Grid Cell Firing May Arise From Interference of Theta Frequency
... dynamics (Fuhs and Touretzky, 2006) cannot be derived from the constraints of this data on intrinsic oscillation frequency, and do not account for it in their present form. As shown in Figure 2, this model effectively links the frequency of mpo (Fig. 1A) to the grid cell field spacing (Hafting et al. ...
... dynamics (Fuhs and Touretzky, 2006) cannot be derived from the constraints of this data on intrinsic oscillation frequency, and do not account for it in their present form. As shown in Figure 2, this model effectively links the frequency of mpo (Fig. 1A) to the grid cell field spacing (Hafting et al. ...
Neuron
... trial, and found shift-related activity: PPC neurons were transiently activated when the monkeys shifted from one cognitive set to another, but not when they shifted in the opposite direction. This shift-related activity emerged about 4 s before the actual behavioral responses, and it well predicted ...
... trial, and found shift-related activity: PPC neurons were transiently activated when the monkeys shifted from one cognitive set to another, but not when they shifted in the opposite direction. This shift-related activity emerged about 4 s before the actual behavioral responses, and it well predicted ...
Vomeronasal Function - Oxford Academic
... vomeronasal input, and probably to involve dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin release from the pituitary. Implantation failure does not occur on exposure to the impregnating (stud) male because the female somehow recognizes and ignores chemical signals from the stud. A series of experiments sugges ...
... vomeronasal input, and probably to involve dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin release from the pituitary. Implantation failure does not occur on exposure to the impregnating (stud) male because the female somehow recognizes and ignores chemical signals from the stud. A series of experiments sugges ...
C:\Vision\15Higher level Pt 2.wpd
... 1.2.3 on the phylogeny of vision. This material highlights the fact that a selection of primates can no longer be used in research related to the maximum performance of the human visual system. The system contains components and circuits that are either rudimentary or absent in these lower species. ...
... 1.2.3 on the phylogeny of vision. This material highlights the fact that a selection of primates can no longer be used in research related to the maximum performance of the human visual system. The system contains components and circuits that are either rudimentary or absent in these lower species. ...
Mercury and the Developing Brain
... chemical types of mercury can adversely affect several organ systems, with the severity of effects depending largely on the magnitude and timing of the exposure (i.e., during fetal development or as a child or adult).1 Outside of occupational settings, methylmercury is the most toxic form of mercury ...
... chemical types of mercury can adversely affect several organ systems, with the severity of effects depending largely on the magnitude and timing of the exposure (i.e., during fetal development or as a child or adult).1 Outside of occupational settings, methylmercury is the most toxic form of mercury ...
J Darnell, KH2 domain I304N RGG G
... BC1 inhibits unwinding BC1 has seemingly no specific/direct interaction with FMRP binding to translation complexes—interact only at different levels in the translation process (Denman) ...
... BC1 inhibits unwinding BC1 has seemingly no specific/direct interaction with FMRP binding to translation complexes—interact only at different levels in the translation process (Denman) ...
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
... the type of seizure, the individual person, and other factors. Symptoms also include loss of consciousness or unusual emotions, sensations, and behaviors. The Electroencephalograph (EEG) signals involve a great deal of information about the function of the brain. Electroencephalogram (EEG test) has ...
... the type of seizure, the individual person, and other factors. Symptoms also include loss of consciousness or unusual emotions, sensations, and behaviors. The Electroencephalograph (EEG) signals involve a great deal of information about the function of the brain. Electroencephalogram (EEG test) has ...
Figure 12.15b
... Nerves – cordlike organs in the PNS Consists of numerous axons wrapped in connective tissue Axon is surrounded by Schwann cells ...
... Nerves – cordlike organs in the PNS Consists of numerous axons wrapped in connective tissue Axon is surrounded by Schwann cells ...
Chapter 2 – Action potential - Fun-Mooc
... of the current step: we call this an ohmic response. But starting with a certain depolarization threshold, we start to see a large-amplitude signal, sharp and short. We see here a time scale of approximately 1 millisecond coming back to normal. This is an action potential. Therefore, an action poten ...
... of the current step: we call this an ohmic response. But starting with a certain depolarization threshold, we start to see a large-amplitude signal, sharp and short. We see here a time scale of approximately 1 millisecond coming back to normal. This is an action potential. Therefore, an action poten ...
