neurons. ...
... Some of the fibers arising from motor and sensory neurons extend into segmental nerves, while other fibers from these neurons extend into a central region of the ventral nerve cord, termed the neuropile. The neuropile is a region where many synaptic connections are made between all types of neurons. ...
REGENERATION OF AN IDENTIFIED CENTRAL NEURON IN THE
... cord stump at the site of lesion and stopped elongating after 1 month. At this time, supernumerary sprouts first began to emerge from the normally smooth, rounded contours of the cell body. Based on these observations, we propose that axotomized neurons produce membrane at a constant rate. This newl ...
... cord stump at the site of lesion and stopped elongating after 1 month. At this time, supernumerary sprouts first began to emerge from the normally smooth, rounded contours of the cell body. Based on these observations, we propose that axotomized neurons produce membrane at a constant rate. This newl ...
Axon - Rochester Community Schools
... Operant Conditioning The animal learns to behave in a certain way through repeated practice, in order to receive a reward or avoid punishment. ...
... Operant Conditioning The animal learns to behave in a certain way through repeated practice, in order to receive a reward or avoid punishment. ...
The role of eyes in early face processing: A rapid adaptation study of
... According to the OSH, larger adaptation effects should be found for inverted than upright adaptors regardless of the category. Thus, in response to S2, a decreased activation should be found for inverted compared to upright adaptors, for each adaptor category tested: houses, mouths, eyes, faces, eye ...
... According to the OSH, larger adaptation effects should be found for inverted than upright adaptors regardless of the category. Thus, in response to S2, a decreased activation should be found for inverted compared to upright adaptors, for each adaptor category tested: houses, mouths, eyes, faces, eye ...
Neuropeptide-Mediated Facilitation and Inhibition of Sensory Inputs
... ms. Three trials were performed in control, in the presence of the drug, and after wash-off. Each trial was separated by a 2-min interval. This delay between trials ensured that the stimulation trials themselves did not cause any changes in the intensity of the ventral root response (data not shown) ...
... ms. Three trials were performed in control, in the presence of the drug, and after wash-off. Each trial was separated by a 2-min interval. This delay between trials ensured that the stimulation trials themselves did not cause any changes in the intensity of the ventral root response (data not shown) ...
Lecture VIII. Spinal Cord
... The size of white matter tracts (posterior, lateral and anterior columns) increases as more axons are added on the way TO the brain and decreases as axons end on the way FROM the the brain. September 27, 2010 ...
... The size of white matter tracts (posterior, lateral and anterior columns) increases as more axons are added on the way TO the brain and decreases as axons end on the way FROM the the brain. September 27, 2010 ...
Limitations in anti-obesity drug development: the critical role of
... identified specific areas in this region of the brain as central regulators of feeding 16–20. Certain hypothalamic lesions led to the cessation of feeding and subsequent death by starvation19,20. During the past two decades, two types of peptide-secreting neurons in the lateral hypothalamus were dis ...
... identified specific areas in this region of the brain as central regulators of feeding 16–20. Certain hypothalamic lesions led to the cessation of feeding and subsequent death by starvation19,20. During the past two decades, two types of peptide-secreting neurons in the lateral hypothalamus were dis ...
Citation As Published Publisher Version Accessed
... BG-forebrain circuits could utilize an internally computed reinforcement signal to direct song learning. Our model includes a number of general concepts borrowed from the mammalian BG literature, including a dopaminergic reward prediction error and dopamine mediated plasticity at corticostriatal syn ...
... BG-forebrain circuits could utilize an internally computed reinforcement signal to direct song learning. Our model includes a number of general concepts borrowed from the mammalian BG literature, including a dopaminergic reward prediction error and dopamine mediated plasticity at corticostriatal syn ...
A Pitx transcription factor controls the establishment
... selectors for GABAergic and dopaminergic neurons, respectively (Smidt et al., 2004a; Smidt et al., 2004b; Westmoreland et al., 2001), and the ETS domain factor Pet1 (Fev – Mouse Genome Informatics) controls terminal selection of mouse serotonergic neurons (Alenina et al., 2006; Deneris, 2011; Hendri ...
... selectors for GABAergic and dopaminergic neurons, respectively (Smidt et al., 2004a; Smidt et al., 2004b; Westmoreland et al., 2001), and the ETS domain factor Pet1 (Fev – Mouse Genome Informatics) controls terminal selection of mouse serotonergic neurons (Alenina et al., 2006; Deneris, 2011; Hendri ...
Cell-intrinsic drivers of dendrite morphogenesis
... 2009). The process of pruning may therefore ensure that only dendrites that are properly innervated undergo maturation (Wingate and Thompson, 1994; Wong et al., 2000; Ramos et al., 2007). The molecular mechanisms regulating dendrite morphogenesis can be broadly divided into cell-extrinsic and cell-i ...
... 2009). The process of pruning may therefore ensure that only dendrites that are properly innervated undergo maturation (Wingate and Thompson, 1994; Wong et al., 2000; Ramos et al., 2007). The molecular mechanisms regulating dendrite morphogenesis can be broadly divided into cell-extrinsic and cell-i ...
Principles of Neural Science
... highly organized connections with virtually the entire cerebral cortex, as well as the hippocampus and amygdala. Finally, a wide range of motor and nonmotor behaviors have been correlated with activity in individual basal ganglia neurons in experimental animals and with metabolic activity in the bas ...
... highly organized connections with virtually the entire cerebral cortex, as well as the hippocampus and amygdala. Finally, a wide range of motor and nonmotor behaviors have been correlated with activity in individual basal ganglia neurons in experimental animals and with metabolic activity in the bas ...