Motor Cortex Neural Correlates of Output Kinematics and Kinetics
... The monkeys generated a force ramp in the indicated direction in the horizontal plane to move the cursor into the peripheral target, and held it there for 2 s to receive a liquid reward (Fig. 2A). The animals generated force ramps aimed at each target from their onset, and did not initially relax th ...
... The monkeys generated a force ramp in the indicated direction in the horizontal plane to move the cursor into the peripheral target, and held it there for 2 s to receive a liquid reward (Fig. 2A). The animals generated force ramps aimed at each target from their onset, and did not initially relax th ...
Cell-intrinsic drivers of dendrite morphogenesis
... arborization (da). They are located along the body wall, where they serve as touch receptors and proprioceptors. Optic tectal neurons. Xenopus optic tectal neurons receive and integrate visual as well as auditory, somatosensory and vestibular inputs. In addition to electrophysiological analyses, the ...
... arborization (da). They are located along the body wall, where they serve as touch receptors and proprioceptors. Optic tectal neurons. Xenopus optic tectal neurons receive and integrate visual as well as auditory, somatosensory and vestibular inputs. In addition to electrophysiological analyses, the ...
associations
... Local mechanism: By its very nature, a synapse is the transmission site where information-bearing signals are in spationtemporal contiguity. This locally available information is used by the synapse to produce a local modification that is input specific; ...
... Local mechanism: By its very nature, a synapse is the transmission site where information-bearing signals are in spationtemporal contiguity. This locally available information is used by the synapse to produce a local modification that is input specific; ...
Filamentous contacts: the ultrastructure and three
... &p.1:Abstract. Filamentous contacts are non-synaptic interneuronal junctions characteristic of thalamic relay nuclei. Symmetrical filamentous contacts occur between two dendrites, two somata or a dendrite and a soma; asymmetrical filamentous contacts occur between axon terminals and dendrites, or oc ...
... &p.1:Abstract. Filamentous contacts are non-synaptic interneuronal junctions characteristic of thalamic relay nuclei. Symmetrical filamentous contacts occur between two dendrites, two somata or a dendrite and a soma; asymmetrical filamentous contacts occur between axon terminals and dendrites, or oc ...
The Molecular Basis of Odor Coding in the Drosophila Antenna
... To further confirm the apparent matches between receptors and ORNs, we represented the tuning of the 24 receptors and the 13 ORNs as vectors in 10-dimensional space, with the dimensions of the space corresponding to the response magnitudes for the 10 volatile test odorants. We then compared the vect ...
... To further confirm the apparent matches between receptors and ORNs, we represented the tuning of the 24 receptors and the 13 ORNs as vectors in 10-dimensional space, with the dimensions of the space corresponding to the response magnitudes for the 10 volatile test odorants. We then compared the vect ...
download file
... This dissertation was produced in accordance with guidelines which permit the inclusion as part of the dissertation the text of an original paper or papers submitted for publication. The dissertation must still conform to all other requirements explained in the “Guide for Preparation of Master’s The ...
... This dissertation was produced in accordance with guidelines which permit the inclusion as part of the dissertation the text of an original paper or papers submitted for publication. The dissertation must still conform to all other requirements explained in the “Guide for Preparation of Master’s The ...
Frontal Eye Field Sends Delay Activity Related to Movement
... may contribute to a variety of functions, including motor planning, working memory, and visual perception, as is suggested by lesion and recording studies. Ablation or reversible inactivation of the FEF or other prefrontal regions profoundly disrupts movements made toward remembered stimuli and also ...
... may contribute to a variety of functions, including motor planning, working memory, and visual perception, as is suggested by lesion and recording studies. Ablation or reversible inactivation of the FEF or other prefrontal regions profoundly disrupts movements made toward remembered stimuli and also ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
... Topic: Genetics and Inheritance Skill: Factual Objective: 2.1 Answer: b. 21st 21. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Down syndrome? a. reliance on others to meet one’s basic needs b. mental retardation c. behavior that is modifiable through training d. an extra chromosome in the 23rd ...
... Topic: Genetics and Inheritance Skill: Factual Objective: 2.1 Answer: b. 21st 21. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Down syndrome? a. reliance on others to meet one’s basic needs b. mental retardation c. behavior that is modifiable through training d. an extra chromosome in the 23rd ...