Comparing the Functional Representations of Central and Border
... barrels are located centrally within the PMBSF (central whiskers), it is unclear whether a whisker with a barrel at the border of the PMBSF (border whisker) also has a large functional representation. Although whisker responses have been recorded up to ⬃300 m away from the appropriate barrel into t ...
... barrels are located centrally within the PMBSF (central whiskers), it is unclear whether a whisker with a barrel at the border of the PMBSF (border whisker) also has a large functional representation. Although whisker responses have been recorded up to ⬃300 m away from the appropriate barrel into t ...
Functional Organization in the Motor Cortex
... there is suppression in activation level during repeated trials. This effect did not decrease gradually with directional difference between the two consecutive trials, but it suggests that the BOLD signal is in fact sensitive to movement direction. In addition, a model was constructed to estimate cl ...
... there is suppression in activation level during repeated trials. This effect did not decrease gradually with directional difference between the two consecutive trials, but it suggests that the BOLD signal is in fact sensitive to movement direction. In addition, a model was constructed to estimate cl ...
L1CAM/Neuroglian controls the axon–axon interactions establishing
... we first compared mutations affecting extracellular adhesion, nrg849 (Goossens et al., 2011), with mutations disrupting intracellular protein–protein interactions. To generate specific intracellular mutations, we used a genomic rescue approach (Venken et al., 2009) that allows expression of modified ...
... we first compared mutations affecting extracellular adhesion, nrg849 (Goossens et al., 2011), with mutations disrupting intracellular protein–protein interactions. To generate specific intracellular mutations, we used a genomic rescue approach (Venken et al., 2009) that allows expression of modified ...
The neural basis of puberty and adolescence
... nisms can be categorized as those that act without hormonal information from the gonads (steroid independent) and those that act in the presence of gonadal steroids (steroid dependent). In some altricial species, those that are not well developed at birth, steroid-independent mechanisms are primaril ...
... nisms can be categorized as those that act without hormonal information from the gonads (steroid independent) and those that act in the presence of gonadal steroids (steroid dependent). In some altricial species, those that are not well developed at birth, steroid-independent mechanisms are primaril ...
KIDS, Inc. - School Neuropsychology
... damage to appropriate thalamic nuclei with an associated impairment of the abilities to make tactile discrimination and identification of what is felt (tactile object agnosia). • Pain sensation typically remains intact or is mildly diminished; however, with some kinds of thalamic damage it may be h ...
... damage to appropriate thalamic nuclei with an associated impairment of the abilities to make tactile discrimination and identification of what is felt (tactile object agnosia). • Pain sensation typically remains intact or is mildly diminished; however, with some kinds of thalamic damage it may be h ...
Mechanisms of memory storage in a model perirhinal network
... reports emphasized that future studies should aim for biological realism in the design of neuron models. Indeed, there are different approaches to modeling of the nervous system. The approach used here was to develop a model that is as realistic as possible by integrating most of the available exper ...
... reports emphasized that future studies should aim for biological realism in the design of neuron models. Indeed, there are different approaches to modeling of the nervous system. The approach used here was to develop a model that is as realistic as possible by integrating most of the available exper ...
Precise visuotopic organization of the blind spot representation in
... placed 57.3 cm in front of the animals’ eyes. The positions of the BS and fovea were plotted onto the computer screen with a 180° reversible ophthalmoscope. Throughout the experimental session, we plotted the borders of the BS and tested the responsiveness of the neuron to small stimuli delivered th ...
... placed 57.3 cm in front of the animals’ eyes. The positions of the BS and fovea were plotted onto the computer screen with a 180° reversible ophthalmoscope. Throughout the experimental session, we plotted the borders of the BS and tested the responsiveness of the neuron to small stimuli delivered th ...
Behavioral and Pathological Effects in the Rat
... Before testing and dosing, the animals in this set were trained for the vertical ladder task (see below). The rats were then assigned to one of five groups, and dosed i.p. for 3 consecutive days with control vehicle (3 rats received 1 ml kg1 day1 of corn oil and 4 rats received 2 ml kg1 day1 of ...
... Before testing and dosing, the animals in this set were trained for the vertical ladder task (see below). The rats were then assigned to one of five groups, and dosed i.p. for 3 consecutive days with control vehicle (3 rats received 1 ml kg1 day1 of corn oil and 4 rats received 2 ml kg1 day1 of ...
