A Computational Model of the Amygdala Nuclei`s Role in - laral
... reproducing the behaviours exhibited by both sham and BLA-lesioned rats in first and second order conditioning experiments. In particular, as in real rats, while after training the simulated sham rats react with UR (orienting) to both first and second order CS, BLA-lesioned simulated rats associate ...
... reproducing the behaviours exhibited by both sham and BLA-lesioned rats in first and second order conditioning experiments. In particular, as in real rats, while after training the simulated sham rats react with UR (orienting) to both first and second order CS, BLA-lesioned simulated rats associate ...
Migration and Differentiation of Neural Crest
... During vertebrate development, neural crest cells migrate from the dorsal neural tube and give rise to pigment cells and most peripheral ganglia. To study these complex processes it is helpful to make use of in vitro techniques, but the transient and morphologically ill-defined nature of neural cres ...
... During vertebrate development, neural crest cells migrate from the dorsal neural tube and give rise to pigment cells and most peripheral ganglia. To study these complex processes it is helpful to make use of in vitro techniques, but the transient and morphologically ill-defined nature of neural cres ...
Pontine respiratory activity involved in inspiratory/expiratory phase
... weak respiratory modulation dominated when vagi were intact or during lung inflation with intact vagi (Dick et al. 2008; Rybak et al. 2008). Nevertheless, reciprocal synaptic interactions between a variety of medullary and pontine respiratory cells could be established (Rybak et al. 2008; Segers et ...
... weak respiratory modulation dominated when vagi were intact or during lung inflation with intact vagi (Dick et al. 2008; Rybak et al. 2008). Nevertheless, reciprocal synaptic interactions between a variety of medullary and pontine respiratory cells could be established (Rybak et al. 2008; Segers et ...
ARTICULOS PUBLICADOS EN REVISTAS ELECTRÓNICAS: TRABAJO 1:
... 5-HT can also activate excitatory receptors (5HT2A and 5-HT3) in GABA interneurons (Morales and Bloom, 1997; Jakab and Goldman-Rakic, 2000) to increase a synaptic GABA input onto pyramidal neurons (Tanaka and North, 1993; Zhou and Hablitz, 1999; Férézou et al., 2002) However, despite the wealth of i ...
... 5-HT can also activate excitatory receptors (5HT2A and 5-HT3) in GABA interneurons (Morales and Bloom, 1997; Jakab and Goldman-Rakic, 2000) to increase a synaptic GABA input onto pyramidal neurons (Tanaka and North, 1993; Zhou and Hablitz, 1999; Férézou et al., 2002) However, despite the wealth of i ...
The human medial geniculate body
... [3]. Other parts (for example, the medial division) contain neurons with much broader, often polysensory tuning curves, and an unknown number of representations of the basilar membrane [l]. Moreover. the pattern of brain stem input to these divisions is different [4,42]. Thus, not all parts of the m ...
... [3]. Other parts (for example, the medial division) contain neurons with much broader, often polysensory tuning curves, and an unknown number of representations of the basilar membrane [l]. Moreover. the pattern of brain stem input to these divisions is different [4,42]. Thus, not all parts of the m ...
Signals Conveyed in the Pulvinar Pathway from Superior Colliculus
... also began with a 100 –500 ms period of initial fixation. A visual target then appeared briefly in the periphery. The target was on for either 50 or 300 ms (this difference in duration was irrelevant for analysis of saccaderelated activity, which focused on a later part of the trial). After target d ...
... also began with a 100 –500 ms period of initial fixation. A visual target then appeared briefly in the periphery. The target was on for either 50 or 300 ms (this difference in duration was irrelevant for analysis of saccaderelated activity, which focused on a later part of the trial). After target d ...
Forecasting & Demand Planner Module 4 – Basic Concepts
... function of the weighted sum of the its inputs ---this output then becomes an input to those units into which the original units feeds Semiconductors, BP&A Planning, 2003-01-29 ...
