Ch 49
... The Diencephalon • The diencephalon develops into three regions: the epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus • The epithalamus includes the pineal gland and generates cerebrospinal fluid from blood • The thalamus is the main input center for sensory information to the cerebrum and the main output c ...
... The Diencephalon • The diencephalon develops into three regions: the epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus • The epithalamus includes the pineal gland and generates cerebrospinal fluid from blood • The thalamus is the main input center for sensory information to the cerebrum and the main output c ...
video slide - Welcome to HCC Southeast Commons
... The Diencephalon • The diencephalon develops into three regions: the epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus • The epithalamus includes the pineal gland and generates cerebrospinal fluid from blood • The thalamus is the main input center for sensory information to the cerebrum and the main output c ...
... The Diencephalon • The diencephalon develops into three regions: the epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus • The epithalamus includes the pineal gland and generates cerebrospinal fluid from blood • The thalamus is the main input center for sensory information to the cerebrum and the main output c ...
Reciprocal Connectivity of Identified Color
... form a mutually connected network. In this report, we carried out several tracer injection experiments combined with electrophysiological identification of the color-selective regions. The basic question is from where does the AITC receive input and, more specifically, whether the PITC directly projec ...
... form a mutually connected network. In this report, we carried out several tracer injection experiments combined with electrophysiological identification of the color-selective regions. The basic question is from where does the AITC receive input and, more specifically, whether the PITC directly projec ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... • All postganglionic PsNS fibers release ACH • Most postganglionic SNS fibers release norepinephrine • Can be stimulatory or inhibitory based on receptor types ...
... • All postganglionic PsNS fibers release ACH • Most postganglionic SNS fibers release norepinephrine • Can be stimulatory or inhibitory based on receptor types ...
Favorable Recording Criteria for Spike Sorting
... both spikes, and (iv) no spikes. The constellation represents these four possibilities geometrically. In this problem formulation, detection and classification issues are decided simultaneously. Once classified, the time(s)-of-occurrence of the spike(s) are measured. We do not consider this aspect o ...
... both spikes, and (iv) no spikes. The constellation represents these four possibilities geometrically. In this problem formulation, detection and classification issues are decided simultaneously. Once classified, the time(s)-of-occurrence of the spike(s) are measured. We do not consider this aspect o ...
Plasticity-related genes in brain development and amygdala
... learning-related plasticity in the amygdala occurs in its basolateral complex, comprised of the lateral and basolateral (or basal) nuclei, which acts as a thoroughfare that receives sensory input and projects to amygdala output nuclei (Davis 1992; Fanselow & LeDoux 1999; McDonald 1998). The majority ...
... learning-related plasticity in the amygdala occurs in its basolateral complex, comprised of the lateral and basolateral (or basal) nuclei, which acts as a thoroughfare that receives sensory input and projects to amygdala output nuclei (Davis 1992; Fanselow & LeDoux 1999; McDonald 1998). The majority ...
7. HYPOTHALAMUS PITUITARY AXIS
... The nomenclature for the different areas of the hypothalamus and the hypophysis can be at times a bit confusing. Many of the structures can be referred by different names depending on the terminology used. Each of these two parallel nomenclatures refers to areas encompassing slightly different struc ...
... The nomenclature for the different areas of the hypothalamus and the hypophysis can be at times a bit confusing. Many of the structures can be referred by different names depending on the terminology used. Each of these two parallel nomenclatures refers to areas encompassing slightly different struc ...
Relative Contributions of Specific Activity Histories and
... side" of synaptic plasticity: that is, the implicit supposition that synapses, when not driven to change their characteristics, will retain these over time. This assumption would seem to be an essential complement of the synaptic plasticity concept; without it, spontaneous changes occurring independ ...
... side" of synaptic plasticity: that is, the implicit supposition that synapses, when not driven to change their characteristics, will retain these over time. This assumption would seem to be an essential complement of the synaptic plasticity concept; without it, spontaneous changes occurring independ ...
Nerves
... The Diencephalon • The diencephalon develops into three regions: the epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus • The epithalamus includes the pineal gland and generates cerebrospinal fluid from blood • The thalamus is the main input center for sensory information to the cerebrum and the main output c ...
... The Diencephalon • The diencephalon develops into three regions: the epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus • The epithalamus includes the pineal gland and generates cerebrospinal fluid from blood • The thalamus is the main input center for sensory information to the cerebrum and the main output c ...
