memory systems in the brain
... the foundation for a computational understanding of brain function in terms of the neuronal network operations being performed in each region (Rolls & Treves 1998). Crucial brain systems to understand are those involved in memory, but in addition, learning mechanisms are at the heart of how the brai ...
... the foundation for a computational understanding of brain function in terms of the neuronal network operations being performed in each region (Rolls & Treves 1998). Crucial brain systems to understand are those involved in memory, but in addition, learning mechanisms are at the heart of how the brai ...
Calcium Binding Protein-Like lmmunoreactivity Labels the Terminal
... a constant level of exposure of photographic film having a given sensitivity (we chose ASA 12) at different spots within an immunoreactive zone in the ICC. The metering spot is designed to cover 1% of the area in view at any given magnification (we used 100 x total magnification). Sections were move ...
... a constant level of exposure of photographic film having a given sensitivity (we chose ASA 12) at different spots within an immunoreactive zone in the ICC. The metering spot is designed to cover 1% of the area in view at any given magnification (we used 100 x total magnification). Sections were move ...
Formation of a full complement of cranial proprioceptors requires
... TrkC or TrkB receptors (Table 3). The overall spindle deficit in TrkC null mutants was comparable to the spindle deficit in mice lacking NT3, and the spindle deficit in TrkB-/- mice was comparable to that of BDNF-/-;NT4-/- mice, consistent with Trk mediation of neurotrophin actions (Table 3). Thus, ...
... TrkC or TrkB receptors (Table 3). The overall spindle deficit in TrkC null mutants was comparable to the spindle deficit in mice lacking NT3, and the spindle deficit in TrkB-/- mice was comparable to that of BDNF-/-;NT4-/- mice, consistent with Trk mediation of neurotrophin actions (Table 3). Thus, ...
Chapter 10 - Brands Delmar
... The Structure of a Neuron (cont’d.) • Receptors: detect environmental stimuli • Sensory: receive impulse from receptor site • Internuncial: transmit impulse for interpretation and processing • Motor: reaction to the stimulus ...
... The Structure of a Neuron (cont’d.) • Receptors: detect environmental stimuli • Sensory: receive impulse from receptor site • Internuncial: transmit impulse for interpretation and processing • Motor: reaction to the stimulus ...
Horvitz, J.C. Stimulus-response and response
... response may serve to provide a relatively precise timestamp for modulation of corticostriatal synapses [118,119], strengthening those striatal input–output connections active at the time the reward stimulus was presented. It has been suggested that the post-excitatory inhibitory phase associated wi ...
... response may serve to provide a relatively precise timestamp for modulation of corticostriatal synapses [118,119], strengthening those striatal input–output connections active at the time the reward stimulus was presented. It has been suggested that the post-excitatory inhibitory phase associated wi ...
Neural correlates of attention in primate visual cortex
... Neurology, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. e-mail: treue@ uni-tuebingen.de ...
... Neurology, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. e-mail: treue@ uni-tuebingen.de ...
Cholinergic modulation of cognitive processing: insights drawn from computational models Kishan Gupta
... post-synaptic sites (and is functionally related to the M3 and M5 receptors). The M1 receptor mediates post-synaptic effects of the activation of muscarinic receptors, including depolarization and suppression of spike-frequency accommodation (Dasari and Gulledge, 2011). M2 receptors are located at b ...
... post-synaptic sites (and is functionally related to the M3 and M5 receptors). The M1 receptor mediates post-synaptic effects of the activation of muscarinic receptors, including depolarization and suppression of spike-frequency accommodation (Dasari and Gulledge, 2011). M2 receptors are located at b ...
Okamoto Devel Neurbiol Review
... tion of neural circuits regulating monoaminergic systems. Fish and amphibian habenulae can be subdivided into dHb and vHb based on differences in cytoarchitecture (Braford and Northcutt, 1983; Kemali and Làzàr, 1985). The zebrafish dHb projects to the IPN (Aizawa et al., 2005; Gamse et al., 2005) a ...
... tion of neural circuits regulating monoaminergic systems. Fish and amphibian habenulae can be subdivided into dHb and vHb based on differences in cytoarchitecture (Braford and Northcutt, 1983; Kemali and Làzàr, 1985). The zebrafish dHb projects to the IPN (Aizawa et al., 2005; Gamse et al., 2005) a ...
