Purves chs. 15, 19 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... between an α motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates, for which he coined the term motor unit. Both motor units and the α motor neurons themselves vary in size. Small α motor neurons innervate relatively few muscle fibers and form motor units that generate small forces, whereas large motor ...
... between an α motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates, for which he coined the term motor unit. Both motor units and the α motor neurons themselves vary in size. Small α motor neurons innervate relatively few muscle fibers and form motor units that generate small forces, whereas large motor ...
The Angelman syndrome ubiquitin ligase localizes to the synapse
... Loss of function of the maternally inherited allele for the UBE3A ubiquitin ligase gene causes Angelman syndrome (AS), which is characterized by severe neurological impairment and motor dysfunction. In addition, UBE3A lies within chromosome 15q11 –q13 region, where maternal, but not paternal, duplic ...
... Loss of function of the maternally inherited allele for the UBE3A ubiquitin ligase gene causes Angelman syndrome (AS), which is characterized by severe neurological impairment and motor dysfunction. In addition, UBE3A lies within chromosome 15q11 –q13 region, where maternal, but not paternal, duplic ...
Visual and oculomotor selection: links, causes and
... correlational data from these experiments cannot rule out the alternative view that these are parallel but distinct systems that tend to act in concert. Several recent studies have begun to tackle this problem by perturbing neural signals within oculomotor structures with electrical microstimulation ...
... correlational data from these experiments cannot rule out the alternative view that these are parallel but distinct systems that tend to act in concert. Several recent studies have begun to tackle this problem by perturbing neural signals within oculomotor structures with electrical microstimulation ...
Homologous Neurons and their Locomotor Functions in Nudibranch
... homology and delineating it from analogy (Owen, 1843, 1847), although this distinction had been proposed by others (MacLeay, 1821; Strickland, 1846). In fact, the concept of homology can even be traced back to Aristotle and Belon (Panchen, 1994; Rieppel, 1994). Owen defined homology as, "The same or ...
... homology and delineating it from analogy (Owen, 1843, 1847), although this distinction had been proposed by others (MacLeay, 1821; Strickland, 1846). In fact, the concept of homology can even be traced back to Aristotle and Belon (Panchen, 1994; Rieppel, 1994). Owen defined homology as, "The same or ...
The Somatosensory System: Receptors and Central Pathways
... most of the events recorded by receptors in the viscera do not become conscious sensations, the information conveyed by these receptors is crucial for regulating autonomic functions, particularly in the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, and renal systems. Interoceptors are primarily chemorecep ...
... most of the events recorded by receptors in the viscera do not become conscious sensations, the information conveyed by these receptors is crucial for regulating autonomic functions, particularly in the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, and renal systems. Interoceptors are primarily chemorecep ...
review glutamate and gaba receptor signalling in - lópez
... connections. These connections, called synapses, are highly specialized sites of contact between presynaptic nerve terminals and postsynaptic neurons. Synapses contain a large variety of molecules at very high local densities, including neurotransmitter receptors, associated structural proteins and ...
... connections. These connections, called synapses, are highly specialized sites of contact between presynaptic nerve terminals and postsynaptic neurons. Synapses contain a large variety of molecules at very high local densities, including neurotransmitter receptors, associated structural proteins and ...
Feeding Stimulants Activate an Identified Dopaminergic Interneuron
... A triphasic buccal motor pattern, with the CPG subunits activated in the sequence S1-S2-S3, was previously described (Quinlan and Murphy 1991, 1996; Quinlan et al. 1995) and has been shown to mediate functional feeding movements (Arnett 1996; Arnett and Murphy 1991; Arnett and Murphy, unpublished da ...
... A triphasic buccal motor pattern, with the CPG subunits activated in the sequence S1-S2-S3, was previously described (Quinlan and Murphy 1991, 1996; Quinlan et al. 1995) and has been shown to mediate functional feeding movements (Arnett 1996; Arnett and Murphy 1991; Arnett and Murphy, unpublished da ...
Nervous System - El Camino College
... Impulse Processing A. How impulses are processed is dependent upon how neurons are organized in the brain and spinal cord. B. Neuronal Pools ...
... Impulse Processing A. How impulses are processed is dependent upon how neurons are organized in the brain and spinal cord. B. Neuronal Pools ...
Prediction of Subjective Affective State From Brain Activations
... state or prospective rating in the stimulus-dependent crosscorrelations between the voxels, i.e., in the higher-order statistics. An example of the latter might be that independently of the mean level of activation of a set of voxels, if some voxels varied together for one event, but not for another ...
... state or prospective rating in the stimulus-dependent crosscorrelations between the voxels, i.e., in the higher-order statistics. An example of the latter might be that independently of the mean level of activation of a set of voxels, if some voxels varied together for one event, but not for another ...
Dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum form an
... neighboring “cell” pixels in all three dimensions to generate a list of the centroids of the detected cells. To compare the distribution of cells across brains, we aligned the autofluorescence image captured from each brain to a common “reference space” and used these transformations to align each s ...
... neighboring “cell” pixels in all three dimensions to generate a list of the centroids of the detected cells. To compare the distribution of cells across brains, we aligned the autofluorescence image captured from each brain to a common “reference space” and used these transformations to align each s ...
