Technologies émergentes de mémoire résistive pour les systèmes
... Santosh. From my advisor Barbara I learnt important qualities such as (i) Being self-critical and looking at things objectively. (ii) Pinpointing what actually matters; Barbara has a hawk’s eye, from a great height she can see a small fish in the vast sea. In other words, when you work on strongly i ...
... Santosh. From my advisor Barbara I learnt important qualities such as (i) Being self-critical and looking at things objectively. (ii) Pinpointing what actually matters; Barbara has a hawk’s eye, from a great height she can see a small fish in the vast sea. In other words, when you work on strongly i ...
PDF
... Abstract: A wealth of research focuses on the decision-making processes that animals and humans employ when selecting actions in the face of reward and punishment. Initially such work stemmed from psychological investigations of conditioned behavior, and explanations of these in terms of computation ...
... Abstract: A wealth of research focuses on the decision-making processes that animals and humans employ when selecting actions in the face of reward and punishment. Initially such work stemmed from psychological investigations of conditioned behavior, and explanations of these in terms of computation ...
studies on the development and organisation of the nervous system
... phase, that of process outgrowth is the most clearly defined. This is because all neural branching structures are a consequence of a single phenomenon, the migration of growth cones during development, a truth which Cajal saw early and fought hard for (Hamburger, 1981), and which led Harrison to dev ...
... phase, that of process outgrowth is the most clearly defined. This is because all neural branching structures are a consequence of a single phenomenon, the migration of growth cones during development, a truth which Cajal saw early and fought hard for (Hamburger, 1981), and which led Harrison to dev ...
chapter one
... A neural network consists of four main parts: 1. Processing units, where each unit has a certain activation level at any point in time. 2. Weighted interconnections between the various processing units which determine how the activation of one unit leads to input for another unit. 3. An activation r ...
... A neural network consists of four main parts: 1. Processing units, where each unit has a certain activation level at any point in time. 2. Weighted interconnections between the various processing units which determine how the activation of one unit leads to input for another unit. 3. An activation r ...
Loss of TDP-43 causes age-dependent progressive motor neuron
... Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a devastating, progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects upper and lower motor neurons. Although several genes are identified as the cause of familial cases, the pathogeneses of sporadic forms, which account for 90% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, have not ...
... Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a devastating, progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects upper and lower motor neurons. Although several genes are identified as the cause of familial cases, the pathogeneses of sporadic forms, which account for 90% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, have not ...
Stress - Neuroanatomy
... the sensory input we are receiving and puts it into context and makes sense of the information. It can then alert different parts of the brain/mind (i.e., the PVN) in order to make a response. Many areas in the brainstem project to the PVN. All kinds of sensory input reach the PVN from the “reticula ...
... the sensory input we are receiving and puts it into context and makes sense of the information. It can then alert different parts of the brain/mind (i.e., the PVN) in order to make a response. Many areas in the brainstem project to the PVN. All kinds of sensory input reach the PVN from the “reticula ...
Word doc - Center for Neural Science
... Prominent physiological features of primary ACx include short latency neural responses to CF stimuli, narrow frequency receptive fields (reflected in narrow threshold-tuning functions and response areas), and a topographic arrangement of CF representations (Doron et al. 2002; Merzenich et al. 1975; ...
... Prominent physiological features of primary ACx include short latency neural responses to CF stimuli, narrow frequency receptive fields (reflected in narrow threshold-tuning functions and response areas), and a topographic arrangement of CF representations (Doron et al. 2002; Merzenich et al. 1975; ...
- Wiley Online Library
... (adrenergic/glutamatergic) neurons also express Phox2b (reproduced from Guyenet, 2008). C, single-cell RT-PCR data showing presence of Phox2b and VGlut2 transcripts in enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-expressing neurons dissociated from the RTN of a Phox2b-eGFP mouse (lanes 1–6), including ...
... (adrenergic/glutamatergic) neurons also express Phox2b (reproduced from Guyenet, 2008). C, single-cell RT-PCR data showing presence of Phox2b and VGlut2 transcripts in enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-expressing neurons dissociated from the RTN of a Phox2b-eGFP mouse (lanes 1–6), including ...
the amygdala and reward
... region of injection, leaving fibres of passage through that region intact. The neurotoxic effect of these agents is mediated by their action at glutamate receptors and involves overstimulation of the neuron, which leads to cell death. ...
... region of injection, leaving fibres of passage through that region intact. The neurotoxic effect of these agents is mediated by their action at glutamate receptors and involves overstimulation of the neuron, which leads to cell death. ...
