Autonomic Nervous System
... • Define action potential and explain how action potentials are generated. • Explain the factors that influence the speed of neural impulse transmission. • Describe how impulses are transmitted across the synapse. • Discuss the roles played by neurotransmitters. • Describe the three types of reflexe ...
... • Define action potential and explain how action potentials are generated. • Explain the factors that influence the speed of neural impulse transmission. • Describe how impulses are transmitted across the synapse. • Discuss the roles played by neurotransmitters. • Describe the three types of reflexe ...
Wernicke`s area homologue in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and
... the optical fractionator method (West et al. 1991). Histological processing invariably results in tissue shrinkage and other volumetric artefacts. To account for shrinkage, we calculated volumetric correction factors for each individual tissue block. Shrinkage correction, and parameters used for mea ...
... the optical fractionator method (West et al. 1991). Histological processing invariably results in tissue shrinkage and other volumetric artefacts. To account for shrinkage, we calculated volumetric correction factors for each individual tissue block. Shrinkage correction, and parameters used for mea ...
Lab 5: Nervous System I
... This is primarily a lecture topic; we will quickly go over this. • An impulse arrives at the dendrite • When the impulse is strong enough, it depolarizes the membrane and the impulse is transmitted along the axon • When the impulse reaches the axon terminals, the information needs to be converted to ...
... This is primarily a lecture topic; we will quickly go over this. • An impulse arrives at the dendrite • When the impulse is strong enough, it depolarizes the membrane and the impulse is transmitted along the axon • When the impulse reaches the axon terminals, the information needs to be converted to ...
An Introduction to Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System
... • Ascend within the anterior or lateral spinothalamic tracts • The anterior tracts carry crude touch and pressure sensations • The lateral tracts carry pain and temperature sensations ...
... • Ascend within the anterior or lateral spinothalamic tracts • The anterior tracts carry crude touch and pressure sensations • The lateral tracts carry pain and temperature sensations ...
Severely dystrophic axons at amyloid plaques
... Synapses are sites of both Ab toxicity (Lacor et al., 2007) and Ab release (Lazarov et al., 2002; Sheng et al., 2002) but they are unlikely to be the only sites for either, and it remains unclear how synapse loss relates to the more clearly irreversible steps of axonal interruption and cell death. B ...
... Synapses are sites of both Ab toxicity (Lacor et al., 2007) and Ab release (Lazarov et al., 2002; Sheng et al., 2002) but they are unlikely to be the only sites for either, and it remains unclear how synapse loss relates to the more clearly irreversible steps of axonal interruption and cell death. B ...
Effect of sodium fluoride on the grey matter of spinal cord in the
... Figure 6. Photomicrographs of transverse sections in the cervical spinal cord of protected rats. (a) Ventral horn showing many more or less normal motor neurons (thick arrows). Some have long processes (arrowheads). However, some shrunken cells with loss of nuclear details (curved arrows) could be o ...
... Figure 6. Photomicrographs of transverse sections in the cervical spinal cord of protected rats. (a) Ventral horn showing many more or less normal motor neurons (thick arrows). Some have long processes (arrowheads). However, some shrunken cells with loss of nuclear details (curved arrows) could be o ...
View/Open
... Effect of Removing the Primary Visual Cortex Removal of the primary visual cortex in the human being causes loss of conscious vision, that is, blindness. However, psychological studies demonstrate that such “blind” people can still, at times, react subconsciously to changes in light intensity, to mo ...
... Effect of Removing the Primary Visual Cortex Removal of the primary visual cortex in the human being causes loss of conscious vision, that is, blindness. However, psychological studies demonstrate that such “blind” people can still, at times, react subconsciously to changes in light intensity, to mo ...
One Computer Scientist`s (Deep) Superior Colliculus
... Every natural organism embodies solutions to a host of ecological problems, found through eons of evolution. The study of these solutions and their applications in technical settings is called biomimetics and it has been a driving force in many areas of research. Biomimetic approaches at various lev ...
... Every natural organism embodies solutions to a host of ecological problems, found through eons of evolution. The study of these solutions and their applications in technical settings is called biomimetics and it has been a driving force in many areas of research. Biomimetic approaches at various lev ...
Visual areas and spatial summation in human visual cortex
... Functional MRI measurements can securely partition the human posterior occipital lobe into retinotopically organized visual areas (V1, V2 and V3) with experiments that last only 30 min. Methods for identifying functional areas in the dorsal and ventral aspect of the human occipital cortex, however, ...
... Functional MRI measurements can securely partition the human posterior occipital lobe into retinotopically organized visual areas (V1, V2 and V3) with experiments that last only 30 min. Methods for identifying functional areas in the dorsal and ventral aspect of the human occipital cortex, however, ...