... function of the weighted sum of the its inputs ---this output then becomes an input to those units into which the original units feeds Semiconductors, BP&A Planning, 2003-01-29 ...
Temporal and Spatial Integration in the Rat SI Vibrissa Cortex
... only by high-velocity deflections of not more than one whisker and were not differentially responsive to the angle in which that single hair was moved. An important observation was that these unit cluster responses could be precisely correlated with appropriate individual barrels. More recent studie ...
... only by high-velocity deflections of not more than one whisker and were not differentially responsive to the angle in which that single hair was moved. An important observation was that these unit cluster responses could be precisely correlated with appropriate individual barrels. More recent studie ...
Psychological and Neuroscientific Connections with Reinforcement
... exhibit many behaviors that had no effect on the door, such as batting at the door or even grooming itself. At some point, the animal might, by chance, pull the chain and later, also by chance, press the lever, after which the door would open and the animal could escape and consume the food. When th ...
... exhibit many behaviors that had no effect on the door, such as batting at the door or even grooming itself. At some point, the animal might, by chance, pull the chain and later, also by chance, press the lever, after which the door would open and the animal could escape and consume the food. When th ...
An RNA-Sequencing Transcriptome and Splicing Database of Glia
... to maximize purity. Astrocytes were identified based on high EGFP fluorescence. FACS routinely yielded ⬎99% purity based on reanalysis of sorted cells. Purified cells were harvested by centrifugation at 2000 ⫻ g for 5 min. The cell pellet was then used for RNA extraction. Purification of endothelial ...
... to maximize purity. Astrocytes were identified based on high EGFP fluorescence. FACS routinely yielded ⬎99% purity based on reanalysis of sorted cells. Purified cells were harvested by centrifugation at 2000 ⫻ g for 5 min. The cell pellet was then used for RNA extraction. Purification of endothelial ...
Study on Future of Artificial Intelligence in Neural Network
... neurons that use a mathematical formula for information processing that is based on an approach for computation purposes. In most cases an ANN is an adaptive system that changes its structure based on external or internal information that flows through the network. However, the paradigm of neural ne ...
... neurons that use a mathematical formula for information processing that is based on an approach for computation purposes. In most cases an ANN is an adaptive system that changes its structure based on external or internal information that flows through the network. However, the paradigm of neural ne ...
Potassium channels in C. elegans
... 2.1. Voltage-gated potassium channels Voltage-gated potassium channels are the largest class of 6TM channels. These channels are activated by depolarization, but function with a wide diversity of activation and inactivation kinetics. In mammals, these channels are widely expressed in brain, muscle a ...
... 2.1. Voltage-gated potassium channels Voltage-gated potassium channels are the largest class of 6TM channels. These channels are activated by depolarization, but function with a wide diversity of activation and inactivation kinetics. In mammals, these channels are widely expressed in brain, muscle a ...
Sonic hedgehog and cerebellum development
... Purkinje neurons could then act on oEGL cells and in cells within the PL. The distribution of SHH protein and its localization with respect to a variety of cell-specific markers as prelude for functional studies was carried out in the chick cerebellum, as the pattern of cerebellar cell types is high ...
... Purkinje neurons could then act on oEGL cells and in cells within the PL. The distribution of SHH protein and its localization with respect to a variety of cell-specific markers as prelude for functional studies was carried out in the chick cerebellum, as the pattern of cerebellar cell types is high ...
Sonic hedgehog and cerebellum development
... Purkinje neurons could then act on oEGL cells and in cells within the PL. The distribution of SHH protein and its localization with respect to a variety of cell-specific markers as prelude for functional studies was carried out in the chick cerebellum, as the pattern of cerebellar cell types is high ...
... Purkinje neurons could then act on oEGL cells and in cells within the PL. The distribution of SHH protein and its localization with respect to a variety of cell-specific markers as prelude for functional studies was carried out in the chick cerebellum, as the pattern of cerebellar cell types is high ...
