Neural Correlates of Vibrissa Resonance: Band
... The array of vibrissae on a rat’s face is the first stage of a high-resolution tactile sensing system. Recently, it was discovered that vibrissae (whiskers) resonate when stimulated at specific frequencies, generating several-fold increases in motion amplitude. We investigated the neural correlates ...
... The array of vibrissae on a rat’s face is the first stage of a high-resolution tactile sensing system. Recently, it was discovered that vibrissae (whiskers) resonate when stimulated at specific frequencies, generating several-fold increases in motion amplitude. We investigated the neural correlates ...
The Physiology and psychology of pain
... Neurons in the thalamus send axon projections to the limbic system and the cortex. Once the noxious stimuli have reached the higher centers of the brain, the descending control mechanisms are activated, the incoming noxious stimuli can be inhibited at various levels, and endogenous opiates can be re ...
... Neurons in the thalamus send axon projections to the limbic system and the cortex. Once the noxious stimuli have reached the higher centers of the brain, the descending control mechanisms are activated, the incoming noxious stimuli can be inhibited at various levels, and endogenous opiates can be re ...
Relational Networks
... To understand how language operates, we need to have the linguistic information represented in such a way that it can be used for speaking and understanding (A “competence model” that is not competence to perform is unrealistic) ...
... To understand how language operates, we need to have the linguistic information represented in such a way that it can be used for speaking and understanding (A “competence model” that is not competence to perform is unrealistic) ...
Quantity and Three-Dimensional Position of the Recurrent and
... condition, FG was noted to contaminate adjacent tissues — in particular, in the region of the SLN. Conclusions: Fluorolabeling is an effective tool to locate and quantify the LMNs of the RLN and SLN. The LMN positions and counts were consistent when FR was used in labeling of either the RLN or the S ...
... condition, FG was noted to contaminate adjacent tissues — in particular, in the region of the SLN. Conclusions: Fluorolabeling is an effective tool to locate and quantify the LMNs of the RLN and SLN. The LMN positions and counts were consistent when FR was used in labeling of either the RLN or the S ...
Proprioceptive Eye Position Signals Are Still Missing a Sensory
... would be expected to make motor contacts on MIFs, as the summary schema suggests (Zimmermann et al., their Fig. 8), or whether palisade ending innervation should be subdivided into two separate groups. Despite thorough immunohistochemical examination, palisade endings remain surprisingly difficult t ...
... would be expected to make motor contacts on MIFs, as the summary schema suggests (Zimmermann et al., their Fig. 8), or whether palisade ending innervation should be subdivided into two separate groups. Despite thorough immunohistochemical examination, palisade endings remain surprisingly difficult t ...
Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation induces an increase in
... pons) and in brain regions receiving a cholinergic input (medulla oblongata, thalamus) from pontine cholinergic neurons (1,11). The lack of change in enzyme activity in the striatum, hippocampus and cerebral cortex suggests that the other cholinergic nuclei which innervate these brain regions (1,11) ...
... pons) and in brain regions receiving a cholinergic input (medulla oblongata, thalamus) from pontine cholinergic neurons (1,11). The lack of change in enzyme activity in the striatum, hippocampus and cerebral cortex suggests that the other cholinergic nuclei which innervate these brain regions (1,11) ...
The Neural Basis of Human Error Processing: Reinforcement
... participant. In a different study, participants performed a fourchoice reaction-time task by pressing buttons using either of two fingers on either of their left and right hands. Errors could be committed with the wrong hand, the wrong finger, or both the wrong hand and the wrong finger. It was foun ...
... participant. In a different study, participants performed a fourchoice reaction-time task by pressing buttons using either of two fingers on either of their left and right hands. Errors could be committed with the wrong hand, the wrong finger, or both the wrong hand and the wrong finger. It was foun ...
The encoding and decoding of com-
... readout stage. We propose a novel neural readout circuit based on wavelet transform that decodes the TPC over different frequency bands. We show that, in comparison with pure linear readouts used previously, the proposed system provides a robust, fast and highly compact representation of visual inpu ...
... readout stage. We propose a novel neural readout circuit based on wavelet transform that decodes the TPC over different frequency bands. We show that, in comparison with pure linear readouts used previously, the proposed system provides a robust, fast and highly compact representation of visual inpu ...
18 Coordination in Behavior and Cognition
... the form of control parameters in a dynamical system. For example, candidate control parameters in neural circuits include neuromodulators and synaptic drive. A circuit may be capable of operating in distinctly different stable modes and switching between them depending on the level of synaptic driv ...