Thomas A. Woolsey
... with these teaching aids was so positive that, even today, instruction at nearly every level now uses charts and atlases to aid the study of gross anatomy, embryology, histology, and neuroscience. Atlases have been developed for a wide range of other related disciplines, such as pathology, radiology ...
... with these teaching aids was so positive that, even today, instruction at nearly every level now uses charts and atlases to aid the study of gross anatomy, embryology, histology, and neuroscience. Atlases have been developed for a wide range of other related disciplines, such as pathology, radiology ...
as a PDF
... process input from the ARC and appear to play a key role to transduce this input into feeding and metabolic responses (1). Some ARC neurons also project directly to the spinal cord, where they innervate preganglionic neurons that control sympathetic nervous system outflow (1). Whereas ARC NPY/AgRP n ...
... process input from the ARC and appear to play a key role to transduce this input into feeding and metabolic responses (1). Some ARC neurons also project directly to the spinal cord, where they innervate preganglionic neurons that control sympathetic nervous system outflow (1). Whereas ARC NPY/AgRP n ...
Connectivity of the human pedunculopontine nucleus region and
... of the principal direction of diffusion it is possible to reconstruct estimated fiber pathways.9,25,37 Conventional approaches to tract tracing, however, can typically only trace pathways in areas of high anisotropy—that is, within white matter bundles—where the estimate of fiber direction is more c ...
... of the principal direction of diffusion it is possible to reconstruct estimated fiber pathways.9,25,37 Conventional approaches to tract tracing, however, can typically only trace pathways in areas of high anisotropy—that is, within white matter bundles—where the estimate of fiber direction is more c ...
PDF
... suggested as a model of action selection in the basal ganglia.27–30 In one version of these, called Actor/Critic models, it has been suggested29 that ventral striatal areas (the so called ‘Critic’) learn to evaluate situations or states of the world, by using a reward prediction error signal provide ...
... suggested as a model of action selection in the basal ganglia.27–30 In one version of these, called Actor/Critic models, it has been suggested29 that ventral striatal areas (the so called ‘Critic’) learn to evaluate situations or states of the world, by using a reward prediction error signal provide ...
Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Encode a Quantitative Reward
... error. Importantly, however, systems of this type do not necessarily account for all of the behavior produced by all animals under all circumstances. If an animal faces an environment in which a strategy of alternating sequentially between two responses yields a reward on every trial, then the outpu ...
... error. Importantly, however, systems of this type do not necessarily account for all of the behavior produced by all animals under all circumstances. If an animal faces an environment in which a strategy of alternating sequentially between two responses yields a reward on every trial, then the outpu ...
the electron microscopic localization of
... are invariably closely applied to each other, unless they are separated by interpolated glial tendrils. Trujillo-Cen6z (1962) stressed that mere close apposition of axon surfaces is, however, of too general occurrence within the neuropile to indicate per se synaptic contact, but closer examination o ...
... are invariably closely applied to each other, unless they are separated by interpolated glial tendrils. Trujillo-Cen6z (1962) stressed that mere close apposition of axon surfaces is, however, of too general occurrence within the neuropile to indicate per se synaptic contact, but closer examination o ...
brain derived neurotrophic factor transport and physiological
... Neurotrophins are important signaling molecules in neuronal survival and differentiation. The precursor forms of neurotrophins (proneurotrophins) are the dominant form of gene products in animals, which are cleaved to generate prodomain and mature neurotrophins, and are sorted to constitutive or reg ...
... Neurotrophins are important signaling molecules in neuronal survival and differentiation. The precursor forms of neurotrophins (proneurotrophins) are the dominant form of gene products in animals, which are cleaved to generate prodomain and mature neurotrophins, and are sorted to constitutive or reg ...
Structure of the Nervous System
... The medulla is the most caudal portion of brain and is rostral to the spinal cord The medulla contains part of the reticular formation The nuclei of the medulla control vital functions such as regulation of the cardiovascular system, breathing, and skeletal muscle tone ...
... The medulla is the most caudal portion of brain and is rostral to the spinal cord The medulla contains part of the reticular formation The nuclei of the medulla control vital functions such as regulation of the cardiovascular system, breathing, and skeletal muscle tone ...
Changes in Intracellular pH Associated with Glutamate Excitotoxicity
... than or equal to 60 sec. In addition, no attempt was made to calculate the internal neuronal buffering capacity for H+. Therefore, we were unable to calculate H+ flux rates. In order to compare the rates of recovery from internal acidification under different experimental conditions, an empirical me ...
... than or equal to 60 sec. In addition, no attempt was made to calculate the internal neuronal buffering capacity for H+. Therefore, we were unable to calculate H+ flux rates. In order to compare the rates of recovery from internal acidification under different experimental conditions, an empirical me ...
Downloadable Full Text - DSpace@MIT
... Additional results indicate that the effects of stimulating LDT and LHb neurons projecting to VTA were specific and due to driving activity in distinct populations of VTA neurons. First, animals that received intra-VTA injections of RV-EGFP exhibited no behavioral effects of phasic optical stimulati ...
... Additional results indicate that the effects of stimulating LDT and LHb neurons projecting to VTA were specific and due to driving activity in distinct populations of VTA neurons. First, animals that received intra-VTA injections of RV-EGFP exhibited no behavioral effects of phasic optical stimulati ...