No Slide Title
... Many visual areas are organized as retinotopic maps: locations next to each other in the outside world are represented by neurons close to each other in cortex. Although the topology is thus preserved, the mapping typically is highly nonlinear (yielding large deformations in representation). ...
... Many visual areas are organized as retinotopic maps: locations next to each other in the outside world are represented by neurons close to each other in cortex. Although the topology is thus preserved, the mapping typically is highly nonlinear (yielding large deformations in representation). ...
The role of neuronal synchronization in selective attention
... Feature-based attention and selective synchronization Attention does more than synchronize the responses of neurons based on the spatial proximity of their receptive fields to the focus of attention. Recent evidence demonstrates that attention to a particular feature selectively synchronizes the res ...
... Feature-based attention and selective synchronization Attention does more than synchronize the responses of neurons based on the spatial proximity of their receptive fields to the focus of attention. Recent evidence demonstrates that attention to a particular feature selectively synchronizes the res ...
Central Nervous System
... • An effector is an organ that puts nerve signals “into effect.” • A neuron pathway is the route traveled by a nerve impulse. • The reflex arc is a specialized path of the neuron pathway, allowing impulse conduction in only one direction. • Conduction by a reflex arc results in a reflex, either cont ...
... • An effector is an organ that puts nerve signals “into effect.” • A neuron pathway is the route traveled by a nerve impulse. • The reflex arc is a specialized path of the neuron pathway, allowing impulse conduction in only one direction. • Conduction by a reflex arc results in a reflex, either cont ...
A Critical Review of the Role of the Proposed VMpo Nucleus in Pain
... VMpo nucleus was included in the suprageniculate/posterior complex by Hirai and Jones64 and Morel et al.93 Blomqvist et al note that the proposed VMpo nucleus is located where spinal and lemniscal fibers enter the posterior thalamus. The hypothetical spinothalamocortical projections proposed by Crai ...
... VMpo nucleus was included in the suprageniculate/posterior complex by Hirai and Jones64 and Morel et al.93 Blomqvist et al note that the proposed VMpo nucleus is located where spinal and lemniscal fibers enter the posterior thalamus. The hypothetical spinothalamocortical projections proposed by Crai ...
Neural Tissue
... neurons are small and have no anatomical features that distinguish dendrites from axons located in the brain and in special sense organs function is poorly understood ...
... neurons are small and have no anatomical features that distinguish dendrites from axons located in the brain and in special sense organs function is poorly understood ...
Neural Correlates of First-Person Perspective as One Constituent of
... to differ from taking a view of the same scene from one’s own perspective (1PP). Although the cognitive operations differ phenomenally, when perceiving a visual scene from another person’s viewpoint (3PP) or from one’s own perspective (1PP), both tasks are centered on the body of the agent (other or ...
... to differ from taking a view of the same scene from one’s own perspective (1PP). Although the cognitive operations differ phenomenally, when perceiving a visual scene from another person’s viewpoint (3PP) or from one’s own perspective (1PP), both tasks are centered on the body of the agent (other or ...
Volatile Solvents as Drugs of Abuse: Focus on the Cortico
... Volatile solvents such as those found in fuels, paints, and thinners are found throughout the world and are used in a variety of industrial applications. However, these compounds are also often intentionally inhaled at high concentrations to produce intoxication. While solvent use has been recognize ...
... Volatile solvents such as those found in fuels, paints, and thinners are found throughout the world and are used in a variety of industrial applications. However, these compounds are also often intentionally inhaled at high concentrations to produce intoxication. While solvent use has been recognize ...
Basal Ganglia Functional Connectivity Based on
... a specific set of motor or cognitive tasks, depending on the cortical area that belongs to it. Modifications of this model and further subdivisions of specific loops have been proposed (Fig. 1B) (Lawrence and others 1998; Nakano and others 2000). Other investigators have divided the striatum into 3 fun ...
... a specific set of motor or cognitive tasks, depending on the cortical area that belongs to it. Modifications of this model and further subdivisions of specific loops have been proposed (Fig. 1B) (Lawrence and others 1998; Nakano and others 2000). Other investigators have divided the striatum into 3 fun ...
FREE Sample Here
... MOD: Module 2-1 Neurons: The Body’s Wiring OBJ: 2.3 KEY: Evaluate/Explain NOT: www Which of the following is NOT true of action potentials? A) They are generated according to an all-or-none principle. B) They all travel at the same speed. C) They are electrical charges that shoot down the axon. D) T ...