ATTENTIONAL MODULATION OF VISUAL PROCESSING John H
... Verghese 2001, Wolfe et al. 1989). Like any information-processing system, the visual cortex is limited in the quantity of information it can process at each moment in time. A typical visual scene contains a great deal more information than we can process in a single glimpse. Therefore, neural mecha ...
... Verghese 2001, Wolfe et al. 1989). Like any information-processing system, the visual cortex is limited in the quantity of information it can process at each moment in time. A typical visual scene contains a great deal more information than we can process in a single glimpse. Therefore, neural mecha ...
PDE5 Exists in Human Neurons and is a Viable Therapeutic Target
... careful analysis of the above human studies reveals that some may not have detected PDE5 mRNA for methodologic reasons. For example, in the study that did not find detectable PDE5 transcripts in human brain, a rodent sequence was used to detect human PDE5 mRNA [16]. To answer this question definitiv ...
... careful analysis of the above human studies reveals that some may not have detected PDE5 mRNA for methodologic reasons. For example, in the study that did not find detectable PDE5 transcripts in human brain, a rodent sequence was used to detect human PDE5 mRNA [16]. To answer this question definitiv ...
Current BCI Platforms
... · Frequency alterations can occur independently of activity in the brain’s normal output channels of peripheral nerves and muscles and could therefore serves as the basis for a BCI ...
... · Frequency alterations can occur independently of activity in the brain’s normal output channels of peripheral nerves and muscles and could therefore serves as the basis for a BCI ...
Neural mechanisms of stimulus generalization in auditory fear
... pairings with a footshock (unconditioned stimulus, US) and comes to elicit responses characteristically elicited by threatening stimuli. In this behavioral paradigm, the amygdala has been identified has a key neural substrate for associative fear learning, and the site where unconditioned stimuli (U ...
... pairings with a footshock (unconditioned stimulus, US) and comes to elicit responses characteristically elicited by threatening stimuli. In this behavioral paradigm, the amygdala has been identified has a key neural substrate for associative fear learning, and the site where unconditioned stimuli (U ...
Principles of Neural Science - Weizmann Institute of Science
... nucleus. The two most ventral layers of the nucleus contain relatively large cells and are known as the magnocellular layers; their main retinal input is from M ganglion cells. The four dorsal layers are known as parvocellular layers and receive input from P ganglion cells. Both the magnocellular an ...
... nucleus. The two most ventral layers of the nucleus contain relatively large cells and are known as the magnocellular layers; their main retinal input is from M ganglion cells. The four dorsal layers are known as parvocellular layers and receive input from P ganglion cells. Both the magnocellular an ...
The role of eyes in early face processing: A rapid adaptation study of
... According to the OSH, larger adaptation effects should be found for inverted than upright adaptors regardless of the category. Thus, in response to S2, a decreased activation should be found for inverted compared to upright adaptors, for each adaptor category tested: houses, mouths, eyes, faces, eye ...
... According to the OSH, larger adaptation effects should be found for inverted than upright adaptors regardless of the category. Thus, in response to S2, a decreased activation should be found for inverted compared to upright adaptors, for each adaptor category tested: houses, mouths, eyes, faces, eye ...
Sleep Spindles as Facilitators of Memory Formation and Learning
... While spindles may be spontaneously generated, electrical stimulation of excitatory cortical synapses led to an enhanced reliability of spindles in rats [45]. Similarly, paired associative stimulation of the median nerve with transmagnetic stimulation of the contralateral motor cortex led to increas ...
... While spindles may be spontaneously generated, electrical stimulation of excitatory cortical synapses led to an enhanced reliability of spindles in rats [45]. Similarly, paired associative stimulation of the median nerve with transmagnetic stimulation of the contralateral motor cortex led to increas ...
Generation of Theta and Gamma Rhythms in the Hippocampus
... opposite polarity, which was likely caused by a suppression of tonic inhibition (7), i.e. disinhibition predicted by the recurrent inhibition model is manifested intracellularly as the rebound IPSP. The rebound IPSP was found to be associated with an increase in input resistance and reversed at the ...
... opposite polarity, which was likely caused by a suppression of tonic inhibition (7), i.e. disinhibition predicted by the recurrent inhibition model is manifested intracellularly as the rebound IPSP. The rebound IPSP was found to be associated with an increase in input resistance and reversed at the ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.