Plasticity during stroke recovery: from synapse to behaviour
... their initial injury 12. Similar patterns of improved behavioural performance are also observed in animal stroke models and can be facilitated by behavioural training (FIG. 2), although the time course of post-stroke recovery is typically much shorter in animals. Clinical and biomedical scientists r ...
... their initial injury 12. Similar patterns of improved behavioural performance are also observed in animal stroke models and can be facilitated by behavioural training (FIG. 2), although the time course of post-stroke recovery is typically much shorter in animals. Clinical and biomedical scientists r ...
Mapping Retinotopic Structure in Mouse Visual Cortex with Optical
... functionally (Dräger, 1975; Wagor et al., 1980) distinct areas. Mouse primary visual cortex seems to lack any obvious parcellation into functional domains, such as ocular dominance or orientation columns, which are a prominent feature in the visual cortex of many higher mammals (Hubel and Wiesel, 1 ...
... functionally (Dräger, 1975; Wagor et al., 1980) distinct areas. Mouse primary visual cortex seems to lack any obvious parcellation into functional domains, such as ocular dominance or orientation columns, which are a prominent feature in the visual cortex of many higher mammals (Hubel and Wiesel, 1 ...
Comparative Study of c-Fos Expression in Rat Dorsal Vagal
... DMV, NTS and AP have complicated neuronal contact and close correlation in function, so that they constitute the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) (4). Thus, DVC and NA are the primary nerve centres that regulate gastric functions. Nevertheless, whether the neurons of DMV, NTS, AP and NA are excited, and c ...
... DMV, NTS and AP have complicated neuronal contact and close correlation in function, so that they constitute the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) (4). Thus, DVC and NA are the primary nerve centres that regulate gastric functions. Nevertheless, whether the neurons of DMV, NTS, AP and NA are excited, and c ...
PowerPoint 演示文稿 - Shandong University
... the pons and like a wave it activates the lateral geniculate nucleus (first relay of visual information) and then the occipital lobe, specifically in the visual cortex (which receives and puts together the visual information that comes from the lat. geniculate nucleus). PGO waves appear seconds befo ...
... the pons and like a wave it activates the lateral geniculate nucleus (first relay of visual information) and then the occipital lobe, specifically in the visual cortex (which receives and puts together the visual information that comes from the lat. geniculate nucleus). PGO waves appear seconds befo ...
15-5 Somatic Motor Pathways
... o An individual can feel pain in an uninjured part of the body when pain actually originates at another location o Strong visceral pain Sensations arriving at segment of spinal cord can stimulate interneurons that are part of spinothalamic pathway Activity in interneurons leads to stimulation of ...
... o An individual can feel pain in an uninjured part of the body when pain actually originates at another location o Strong visceral pain Sensations arriving at segment of spinal cord can stimulate interneurons that are part of spinothalamic pathway Activity in interneurons leads to stimulation of ...
nervous system part 6 EEG, walkfulness and sleep
... the pons and like a wave it activates the lateral geniculate nucleus (first relay of visual information) and then the occipital lobe, specifically in the visual cortex (which receives and puts together the visual information that comes from the lat. geniculate nucleus). PGO waves appear seconds befo ...
... the pons and like a wave it activates the lateral geniculate nucleus (first relay of visual information) and then the occipital lobe, specifically in the visual cortex (which receives and puts together the visual information that comes from the lat. geniculate nucleus). PGO waves appear seconds befo ...
THE YIN AND YANG OF NEUROTROPHIN ACTION
... to apoptosis. A recent study showed that proBDNF also induces neuronal apoptosis by activating p75NTR REF. 13. Finally, proNGF and proBDNF can be cleaved in vitro by extracellular proteases, such as matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) and plasmin, to form mature NGF or BDNF. These results, coupled w ...
... to apoptosis. A recent study showed that proBDNF also induces neuronal apoptosis by activating p75NTR REF. 13. Finally, proNGF and proBDNF can be cleaved in vitro by extracellular proteases, such as matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) and plasmin, to form mature NGF or BDNF. These results, coupled w ...
EEG - pressthebar
... the pons and like a wave it activates the lateral geniculate nucleus (first relay of visual information) and then the occipital lobe, specifically in the visual cortex (which receives and puts together the visual information that comes from the lat. geniculate nucleus). PGO waves appear seconds befo ...
... the pons and like a wave it activates the lateral geniculate nucleus (first relay of visual information) and then the occipital lobe, specifically in the visual cortex (which receives and puts together the visual information that comes from the lat. geniculate nucleus). PGO waves appear seconds befo ...
pdf - Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center
... target (Go) and nontarget (NoGo) stimulus may be made equivalent in all respects but the critical aspect, namely, the behavioural goal that is ascribed solely to the target stimulus. Previously, the Go/NoGo paradigm has been used to elucidate the brain areas that support the response inhibition proc ...
