Afferent Input to Nucleus Submedius in Rats
... chosen because of the ability to restrict the size and spread of the injections (Schmued and Fallon, 1986; Pieribone and Aston-Jones, 1988). Glass micropipettes with tip diameters of approximately 10 pm were used. In each case, Fluoro-Gold was iontophoretically injected using approximately 48 PA-min ...
... chosen because of the ability to restrict the size and spread of the injections (Schmued and Fallon, 1986; Pieribone and Aston-Jones, 1988). Glass micropipettes with tip diameters of approximately 10 pm were used. In each case, Fluoro-Gold was iontophoretically injected using approximately 48 PA-min ...
Neural Activity in Macaque Parietal Cortex Reflects
... 1988). The monkey fixated a central point while a target appeared briefly (100 ms) in the periphery. To receive a reward, the monkey had to maintain gaze at the fixation point until its extinction (500 –1500 ms) and then make a saccade to within 2–5° of the location of the remembered target (the siz ...
... 1988). The monkey fixated a central point while a target appeared briefly (100 ms) in the periphery. To receive a reward, the monkey had to maintain gaze at the fixation point until its extinction (500 –1500 ms) and then make a saccade to within 2–5° of the location of the remembered target (the siz ...
Article - Leslie Vosshall - The Rockefeller University
... to cyclohexanol in Gr21a neurons. Flies that express both Or43a and Or83b in Gr21a OSNs (Or43a/Or83b/ Gr21a) were constructed as previously described (Benton et al., 2006; Figure 2E, top). In control experiments we monitored activation of the V glomerulus with the genetically encoded calcium sensor, ...
... to cyclohexanol in Gr21a neurons. Flies that express both Or43a and Or83b in Gr21a OSNs (Or43a/Or83b/ Gr21a) were constructed as previously described (Benton et al., 2006; Figure 2E, top). In control experiments we monitored activation of the V glomerulus with the genetically encoded calcium sensor, ...
Chapter 14 - MDC Faculty Home Pages
... ganglia, spinal cord gray horns, and brain gray matter – Each pathway is made of a chain of two or more neurons – Pathways are paired: there is a left and a right tract – Most pathways decussate: axons cross midline so brain processes information for contralateral side o Uncrossed pathways work on t ...
... ganglia, spinal cord gray horns, and brain gray matter – Each pathway is made of a chain of two or more neurons – Pathways are paired: there is a left and a right tract – Most pathways decussate: axons cross midline so brain processes information for contralateral side o Uncrossed pathways work on t ...
neural projections from nucleus accumbens to globus pallidus
... lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) were investigated in the rat. Autoradiographic experiments, with injections of 3H-proline into different sites in the nucleus accumbens and adjacent caudoputamen, indicate that the descending fibers are organized topographically along both mediolateral and dorsoventra ...
... lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) were investigated in the rat. Autoradiographic experiments, with injections of 3H-proline into different sites in the nucleus accumbens and adjacent caudoputamen, indicate that the descending fibers are organized topographically along both mediolateral and dorsoventra ...
General Cortical and Special Prefrontal Connections: Principles
... The prefrontal cortex has one of the most extensive communication systems in the brain. Complex networks link the prefrontal cortex with the external world through connections with sensory association cortices. The prefrontal cortex is also connected with structures associated with the internal envi ...
... The prefrontal cortex has one of the most extensive communication systems in the brain. Complex networks link the prefrontal cortex with the external world through connections with sensory association cortices. The prefrontal cortex is also connected with structures associated with the internal envi ...
Relationship of Prefrontal Connections to Inhibitory Systems in Superior Temporal
... PV and CB (Brightfield) To investigate the distribution of neurons positive for parvalbumin or calbindin in superior temporal cortex using unbiased stereological methods, we performed immunocytochemical procedures in one series of sections for each marker. Sections from one series were processed simu ...