... the form of control parameters in a dynamical system. For example, candidate control parameters in neural circuits include neuromodulators and synaptic drive. A circuit may be capable of operating in distinctly different stable modes and switching between them depending on the level of synaptic driv ...
Distinct roles of transcription factors EGL-46 and DAF
... al., 2001), and osm-6 has been shown to be regulated by a RFX transcription factor DAF-19, which plays a critical role in general sensory cilium differentiation (Swoboda et al., 2000; Haycraft et al., 2001). We report the isolation of an allele of egl-46, a putative zincfinger transcription factor, ...
... al., 2001), and osm-6 has been shown to be regulated by a RFX transcription factor DAF-19, which plays a critical role in general sensory cilium differentiation (Swoboda et al., 2000; Haycraft et al., 2001). We report the isolation of an allele of egl-46, a putative zincfinger transcription factor, ...
uncorrected proof - Illinois State University Websites
... fields. Similarly, C. elegans larvae possessing immature AFD neurons with fewer villi were also unable to orient to magnetic fields. Larvae of every stage however retained the ability to orient to thermal gradients. To our knowledge, this is the first behavioral separation of magnetic and thermal or ...
... fields. Similarly, C. elegans larvae possessing immature AFD neurons with fewer villi were also unable to orient to magnetic fields. Larvae of every stage however retained the ability to orient to thermal gradients. To our knowledge, this is the first behavioral separation of magnetic and thermal or ...
Transgenic Mice for Intersectional Targeting of Neural Sensors and
... (Zeng et al., 2008), which supports repeated targeting. By introducing a tTA-based transcriptional amplification approach to the TIGRE locus, all reporter lines doubly regulated by Cre and tTA drove robust expression of sensors and effectors at levels substantially higher than those in comparable Ro ...
... (Zeng et al., 2008), which supports repeated targeting. By introducing a tTA-based transcriptional amplification approach to the TIGRE locus, all reporter lines doubly regulated by Cre and tTA drove robust expression of sensors and effectors at levels substantially higher than those in comparable Ro ...
Anatomical Changes in Human Motor Cortex and Motor Pathways
... changes reported in our investigation. In contrast, numerous primate investigations report corticospinal neuron death following pyramidotomy or cervical cord lesions (Levine and Bradford 1938; Pernet and Hepp-Reymond 1975). For example, Pernet and Hepp-Reymond (1975) showed that following unilateral ...
... changes reported in our investigation. In contrast, numerous primate investigations report corticospinal neuron death following pyramidotomy or cervical cord lesions (Levine and Bradford 1938; Pernet and Hepp-Reymond 1975). For example, Pernet and Hepp-Reymond (1975) showed that following unilateral ...
Afferent Fiber Remodeling in the Somatosensory Thalamus of Mice
... IONC model originated specific brainstem nuclei, which normally represent the mandibular (V3) region of the face and/or other body parts. We also observed ectopic receptive fields of V2 VPM neurons and extraterritorial mechanical hypersensitivity in the corresponding V3 region. Furthermore, all thes ...
... IONC model originated specific brainstem nuclei, which normally represent the mandibular (V3) region of the face and/or other body parts. We also observed ectopic receptive fields of V2 VPM neurons and extraterritorial mechanical hypersensitivity in the corresponding V3 region. Furthermore, all thes ...
Intracellular and extracellular signatures of action potentials
... The action potential is considered one of the major signalling events in the brain and malfunction of firing of action potentials might lead to various neurological diseases. Although it has been studied for years, many questions remain unanswered. The present work is dedicated to the study of actio ...
... The action potential is considered one of the major signalling events in the brain and malfunction of firing of action potentials might lead to various neurological diseases. Although it has been studied for years, many questions remain unanswered. The present work is dedicated to the study of actio ...
Seeing faces and objects with the “mind`s eye”
... ventral stream. Inspired by the consistent topology of the response to faces, houses and chairs, we investigated whether visual imagery of these objects would evoke content-related activation within the same extrastriate ventral regions that are activated during perception. We further asked which br ...
... ventral stream. Inspired by the consistent topology of the response to faces, houses and chairs, we investigated whether visual imagery of these objects would evoke content-related activation within the same extrastriate ventral regions that are activated during perception. We further asked which br ...
Medullary control of nociceptive transmission
... surviving, which indicates that pain suppression is as important to the organism as pain perception [2]. Fear and acute stress, for example, strongly inhibit pain as it could be incompatible with the need of running from eminent danger. Accordingly, the AMY and the PVN, areas responsible for emotion ...