Stress and Glucocorticoids Affect the Expression of Brain
... neurons (Hofer et al., 1990; Maisonpierre et al., 1990a; Phillips et al., 1990; DiStefano et al., 1992; Ip et al., 1993). NT-3 expression is particularly high during embryogenesis and may influence development of the hippocampus (Ernfors et al., 1990b; Friedman et al., 1991; Collazo et al., 1992). T ...
... neurons (Hofer et al., 1990; Maisonpierre et al., 1990a; Phillips et al., 1990; DiStefano et al., 1992; Ip et al., 1993). NT-3 expression is particularly high during embryogenesis and may influence development of the hippocampus (Ernfors et al., 1990b; Friedman et al., 1991; Collazo et al., 1992). T ...
Glucose-sensing neurons: Are they physiologically relevant?
... sensitive to sulfonylurea drugs [43]. Sulfonylureas (SUR) close the CFTR channel while ATP opens it [44]. This is consistent with our observation that a decrease in ATP closes a chloride channel in these neurons causing them to depolarize and increase their action potential frequency. Tolbutamide ex ...
... sensitive to sulfonylurea drugs [43]. Sulfonylureas (SUR) close the CFTR channel while ATP opens it [44]. This is consistent with our observation that a decrease in ATP closes a chloride channel in these neurons causing them to depolarize and increase their action potential frequency. Tolbutamide ex ...
Spatiotemporal Profiles of Proprioception Processed by
... mesencephalic neurons (MesV neurons), control the strength of occlusion and the position of the mandible. The mechanisms underlying cortical processing of proprioceptive information are critical to understanding how sensory information from the masticatory muscles regulates orofacial motor function. ...
... mesencephalic neurons (MesV neurons), control the strength of occlusion and the position of the mandible. The mechanisms underlying cortical processing of proprioceptive information are critical to understanding how sensory information from the masticatory muscles regulates orofacial motor function. ...
Impact of a deletion of the full-length and short isoform of
... binding site. Although the functions of s-p75NTR are largely unknown, some studies suggest that it is a functional receptor in vivo (Fujii and Kunugi, 2009). In order to analyze the functions and roles of p75NTR in more detail, p75NTR knockout mice have been generated. One knockout mouse line has be ...
... binding site. Although the functions of s-p75NTR are largely unknown, some studies suggest that it is a functional receptor in vivo (Fujii and Kunugi, 2009). In order to analyze the functions and roles of p75NTR in more detail, p75NTR knockout mice have been generated. One knockout mouse line has be ...
How do dendrites take their shape?
... the idea that axonal and dendritic growth cones share similar signal transduction machinery, although further experiments will be required to determine the extent of these similarities. Another possible mechanistic parallel between axons and dendrites can be found in the enabled (ena) gene, mutation ...
... the idea that axonal and dendritic growth cones share similar signal transduction machinery, although further experiments will be required to determine the extent of these similarities. Another possible mechanistic parallel between axons and dendrites can be found in the enabled (ena) gene, mutation ...
Proprioceptive Information from the Pinna Provides
... Surg ical preparation. C ats were premedicated with xylazine (2 mg, i.m.) and atropine (0.1 mg, i.m.) and anesthetized with ketamine (initial dose of 40 mg / kg, i.m.; supplemental doses of 15 mg / kg, i.v.). Body temperature (measured rectally) was maintained at 38.5°C. The head was fixed in a nose ...
... Surg ical preparation. C ats were premedicated with xylazine (2 mg, i.m.) and atropine (0.1 mg, i.m.) and anesthetized with ketamine (initial dose of 40 mg / kg, i.m.; supplemental doses of 15 mg / kg, i.v.). Body temperature (measured rectally) was maintained at 38.5°C. The head was fixed in a nose ...
Developmental regulation and individual differences of neuronal
... and genome organization, are critical intermediates for numerous genetic and environmental factors affecting neuronal functions in healthy and diseased brains (1). For example, there is increasing evidence that epigenetic alterations in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus play an important role in t ...
... and genome organization, are critical intermediates for numerous genetic and environmental factors affecting neuronal functions in healthy and diseased brains (1). For example, there is increasing evidence that epigenetic alterations in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus play an important role in t ...
2015 Cosyne Program
... they yield into cognitive and clinical phenomena. 408 pp., 73 b&w illus.,16 color plates, $60 cloth ...
... they yield into cognitive and clinical phenomena. 408 pp., 73 b&w illus.,16 color plates, $60 cloth ...