... MOD: Module 2-1 Neurons: The Body’s Wiring OBJ: 2.3 KEY: Evaluate/Explain NOT: www Which of the following is NOT true of action potentials? A) They are generated according to an all-or-none principle. B) They all travel at the same speed. C) They are electrical charges that shoot down the axon. D) T ...
Neural Induction in Xenopus: Requirement for Ectodermal and
... suggested that a cell-autonomous requirement of Chd for neural plate formation might exist in the ectoderm itself. At the blastula stage, the BMP antagonists Chd and Nog are expressed in the dorsal animal cap and marginal zone, in a region we had originally designated as the ‘‘preorganizer center’’ ...
... suggested that a cell-autonomous requirement of Chd for neural plate formation might exist in the ectoderm itself. At the blastula stage, the BMP antagonists Chd and Nog are expressed in the dorsal animal cap and marginal zone, in a region we had originally designated as the ‘‘preorganizer center’’ ...
Neural Control of Eye Movements
... Oculomotor control strategies: Top-down and boeom-up influences • A common feature of neural control systems are top-down and boeom-up influences • Boeom-up control à Gather parameters of the sensory signal to develop the motor command – Decoding of error signals; for example reDnal error p ...
... Oculomotor control strategies: Top-down and boeom-up influences • A common feature of neural control systems are top-down and boeom-up influences • Boeom-up control à Gather parameters of the sensory signal to develop the motor command – Decoding of error signals; for example reDnal error p ...
Inferring a dual-stream model of mentalizing from associative white
... Frith, 2006; Carrington and Bailey, 2009; van Overwalle, 2009; Mar, 2011). Although the involvement of some brain areas is still subject to debate, it is generally accepted that this highly distributed neurocognitive network is formed by the temporoparietal junction, the precuneus and the medial and ...
... Frith, 2006; Carrington and Bailey, 2009; van Overwalle, 2009; Mar, 2011). Although the involvement of some brain areas is still subject to debate, it is generally accepted that this highly distributed neurocognitive network is formed by the temporoparietal junction, the precuneus and the medial and ...
The prefrontal cortex encompasses a large and heterogeneous set of
... architectonic criteria that form the basis of classic architectonic studies, namely, density of neurons and glia, as well as some neurochemical markers for calcium binding proteins, which label distinct classes of cortical neurons and have proved valuable in architectonic studies [e.g. (Jones et al. ...
... architectonic criteria that form the basis of classic architectonic studies, namely, density of neurons and glia, as well as some neurochemical markers for calcium binding proteins, which label distinct classes of cortical neurons and have proved valuable in architectonic studies [e.g. (Jones et al. ...
Chapter 13: The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes
... Interneurons are organized into functional groups of interconnected neurons called neuronal pools, each with a limited number of input sources and output destinations. An entire neuronal pool may stimulate or depress activity in other parts of the brain or spinal cord. ...
... Interneurons are organized into functional groups of interconnected neurons called neuronal pools, each with a limited number of input sources and output destinations. An entire neuronal pool may stimulate or depress activity in other parts of the brain or spinal cord. ...
the spinal cord and spinal nerves
... The nervous system uses a series of electrochemical signals to receive information from the receptors of the body in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) regions and sends them to the central nervous system (CNS), the brain and spinal cord, to coordinate our actions. A new message is then sent to an ...
... The nervous system uses a series of electrochemical signals to receive information from the receptors of the body in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) regions and sends them to the central nervous system (CNS), the brain and spinal cord, to coordinate our actions. A new message is then sent to an ...
a review with emphasis on the projections of specific thalamic nuclei
... techniques, the essence of this second technological revolution rized as a blending of light and electron microscopic methods. ...
... techniques, the essence of this second technological revolution rized as a blending of light and electron microscopic methods. ...
Galanin in Alzheimer s disease: Neuroinhibitory or neuroprotective?
... neuroprotective effects in rodent models of neurotoxicity. These data support the growing concept that GAL overexpression preserves CBF neuron function which in turn may slow the onset of AD symptoms. Further elucidation of GAL activity in selectively vulnerable brain regions will help gauge the the ...
... neuroprotective effects in rodent models of neurotoxicity. These data support the growing concept that GAL overexpression preserves CBF neuron function which in turn may slow the onset of AD symptoms. Further elucidation of GAL activity in selectively vulnerable brain regions will help gauge the the ...