... surviving, which indicates that pain suppression is as important to the organism as pain perception [2]. Fear and acute stress, for example, strongly inhibit pain as it could be incompatible with the need of running from eminent danger. Accordingly, the AMY and the PVN, areas responsible for emotion ...
Протокол
... from the cerebral cortex with movement-produced somatosensory feedback from the spinal cord and information about balance from the vestibular receptors in the inner ear. Errors are corrected by affecting the planning, timing, and coordination of muscular contractions during movement. The basal gangl ...
... from the cerebral cortex with movement-produced somatosensory feedback from the spinal cord and information about balance from the vestibular receptors in the inner ear. Errors are corrected by affecting the planning, timing, and coordination of muscular contractions during movement. The basal gangl ...
From movement to thought: Anatomic substrates of the cerebellar
... that one could “remove considerable masses of cerebellar tissue without producing any apparent deficits. Now how are we going to explain that fact?” he wondered. ”One cannot help but feel that these intricate relay systems exert very subtle influences which, when withdrawn, produce no very obvious d ...
... that one could “remove considerable masses of cerebellar tissue without producing any apparent deficits. Now how are we going to explain that fact?” he wondered. ”One cannot help but feel that these intricate relay systems exert very subtle influences which, when withdrawn, produce no very obvious d ...
Sleep/Neurology-The Orexin System
... Canine narcolepsy caused by an exon-skipping mutation in the OX2 receptor gene (1999) ...
... Canine narcolepsy caused by an exon-skipping mutation in the OX2 receptor gene (1999) ...
Lecture 015, CNS - SuperPage for Joel R. Gober, PhD.
... mass, so the cerebrum is this object right here, and it’s responsible for higher mental functions and for appreciating reality. This is where all your conscious decisions are made, this where all your appreciations or your somatic senses come to your consciousness in the cerebrum. And there are a nu ...
... mass, so the cerebrum is this object right here, and it’s responsible for higher mental functions and for appreciating reality. This is where all your conscious decisions are made, this where all your appreciations or your somatic senses come to your consciousness in the cerebrum. And there are a nu ...
Distinct Neuropathologic Phenotypes After Disrupting the
... grid 200 200 Km, frame 60 40 Km. A 1:6 series was used for these analyses. For all sections stained for PV: grid 250 200 Km, frame 150 90 Km, 1:12 series. For all sections stained for SOM, CR and CB grid 250 180 Km, frame 180 100 Km, 1:12 series. Because of the comparatively low abundanc ...
... grid 200 200 Km, frame 60 40 Km. A 1:6 series was used for these analyses. For all sections stained for PV: grid 250 200 Km, frame 150 90 Km, 1:12 series. For all sections stained for SOM, CR and CB grid 250 180 Km, frame 180 100 Km, 1:12 series. Because of the comparatively low abundanc ...
Motor Resonance Meets Motor Performance - Unitn
... monkeys, was showing that several, now well identified, different full representations of bodily movements in BA6 (Graziano & Aflalo, 2007; Dum & Strick, 2002), functionally separated from BA4. The group of Rizzolatti and coworkers focused its attention on the functional properties of neurons in the ...
... monkeys, was showing that several, now well identified, different full representations of bodily movements in BA6 (Graziano & Aflalo, 2007; Dum & Strick, 2002), functionally separated from BA4. The group of Rizzolatti and coworkers focused its attention on the functional properties of neurons in the ...
NIH Public Access
... One of the most well- characterized MAIs is Nogo-A. Genetic deletion of Nogo-A promotes corticospinal (Fig. 2) and raphespinal tract growth and enhances functional recovery after SCI, although this phenotype is modulated by strain background, age and axonal tract (Kim et al. 2003b;Simonen et al. 200 ...
... One of the most well- characterized MAIs is Nogo-A. Genetic deletion of Nogo-A promotes corticospinal (Fig. 2) and raphespinal tract growth and enhances functional recovery after SCI, although this phenotype is modulated by strain background, age and axonal tract (Kim et al. 2003b;Simonen et al. 200 ...
Reference frames for representing the location of visual and tactile
... frame used to represent visual space, it was found that, contrary to most visual areas, VIP contains neurons with head-centered and partially shifting visual RFs, in addition to cells with eye-centered RFs16. The role of partially shifting RFs in multisensory integration is not entirely clear. One p ...
... frame used to represent visual space, it was found that, contrary to most visual areas, VIP contains neurons with head-centered and partially shifting visual RFs, in addition to cells with eye-centered RFs16. The role of partially shifting RFs in multisensory integration is not entirely clear. One p ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.