... PV and CB (Brightfield) To investigate the distribution of neurons positive for parvalbumin or calbindin in superior temporal cortex using unbiased stereological methods, we performed immunocytochemical procedures in one series of sections for each marker. Sections from one series were processed simu ...
avian brain nomenclature forum
... cells and the stria terminalis nuclear complex (part of it erroneously named nucleus accumbens in the past; see below). It is not definitively clear at present whether a small part of the archistriatum is also subpallial (Redies et al., 2001; we will approach this point at the meeting). In any case, ...
... cells and the stria terminalis nuclear complex (part of it erroneously named nucleus accumbens in the past; see below). It is not definitively clear at present whether a small part of the archistriatum is also subpallial (Redies et al., 2001; we will approach this point at the meeting). In any case, ...
what distinguishes conscious experience from unconscious processes
... rest of the person’s brain is having another experience. Individual phenomenal experience could be generated by the firing of specific NCCs e.g. Zeki (Localization and). But this only raises further objections. Firstly, it is a claim that is impossible to verify scientifically (since we rely on a pe ...
... rest of the person’s brain is having another experience. Individual phenomenal experience could be generated by the firing of specific NCCs e.g. Zeki (Localization and). But this only raises further objections. Firstly, it is a claim that is impossible to verify scientifically (since we rely on a pe ...
Three-dimensional auditory localization in the
... (VNLL), and upstream in the inferior colliculus, are neurons whose responses are precisely locked to the onset of sound stimuli and remain stable over a large range of sound frequencies and/or intensities [47,48]. These neurons can code the precise timing of both sonar pulses and echoes, and thus co ...
... (VNLL), and upstream in the inferior colliculus, are neurons whose responses are precisely locked to the onset of sound stimuli and remain stable over a large range of sound frequencies and/or intensities [47,48]. These neurons can code the precise timing of both sonar pulses and echoes, and thus co ...
Anatomical Evidence of Multimodal Integration in Primate
... ranges of eccentricity with reference to published maps of the representation of visual space in area 17 (Daniel and Whitteridge, 1961; Gattass et al., 1981; Van Essen et al., 1984). Injections aimed at the foveal representation of area 17 and were made laterally on the operculum of the occipital lo ...
... ranges of eccentricity with reference to published maps of the representation of visual space in area 17 (Daniel and Whitteridge, 1961; Gattass et al., 1981; Van Essen et al., 1984). Injections aimed at the foveal representation of area 17 and were made laterally on the operculum of the occipital lo ...
The Prefrontal Cortex and Flexible Behavior
... neurons originate mostly from the deep layers of areas with fewer layers, or lower neuronal density, and terminate mostly in the upper layers of areas with more layers, or higher cell density (Barbas 1986; Barbas and RempelClower 1997; Rempel-Clower and Barbas 2000), such as the connection from D′ t ...
... neurons originate mostly from the deep layers of areas with fewer layers, or lower neuronal density, and terminate mostly in the upper layers of areas with more layers, or higher cell density (Barbas 1986; Barbas and RempelClower 1997; Rempel-Clower and Barbas 2000), such as the connection from D′ t ...
Rhythmic Spontaneous Activity in the Piriform Cortex
... Figure 3. Intracellular and extracellular recordings of rhythmic activity in piriform cortex. (A) Intracellular suprathreshold recording (Vm 5 55 mV) from a layer III neuron and extracellular multiunit recording (bottom trace) obtained in the close vicinity of the neuron. Note how the intracellular ...
... Figure 3. Intracellular and extracellular recordings of rhythmic activity in piriform cortex. (A) Intracellular suprathreshold recording (Vm 5 55 mV) from a layer III neuron and extracellular multiunit recording (bottom trace) obtained in the close vicinity of the neuron. Note how the intracellular ...
PDF
... mu suppression to both self-directed and observed movement, high-functioning ASD individuals fail to exhibit mu suppression to observed movement (Oberman et al., 2005). Most NFT approaches use a simple visual stimulus or game to train individuals to increase/decrease a particular bandwidth of the EE ...
... mu suppression to both self-directed and observed movement, high-functioning ASD individuals fail to exhibit mu suppression to observed movement (Oberman et al., 2005). Most NFT approaches use a simple visual stimulus or game to train individuals to increase/decrease a particular bandwidth of the EE ...