Okamoto Devel Neurbiol Review
... into dHb and vHb based on differences in cytoarchitecture (Braford and Northcutt, 1983; Kemali and Làzàr, 1985). The zebrafish dHb projects to the IPN (Aizawa et al., 2005; Gamse et al., 2005) and is thus analogous to the medial habenula of mammals [Fig. 3(A,B)]. Axonal tracing in live and fixed fish ...
... into dHb and vHb based on differences in cytoarchitecture (Braford and Northcutt, 1983; Kemali and Làzàr, 1985). The zebrafish dHb projects to the IPN (Aizawa et al., 2005; Gamse et al., 2005) and is thus analogous to the medial habenula of mammals [Fig. 3(A,B)]. Axonal tracing in live and fixed fish ...
Chapter 8: The Nervous System
... ions first move into a neuron and then potassium ions move out of a neuron. This is called an action potential. When the action potential reaches the end of the axon, neurotransmitter substances are released into the synapse between adjacent neurons. These chemicals diffuse across the synapse and in ...
... ions first move into a neuron and then potassium ions move out of a neuron. This is called an action potential. When the action potential reaches the end of the axon, neurotransmitter substances are released into the synapse between adjacent neurons. These chemicals diffuse across the synapse and in ...
The role of metabotropic glutamate receptors in Alzheimer`s disease
... et al. 1989). However, rather ironically, glutamate can also be excitotoxic to neurons in circumstances which there is excessive activation of glutamate receptors. In fact, excitotoxicity is thought of as a contributor of neuronal cell death during stress to the brain and in acute neurological disor ...
... et al. 1989). However, rather ironically, glutamate can also be excitotoxic to neurons in circumstances which there is excessive activation of glutamate receptors. In fact, excitotoxicity is thought of as a contributor of neuronal cell death during stress to the brain and in acute neurological disor ...
Chapter 8: The Nervous System
... ions first move into a neuron and then potassium ions move out of a neuron. This is called an action potential. When the action potential reaches the end of the axon, neurotransmitter substances are released into the synapse between adjacent neurons. These chemicals diffuse across the synapse and in ...
... ions first move into a neuron and then potassium ions move out of a neuron. This is called an action potential. When the action potential reaches the end of the axon, neurotransmitter substances are released into the synapse between adjacent neurons. These chemicals diffuse across the synapse and in ...
The Role of Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Decision Making
... 2005; Volz et al. 2006), reinforcement learning, or choice tasks (reviewed in O’Doherty 2004; Montague et al. 2006). However, both single-unit and fMRI studies have found that many other areas of the brain, including midbrain nuclei, striatum, parietal cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex also ...
... 2005; Volz et al. 2006), reinforcement learning, or choice tasks (reviewed in O’Doherty 2004; Montague et al. 2006). However, both single-unit and fMRI studies have found that many other areas of the brain, including midbrain nuclei, striatum, parietal cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex also ...
Estrogen Actions Throughout the Brain
... possible the demonstration of synapse formation by labeling and quantifying the specific synaptic and dendritic molecules involved. Although NMDA receptor activation is required for synapse formation, inhibitory interneurons may play a pivotal role as they express nuclear estrogen receptor-alpha (ER ...
... possible the demonstration of synapse formation by labeling and quantifying the specific synaptic and dendritic molecules involved. Although NMDA receptor activation is required for synapse formation, inhibitory interneurons may play a pivotal role as they express nuclear estrogen receptor-alpha (ER ...
Neuronal activity in human primary visual cortex correlates with
... later visual areas may reinforce the neuronal representations of coherent percepts, just as they do during normal vision (see page 1812 of ref. 9 for a similar proposal). This proposal includes both early- and late-stage contributions to rivalry, thereby reconciling the perceptual data previously in ...
... later visual areas may reinforce the neuronal representations of coherent percepts, just as they do during normal vision (see page 1812 of ref. 9 for a similar proposal). This proposal includes both early- and late-stage contributions to rivalry, thereby reconciling the perceptual data previously in ...
Calcium-Independent Afterdepolarization Regulated by Serotonin in
... polarization and that there is a significant portion of the ADP that does not depend on calcium influx. Whereas previous studies found that intracellular calcium chelation could block the ADP (Luthi and McCormick 1998), we found that a strong ADP survived even after buffering intracellular calcium a ...
... polarization and that there is a significant portion of the ADP that does not depend on calcium influx. Whereas previous studies found that intracellular calcium chelation could block the ADP (Luthi and McCormick 1998), we found that a strong ADP survived even after buffering intracellular calcium a ...