Postnatal Development of the Corticospinal Tract in the Reeler Mouse
... Corticospinal tract (CST) neurons are located in layer V of the motor cortex, and send their axons to the spinal motoneurons, directly (5, 23) or indirectly (2, 35). The CST forms the longest axonal projection in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). The development of CST axons is the latest ...
... Corticospinal tract (CST) neurons are located in layer V of the motor cortex, and send their axons to the spinal motoneurons, directly (5, 23) or indirectly (2, 35). The CST forms the longest axonal projection in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). The development of CST axons is the latest ...
Columbia`s psychology
... ETKIN AND WAGER TABLE 1. Summary of the Included Studies for the Meta-Analysis of Functional Neuroimaging Studies in PTSD, Social Anxiety Disorder, and Specific Phobiaa (continued) ...
... ETKIN AND WAGER TABLE 1. Summary of the Included Studies for the Meta-Analysis of Functional Neuroimaging Studies in PTSD, Social Anxiety Disorder, and Specific Phobiaa (continued) ...
Carlsson J Neurosci 2007 (pdf 2,2 MB)
... monitored in rotometer bowls, and the animals’ right and left 90° body turns were recorded using a computerized hardware and a specialized software (AccuScan Instrument, Columbus, OH). In all cases, the testing sessions were performed over 90 min, and the data are expressed as total net full-body tu ...
... monitored in rotometer bowls, and the animals’ right and left 90° body turns were recorded using a computerized hardware and a specialized software (AccuScan Instrument, Columbus, OH). In all cases, the testing sessions were performed over 90 min, and the data are expressed as total net full-body tu ...
Branching out: mechanisms of dendritic arborization
... of class I dendritic arborization neurons33. One of these transcription factors, the BTB–zinc finger protein Abrupt, is expressed only in Class I dendritic arborization neurons. When Abrupt is ectopically expressed in class II, III or IV dendritic arborization neurons, it reduces their dendrite size ...
... of class I dendritic arborization neurons33. One of these transcription factors, the BTB–zinc finger protein Abrupt, is expressed only in Class I dendritic arborization neurons. When Abrupt is ectopically expressed in class II, III or IV dendritic arborization neurons, it reduces their dendrite size ...
Circadian and histaminergic regulation of the sleep
... histamine into the basal forebrain region caused a significant increase in the high θ- and γrange power throughout infusion period, but the δ-wave activity during non-rapid eye movement slow-wave sleep remained similar to those of the control. We conclude from our data that the circadian process may ...
... histamine into the basal forebrain region caused a significant increase in the high θ- and γrange power throughout infusion period, but the δ-wave activity during non-rapid eye movement slow-wave sleep remained similar to those of the control. We conclude from our data that the circadian process may ...
α-Synuclein and dopamine at the crossroads of Parkinson`s disease
... Moving to dopaminergic neurons, an increased rate of refilling of the readily releasable pool has been reported in mice lacking α-synuclein [52]. This result is in line with an increase in recovery from paired-pulse depression (PPD) that has been reported in striatal slices in one study [44], althou ...
... Moving to dopaminergic neurons, an increased rate of refilling of the readily releasable pool has been reported in mice lacking α-synuclein [52]. This result is in line with an increase in recovery from paired-pulse depression (PPD) that has been reported in striatal slices in one study [44], althou ...
Experimental Models of Parkinson`s Disease: Insights from Many
... Abstract: Toxin-induced and genetic experimental models have been invaluable in investigating idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD). The neurotoxins—reserpine, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), and methamphetamine—have been used to develop parkinsonian mod ...
... Abstract: Toxin-induced and genetic experimental models have been invaluable in investigating idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD). The neurotoxins—reserpine, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), and methamphetamine—have been used to develop parkinsonian mod ...
Here - Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience
... retrieval of spatial scenes as well as some aspects of spatial navigation, imagery, and planning. We then implement the key components of this structure in a neurophysiologically plausible simulation, to provide a quantitative model relating behavior to the actions of networks of neurons. We provide ...
... retrieval of spatial scenes as well as some aspects of spatial navigation, imagery, and planning. We then implement the key components of this structure in a neurophysiologically plausible simulation, to provide a quantitative model relating behavior to the actions of networks of neurons. We provide ...
Principles of Neural Science - Weizmann Institute of Science
... Unlike feedback systems, feed-forward control acts in advance of certain perturbations. When we enter a house we can immediately light a fire or close the windows to prevent becoming cold. This form of control is often referred to as open loop control to emphasize that feedback sensory signals do no ...