Full Text - Harvard University
... to steer behavior. In order to 'direct' actions toward specific outcomes, Hull included 'specific drives', which are guided by stimulus-response habits that are learned through reinforcement, or sHR. In his equation, the reaction potential of an animal critically depends ...
... to steer behavior. In order to 'direct' actions toward specific outcomes, Hull included 'specific drives', which are guided by stimulus-response habits that are learned through reinforcement, or sHR. In his equation, the reaction potential of an animal critically depends ...
Dopaminergic Transmission and Wake
... reuptake of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin into nerve terminals. In addition, amphetamines affect the transport of monamines into synaptic vesicles. The development of radioligands for DAT led to studies which showed that the binding affinity of cocaine and amphetamine for DAT correlate well w ...
... reuptake of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin into nerve terminals. In addition, amphetamines affect the transport of monamines into synaptic vesicles. The development of radioligands for DAT led to studies which showed that the binding affinity of cocaine and amphetamine for DAT correlate well w ...
Neuronal representation of visual motion and orientation in the fly
... point. The most prominent lamina neurons, the large monopolar cells L1 and L2 are morphologically and functionally well characterized (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Takemura et al., 2008). L1 and L2, which receive direct input from R1–R6 via an inhibitory synapse, both respond in a transient fashion ...
... point. The most prominent lamina neurons, the large monopolar cells L1 and L2 are morphologically and functionally well characterized (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Takemura et al., 2008). L1 and L2, which receive direct input from R1–R6 via an inhibitory synapse, both respond in a transient fashion ...
Free recall and recognition in a network model of the... simulating effects of scopolamine on human memory function
... Free recall and recognition are simulated in a network model of the hippocampal formation, incorporating simplified simulations of neurons, synaptic connections, and the effects of acetylcholine. Simulations focus on modeling the effects of the acetylcholine receptor blocker scopolamine on human mem ...
... Free recall and recognition are simulated in a network model of the hippocampal formation, incorporating simplified simulations of neurons, synaptic connections, and the effects of acetylcholine. Simulations focus on modeling the effects of the acetylcholine receptor blocker scopolamine on human mem ...
Contrasting Effects of Reward Expectation on Sensory and Motor
... the pre-cue ‘control’ period (the 1 s duration before the cue onset) to examine whether the neuron showed significant task-related activities. If the mean discharge rate in a given period was significantly different from that in the control period (Mann--Whitney U-test, P < 0.05), the neuron was consi ...
... the pre-cue ‘control’ period (the 1 s duration before the cue onset) to examine whether the neuron showed significant task-related activities. If the mean discharge rate in a given period was significantly different from that in the control period (Mann--Whitney U-test, P < 0.05), the neuron was consi ...
Perception of three-dimensional structure from motion
... occur in V1. The second stage, which probably includes MT, involves the reconstruction of surfaces. The large re- ...
... occur in V1. The second stage, which probably includes MT, involves the reconstruction of surfaces. The large re- ...
James Robertson
... Sleep homeostatic response not influenced by means of SD Not affected by level of arousal Rather, means of SD affected subsequent arousal CC reduced latency to sleep to control levels Delta power similar to GH SD DNM1-mediated regulation of presynaptic endocytosis and the level of arousa ...
... Sleep homeostatic response not influenced by means of SD Not affected by level of arousal Rather, means of SD affected subsequent arousal CC reduced latency to sleep to control levels Delta power similar to GH SD DNM1-mediated regulation of presynaptic endocytosis and the level of arousa ...
Purves chs. 15, 19 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... between an α motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates, for which he coined the term motor unit. Both motor units and the α motor neurons themselves vary in size. Small α motor neurons innervate relatively few muscle fibers and form motor units that generate small forces, whereas large motor ...
... between an α motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates, for which he coined the term motor unit. Both motor units and the α motor neurons themselves vary in size. Small α motor neurons innervate relatively few muscle fibers and form motor units that generate small forces, whereas large motor ...