Relationship between muscle output and functional MRI
... 1996; Thickbroom et al. 1998). Furthermore, electromyograms (EMG) have not been recorded concurrently with force and fMRI in any of these studies. Without EMG data, the muscle activation level cannot be assessed with high confidence based on force information alone, as joint force is determined by b ...
... 1996; Thickbroom et al. 1998). Furthermore, electromyograms (EMG) have not been recorded concurrently with force and fMRI in any of these studies. Without EMG data, the muscle activation level cannot be assessed with high confidence based on force information alone, as joint force is determined by b ...
MR Imaging–Detectable Metabolic Alterations in Attention Deficit
... be useful in tracking the progress of a neurologic and/or psychiatric disease in longitudinal studies. Several metabolism alterations have indeed been detected in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia,18 depression, bipolar disorder,19 and autism spectrum disorder.20 Recent MR spectroscopy stu ...
... be useful in tracking the progress of a neurologic and/or psychiatric disease in longitudinal studies. Several metabolism alterations have indeed been detected in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia,18 depression, bipolar disorder,19 and autism spectrum disorder.20 Recent MR spectroscopy stu ...
Mechanisms for Stable, Robust, and Adaptive Development of
... where i iterates over all n data points (pixels in the imaging frame), Fi is the final orientation preference value for the neural unit corresponding to pixel i, and Oi is the corresponding preference value at an earlier age. The blue lines with round markers in Figure 2A show the results of this ca ...
... where i iterates over all n data points (pixels in the imaging frame), Fi is the final orientation preference value for the neural unit corresponding to pixel i, and Oi is the corresponding preference value at an earlier age. The blue lines with round markers in Figure 2A show the results of this ca ...
Review Reward, Motivation, and Reinforcement Learning
... unreasonable. We review the data and consider the involvement of a rich collection of different neural systems in various aspects of these forms of conditioning. Dopamine plays a pivotal, but complicated, role. Behavioral psychologists have long made a set of distinctions between classical/Pavlovian ...
... unreasonable. We review the data and consider the involvement of a rich collection of different neural systems in various aspects of these forms of conditioning. Dopamine plays a pivotal, but complicated, role. Behavioral psychologists have long made a set of distinctions between classical/Pavlovian ...
THESIS D - Krishikosh
... College, Nagpur for their suggestions and guidance as and when required. I was fortunate to get devoted and selfless help from my departmental colleagues Dr. Sirsikar, Dr. Gedam, Dr. Sukhdeve, Sriniwas, Khandate, Pawan Kawareti and Jigyasa Rana at various stages of my research work and my post gradu ...
... College, Nagpur for their suggestions and guidance as and when required. I was fortunate to get devoted and selfless help from my departmental colleagues Dr. Sirsikar, Dr. Gedam, Dr. Sukhdeve, Sriniwas, Khandate, Pawan Kawareti and Jigyasa Rana at various stages of my research work and my post gradu ...
The representation of Kanizsa illusory contours in the monkey
... Stimulus reduction is an effective way to study visual performance. Cues such as surface characteristics, colour and inner lines can be removed from stimuli, revealing how the change affects recognition and neural processing. An extreme reduction is the removal of the very stimulus, defining it with ...
... Stimulus reduction is an effective way to study visual performance. Cues such as surface characteristics, colour and inner lines can be removed from stimuli, revealing how the change affects recognition and neural processing. An extreme reduction is the removal of the very stimulus, defining it with ...
Adaptive Gain and Optimal Performance
... system plays a more complex and specific role in the control of behavior than investigators previously thought. We review neurophysiological and modeling studies in monkey that support a new theory of LC-NE function. LC neurons exhibit two modes of activity, phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is ...
... system plays a more complex and specific role in the control of behavior than investigators previously thought. We review neurophysiological and modeling studies in monkey that support a new theory of LC-NE function. LC neurons exhibit two modes of activity, phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is ...
The Distribution of Tyrosine Hydroxylase
... Comparison of these distribution patterns with those produced by an antiserum directed against dopamine-&hydroxylase (DBH), a specific marker of neocortical noradrenergic axons, revealed marked differences. DBH-immunoreactive fibers were observed in some cortical locations where few or no TH-labeled ...
... Comparison of these distribution patterns with those produced by an antiserum directed against dopamine-&hydroxylase (DBH), a specific marker of neocortical noradrenergic axons, revealed marked differences. DBH-immunoreactive fibers were observed in some cortical locations where few or no TH-labeled ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.