... Unlike feedback systems, feed-forward control acts in advance of certain perturbations. When we enter a house we can immediately light a fire or close the windows to prevent becoming cold. This form of control is often referred to as open loop control to emphasize that feedback sensory signals do no ...
Cell migration in the developing rodent olfactory system
... the olfactory system has two distinct components: the main olfactory system, which is responsible for the sense of smell, and the vomeronasal system (VNS; also called the accessory olfactory system), which is essential for pheromone-based communication [16, 17]. These systems are tuned to discrimina ...
... the olfactory system has two distinct components: the main olfactory system, which is responsible for the sense of smell, and the vomeronasal system (VNS; also called the accessory olfactory system), which is essential for pheromone-based communication [16, 17]. These systems are tuned to discrimina ...
Unit4Jeopardy
... DAILY DOUBLE!!!! • ANSWER: If I didn’t have this neurotransmitter working, my neurons would get really tired of firing. ...
... DAILY DOUBLE!!!! • ANSWER: If I didn’t have this neurotransmitter working, my neurons would get really tired of firing. ...
Nicotine excites hypothalamic arcuate anorexigenic
... 1 M ACh evoked a membrane depolarization of 3.2 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, left) and 100 M ACh evoked a depolarization of 8.8 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, right). We then studied the pharmacology of the nicotine receptors in POMC neurons. The experiments were conducted in the presence of TTX (0.5 M). ...
... 1 M ACh evoked a membrane depolarization of 3.2 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, left) and 100 M ACh evoked a depolarization of 8.8 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, right). We then studied the pharmacology of the nicotine receptors in POMC neurons. The experiments were conducted in the presence of TTX (0.5 M). ...
- The Human Brain
... A specific function hardly can be assigned to any individual nucleus of the basal ganglia complex . Indeed, information about functional properties should be gained from anatomical studies (fibre connections), experiments (abla tion, stimulation), biochemical evaluation and clinico-pathological obse ...
... A specific function hardly can be assigned to any individual nucleus of the basal ganglia complex . Indeed, information about functional properties should be gained from anatomical studies (fibre connections), experiments (abla tion, stimulation), biochemical evaluation and clinico-pathological obse ...
USF Hyperbaric Biomedical Research Laboratory
... (normobaria) and high barometric pressures (hyperbaria). Altered pressure environments perturb various cellular processes at the molecular level due to the effects of pressure per se, gas partial pressure alone, and/or the production of secondary reaction productions such as O2-induced free radicals ...
... (normobaria) and high barometric pressures (hyperbaria). Altered pressure environments perturb various cellular processes at the molecular level due to the effects of pressure per se, gas partial pressure alone, and/or the production of secondary reaction productions such as O2-induced free radicals ...
Properties and Functional Role of Voltage
... that the channels serve to actively dampen back-propagation of somatic sodium spikes. In more distal dendrites, potassium currents were activated by voltage waveforms taken from climbing fiber responses, suggesting that they help shape these responses as well. The requirement for large depolarizatio ...
... that the channels serve to actively dampen back-propagation of somatic sodium spikes. In more distal dendrites, potassium currents were activated by voltage waveforms taken from climbing fiber responses, suggesting that they help shape these responses as well. The requirement for large depolarizatio ...
Neural substrates for conditioned taste aversion in the rat.
... coincides with the injection of LiC1 (US), or even when the US precedes the CS by 5 to 10 rain. In other words, when the US precedes the CS more than 10 min. no reliable CTAs can be formed. Comparison of such mterstimulus interval effects on CTA acqmsition together with the aforementioned latency of ...
... coincides with the injection of LiC1 (US), or even when the US precedes the CS by 5 to 10 rain. In other words, when the US precedes the CS more than 10 min. no reliable CTAs can be formed. Comparison of such mterstimulus interval effects on CTA acqmsition together with the aforementioned latency of ...
Divergent Projections from the Anterior Inferotemporal Area TE to
... Figure 3. Cytoarchitecture of TEav, the caudal part of area 36 (36c), area 35, and area 28. A, Nissl-stained section. There is a separation between layers V and VI in TEav but not in 36c. Layer IV is present in area 36 but absent in areas 35 and 28. The presence of intensely stained large neurons in ...
... Figure 3. Cytoarchitecture of TEav, the caudal part of area 36 (36c), area 35, and area 28. A, Nissl-stained section. There is a separation between layers V and VI in TEav but not in 36c. Layer IV is present in area 36 but absent in areas 35 and 28. The presence of intensely stained large neurons in ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.