... target (Go) and nontarget (NoGo) stimulus may be made equivalent in all respects but the critical aspect, namely, the behavioural goal that is ascribed solely to the target stimulus. Previously, the Go/NoGo paradigm has been used to elucidate the brain areas that support the response inhibition proc ...
Interactions between attention, context and learning in primary
... plexus of long range horizontal connections that link cells with widely separated receptive fields. This is a network of connectivity formed by the axons of cortical pyramidal cells. Pyramidal and spiny stellate cells represent 80% of the neurons in the cortex, each cell can form lateral connections ...
... plexus of long range horizontal connections that link cells with widely separated receptive fields. This is a network of connectivity formed by the axons of cortical pyramidal cells. Pyramidal and spiny stellate cells represent 80% of the neurons in the cortex, each cell can form lateral connections ...
Bystander Attenuation Of Neuronal And Astrocyte
... cultures of brain. These cells play key roles in intercellular signaling and neuronal development, and they modulate synaptic activity within the nervous system. Using ratiometric fura-2 digital calcium imaging of >8,000 neurons and glia, we found that MCMV-infected astrocytes showed an increase in ...
... cultures of brain. These cells play key roles in intercellular signaling and neuronal development, and they modulate synaptic activity within the nervous system. Using ratiometric fura-2 digital calcium imaging of >8,000 neurons and glia, we found that MCMV-infected astrocytes showed an increase in ...
Cover page
... Our laboratory seeks to understand how the needs of the body determine which sensory cues are attended to, learned, and remembered. In particular, we are investigating how natural and experimentally induced states of hunger modulate neural representations of food cues, and the consequences for obesi ...
... Our laboratory seeks to understand how the needs of the body determine which sensory cues are attended to, learned, and remembered. In particular, we are investigating how natural and experimentally induced states of hunger modulate neural representations of food cues, and the consequences for obesi ...
studying the isolated central nervous system
... specific directional information along all five arms, and this was stopped if the radial nerve was cut. If the cut was half-way along one of the other arms, the direction change of pointing would take place over the whole of the starfish up to the position of the cut, but the tube feet beyond the cu ...
... specific directional information along all five arms, and this was stopped if the radial nerve was cut. If the cut was half-way along one of the other arms, the direction change of pointing would take place over the whole of the starfish up to the position of the cut, but the tube feet beyond the cu ...
NEUROGENESIS IN THE ANTERIOR OLFACTORY NUCLEUS AND
... Since neurogenesis in the rat olfactory peduncle extends beyond birth, both prenatal and postnatal developmental series were used. All series contained groups of Purdue-Wistar rats given successive daily (between 9 and 11 a.m.) s.c. injections of [3H]thymidine (Schwarz-Mann; sp. act. 6.0 Ci/mM; 5 ix ...
... Since neurogenesis in the rat olfactory peduncle extends beyond birth, both prenatal and postnatal developmental series were used. All series contained groups of Purdue-Wistar rats given successive daily (between 9 and 11 a.m.) s.c. injections of [3H]thymidine (Schwarz-Mann; sp. act. 6.0 Ci/mM; 5 ix ...
Cortical control of saccades and fixation in man
... FEF; b, SEF; c, peripheral striate and extra-striate cortex; d, area 40; e, area 7, PPC; f, area 22; g, cerebellum; h, mediodorsal thalamus and midbrain; i, insula/area 47; j , foveal striate and extra-striate cortex; k, hippocampus; m, anterior frontal lobe areas 9, 10, 45 and 46; n, areas 24 and 3 ...
... FEF; b, SEF; c, peripheral striate and extra-striate cortex; d, area 40; e, area 7, PPC; f, area 22; g, cerebellum; h, mediodorsal thalamus and midbrain; i, insula/area 47; j , foveal striate and extra-striate cortex; k, hippocampus; m, anterior frontal lobe areas 9, 10, 45 and 46; n, areas 24 and 3 ...
1 MB - Columbia University
... the phenotypes were often partial and compound supporting a model involving multiple (possibly overlapping) receptors (Lumpkin and Caterina, 2007), some cases were very clear suggesting a 1:1 correspondence between receptor expression and behavior. For example, TRPM8 mutant mice are dramatically imp ...
... the phenotypes were often partial and compound supporting a model involving multiple (possibly overlapping) receptors (Lumpkin and Caterina, 2007), some cases were very clear suggesting a 1:1 correspondence between receptor expression and behavior. For example, TRPM8 mutant mice are dramatically imp ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.