Fig. 1 - Journal of Neuroscience
... affected. This resulted in defects in cortical stratification and ectopically localized layer II–IV pyramidal neurons and interneurons. These data show that MPP3 is required for maintenance of the apical protein complex and adherens junctions and for stratification and proper migration of neurons du ...
... affected. This resulted in defects in cortical stratification and ectopically localized layer II–IV pyramidal neurons and interneurons. These data show that MPP3 is required for maintenance of the apical protein complex and adherens junctions and for stratification and proper migration of neurons du ...
Enlargement of Axo-Somatic Contacts Formed by
... 2013), over-exercise (Epling et al. 1983; Davis et al. 1997, 1999; Hebebrand and Bulik 2011; Zunker et al. 2011; Gutierrez 2013), and anxiety (Kaye et al. 2004; Perdereau et al. 2008; Dellava et al. 2010; Thornton et al. 2011; Wable et al. 2015). Importantly, although ABA is induced by the initial i ...
... 2013), over-exercise (Epling et al. 1983; Davis et al. 1997, 1999; Hebebrand and Bulik 2011; Zunker et al. 2011; Gutierrez 2013), and anxiety (Kaye et al. 2004; Perdereau et al. 2008; Dellava et al. 2010; Thornton et al. 2011; Wable et al. 2015). Importantly, although ABA is induced by the initial i ...
How Does the Brain Develop?
... In the course of development, changes take place both in the brain and in behavior. Scientists assume that these two lines of development are closely linked. As the brain develops, neurons become more and more intricately connected, and these increasingly complex interconnections underlie increased ...
... In the course of development, changes take place both in the brain and in behavior. Scientists assume that these two lines of development are closely linked. As the brain develops, neurons become more and more intricately connected, and these increasingly complex interconnections underlie increased ...
World of Children 2 Chapter 4 Physical Development in Infants and Toddlers
... The Brain Cerebral cortex - thoughts, perceptions, emotions and memories Gray matter/ top portion of the brain 4 major lobes 1. frontal 2. temporal 3. parietal 4. occipital ...
... The Brain Cerebral cortex - thoughts, perceptions, emotions and memories Gray matter/ top portion of the brain 4 major lobes 1. frontal 2. temporal 3. parietal 4. occipital ...
Projections of auditory cortex to the medial geniculate body of the cat
... visual system may reveal the basic principles of CT organization. For example, the feline medial geniculate body has three divisions and !12 nuclei (Winer, 1992), some without a precise analogue in the visual thalamus (Stone, 1983). Therefore, it is pertinent to ask how many patterns of CT input exi ...
... visual system may reveal the basic principles of CT organization. For example, the feline medial geniculate body has three divisions and !12 nuclei (Winer, 1992), some without a precise analogue in the visual thalamus (Stone, 1983). Therefore, it is pertinent to ask how many patterns of CT input exi ...
Anomalous Prefrontal-Subcortical Activation in
... DLPFC N-acetylaspartate levels, a marker of neuronal density, in adults8 and children9 with BD. Additionally, children with BD during a manic episode were reported to have increased myo-inositol levels in the ACC.10 In light of these findings, it is likely that these prefrontal areas are involved i ...
... DLPFC N-acetylaspartate levels, a marker of neuronal density, in adults8 and children9 with BD. Additionally, children with BD during a manic episode were reported to have increased myo-inositol levels in the ACC.10 In light of these findings, it is likely that these prefrontal areas are involved i ...
Central Lateral Line and Auditory Pathways: A Phylogenetic
... sound. The change from aquatic to terrestrial living was accompanied by the loss of lateral line mechanoreceptors in many amphibian species, and it was hypothesized (Larsell, 1934) that the incoming fibers of the newly evolved auditory receptors synapsed upon a portion of the medullary lateralis cen ...
... sound. The change from aquatic to terrestrial living was accompanied by the loss of lateral line mechanoreceptors in many amphibian species, and it was hypothesized (Larsell, 1934) that the incoming fibers of the newly evolved auditory receptors synapsed upon a portion of the medullary lateralis cen ...
Prediction of Subjective Affective State From Brain Activations
... Techniques have been developed to enable the information provided by populations of simultaneously recorded neurons to be analyzed (Aggelopoulos et al. 2005; Franco et al. 2004; Rolls et al. 1997a), and in this section, we extend these techniques to the analysis of functional imaging data. These tec ...
... Techniques have been developed to enable the information provided by populations of simultaneously recorded neurons to be analyzed (Aggelopoulos et al. 2005; Franco et al. 2004; Rolls et al. 1997a), and in this section, we extend these techniques to the analysis of functional imaging data. These tec ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.