Neural Coding and Auditory Perception
... AN fibers without changing the overall firing rates [1]. We used the principle of cochlear scaling invariance to infer the spatio-temporal pattern of AN activity in response to a Huffman stimulus from the response of a single fiber. We first verified that responses of a single AN fiber to a set of H ...
... AN fibers without changing the overall firing rates [1]. We used the principle of cochlear scaling invariance to infer the spatio-temporal pattern of AN activity in response to a Huffman stimulus from the response of a single fiber. We first verified that responses of a single AN fiber to a set of H ...
Central Topography of Cranial Motor Nuclei Controlled by
... alter its segregation from the facial nucleus. We misexpressed cadherin-20 by in ovo electroporation and followed its expression by a coelectroporated GFP reporter. Cadherin-20 overexpression had no effect on cranial motor neuron progenitor domains and motor neuron number, similar to that found afte ...
... alter its segregation from the facial nucleus. We misexpressed cadherin-20 by in ovo electroporation and followed its expression by a coelectroporated GFP reporter. Cadherin-20 overexpression had no effect on cranial motor neuron progenitor domains and motor neuron number, similar to that found afte ...
The Emergence of Selective Attention through - laral
... the time increases with the number of distracters and the similarity between the visual features of the target and the distracters [1]. These results, originally used to sustain a serial deployment of a visual attention ‘spotlight’, have been later explained by a parallel interactive process. In par ...
... the time increases with the number of distracters and the similarity between the visual features of the target and the distracters [1]. These results, originally used to sustain a serial deployment of a visual attention ‘spotlight’, have been later explained by a parallel interactive process. In par ...
Visual adaptation: Neural, psychological and computational aspects
... & Victor, 1978; Smirnakis, Berry, Warland, Bialek, & Meister, 1997), and similar functional effects have subsequently been observed in the thalamus and cortex. Given that sensory neurons are capable of diverse forms of adaptation, it is intriguing to hypothesize that neurons can adapt, at least parti ...
... & Victor, 1978; Smirnakis, Berry, Warland, Bialek, & Meister, 1997), and similar functional effects have subsequently been observed in the thalamus and cortex. Given that sensory neurons are capable of diverse forms of adaptation, it is intriguing to hypothesize that neurons can adapt, at least parti ...
Application of single-cell RNA sequencing in optimizing a
... within a patient and ultimately to achieve sustainable therapeutic benefit through a rational drug combination design. The magnitude of ITH in ccRCC has been discerned in detail by recent approaches of sequencing multiregional biopsied specimens [7, 8] or single cells [14]. However, experimental app ...
... within a patient and ultimately to achieve sustainable therapeutic benefit through a rational drug combination design. The magnitude of ITH in ccRCC has been discerned in detail by recent approaches of sequencing multiregional biopsied specimens [7, 8] or single cells [14]. However, experimental app ...
Increased responses in trigeminocervical nociceptive neurons to cervical input after
... 20 min. The responses to mechanical stimulation of suboccipital muscles and the responses to electrical stimulation of the GON were tested every 10 min for the ®rst hour and then every 20 min. Electrical GON stimulation consisted of trains of 20 stimuli (0.5±1 Hz) starting at least 30 min prior to a ...
... 20 min. The responses to mechanical stimulation of suboccipital muscles and the responses to electrical stimulation of the GON were tested every 10 min for the ®rst hour and then every 20 min. Electrical GON stimulation consisted of trains of 20 stimuli (0.5±1 Hz) starting at least 30 min prior to a ...
Red calcium indicator
... Neurons were incubated for 50 min at room temperature with 3 μM Asante Calcium Red AM ester. Thereafter, the cells were washed and maintained in fresh L-15 medium for 40 min to permit intracellular enzymatic hydrolysis of the AM ester to proceed to completion. Confocal fluorescence imaging Indicator ...
... Neurons were incubated for 50 min at room temperature with 3 μM Asante Calcium Red AM ester. Thereafter, the cells were washed and maintained in fresh L-15 medium for 40 min to permit intracellular enzymatic hydrolysis of the AM ester to proceed to completion. Confocal fluorescence imaging Indicator ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.