Predicting spike timing of neocortical pyramidal neurons by simple
... input is constant or shows small fluctuations only (Mainen and Sejnowski, 1995). We will show in this paper that a completely analogous statement holds for the quality of our simple threshold model: The capability of the model in predicting the exact timing of neuronal action potentials is good for ...
... input is constant or shows small fluctuations only (Mainen and Sejnowski, 1995). We will show in this paper that a completely analogous statement holds for the quality of our simple threshold model: The capability of the model in predicting the exact timing of neuronal action potentials is good for ...
Paper: Neural substrates for expectation
... • Storage of fear memories requires Hebbian long-term potentiation at conditioned stimulus input synapses onto neurons in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. ...
... • Storage of fear memories requires Hebbian long-term potentiation at conditioned stimulus input synapses onto neurons in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. ...
Neuropeptide-Mediated Facilitation and Inhibition of Sensory Inputs
... dorsal surface of the spinal cord. The spinal cord–notochord preparation was split into three pools by placing Vaseline barriers at different positions (see Fig. 1A). One barrier was placed ;15 segments rostral to the tip of the tail fin, with a second barrier placed $20 segments more rostral to thi ...
... dorsal surface of the spinal cord. The spinal cord–notochord preparation was split into three pools by placing Vaseline barriers at different positions (see Fig. 1A). One barrier was placed ;15 segments rostral to the tip of the tail fin, with a second barrier placed $20 segments more rostral to thi ...
The Preoptic Nucleus in Fishes: A Comparative Discussion of
... strated that PN cells can be activated by wide regions of the telencephalon (Hal\ow\tzet al., 1971). Unfortunately the units recorded were not identified as being en- • docrine neurons by antidromic activation by pituitary stimulation. However, the input from wide regions of the telencephalon does i ...
... strated that PN cells can be activated by wide regions of the telencephalon (Hal\ow\tzet al., 1971). Unfortunately the units recorded were not identified as being en- • docrine neurons by antidromic activation by pituitary stimulation. However, the input from wide regions of the telencephalon does i ...
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... these maps and the relatively even distribution of frequency tuning make the rat a useful species for studying the e¡ects that behavioral training and other plasticity paradigms have on cortical representations of sound frequency. Although A1 topography is well ordered for tones presented near thres ...
... these maps and the relatively even distribution of frequency tuning make the rat a useful species for studying the e¡ects that behavioral training and other plasticity paradigms have on cortical representations of sound frequency. Although A1 topography is well ordered for tones presented near thres ...
Learning to classify complex patterns using a VLSI network of
... only as long as the current generated by all the stimulated plastic synapses does not match the output desired by the supervisor, as in the perceptron learning rule (Brader et al., 2007). This thesis also describes the development and verification of the hardware system capable of performing reliabl ...
... only as long as the current generated by all the stimulated plastic synapses does not match the output desired by the supervisor, as in the perceptron learning rule (Brader et al., 2007). This thesis also describes the development and verification of the hardware system capable of performing reliabl ...
Cranial Nerves
... • Lateral olfactory area consists of the paleocortex of uncus, cortex of the entorhinal area (the anterior part of the parahippocampal gyrus) and the cortex in the region of the limen insulae. The uncus, cortex of the entorhinal area and cortex in the region of the limen insulae. The three parts are ...
... • Lateral olfactory area consists of the paleocortex of uncus, cortex of the entorhinal area (the anterior part of the parahippocampal gyrus) and the cortex in the region of the limen insulae. The uncus, cortex of the entorhinal area and cortex in the region of the limen insulae. The three parts are ...
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling
... pyramidal (projecting-out) cells in adjacent cortical columns (Dringenberg, 1998). This is likely achieved by preventing the escape of potassium (K+) ions from these cells (Jones, 1998). This tonic effect on parts of the cortex presumably leads to the conscious state shared by quiet waking and REM s ...
... pyramidal (projecting-out) cells in adjacent cortical columns (Dringenberg, 1998). This is likely achieved by preventing the escape of potassium (K+) ions from these cells (Jones, 1998). This tonic effect on parts of the cortex presumably leads to the conscious state shared by quiet waking and REM s ...
Primate Globus Pallidus and Subthalamic Nucleus: Functional
... 2. In GPe (n = 249), GPi (n = 15l), and movements were found throughout the rosSTN (n = 153), 47, 29, and 28% of the cells, trocaudal extent of the nucleus, but were respectively, discharged in relation to active most numerous at the rostra1 and caudal arm movements, 10, 11, and 15% to leg poles. Ne ...
... 2. In GPe (n = 249), GPi (n = 15l), and movements were found throughout the rosSTN (n = 153), 47, 29, and 28% of the cells, trocaudal extent of the nucleus, but were respectively, discharged in relation to active most numerous at the rostra1 and caudal arm movements, 10, 11, and 15% to leg poles. Ne ...
Transcripts/2_25 2
... A block diagram of the major structures that project to the brain [S42] a. Eye movements involve quite a few different areas of the brain. Hence, they are susceptible to damage of those areas of the brain. b. Saccadic eye movements are no exception. c. The brainstem saccade generator is the pre-moto ...
... A block diagram of the major structures that project to the brain [S42] a. Eye movements involve quite a few different areas of the brain. Hence, they are susceptible to damage of those areas of the brain. b. Saccadic eye movements are no exception. c. The brainstem saccade generator is the pre-moto ...
Neurological Understanding of Surrogate Healing in
... distinctiveness of a person's consciousness from somebody else's consciousness. In one such experiment a person's arm is anesthetized and it becomes numb as there are no sensations coming in. Now, when this person watches another person being touched, he feels the sensation of his own arm being touc ...
... distinctiveness of a person's consciousness from somebody else's consciousness. In one such experiment a person's arm is anesthetized and it becomes numb as there are no sensations coming in. Now, when this person watches another person being touched, he feels the sensation of his own arm being touc ...
Gating of Sensory Input by Spontaneous Cortical Activity
... The cc measure. To quantify the fine temporal relationship between a neuron and population activity, we assessed the asymmetry of the spiketriggered MUA using a previously described measure, cc, defined as the mean spike time of spike-triggered MUA within a 100 ms time window, which is equivalent ...
... The cc measure. To quantify the fine temporal relationship between a neuron and population activity, we assessed the asymmetry of the spiketriggered MUA using a previously described measure, cc, defined as the mean spike time of spike-triggered MUA within a 100 ms time window, which is equivalent ...
The mind-body problem - BECS / CoE in
... influences” even if they existed at an intensity below that detectable by physical instruments. • There is a two-way traffic between mind and the matterenergy system. • The psycho-kinetics experiments indicate that very slight changes can be produced by mental concentration on moving physical object ...
... influences” even if they existed at an intensity below that detectable by physical instruments. • There is a two-way traffic between mind and the matterenergy system. • The psycho-kinetics experiments indicate that very slight changes can be produced by mental concentration on moving physical object ...
The mind-body problem
... influences” even if they existed at an intensity below that detectable by physical instruments. • There is a two-way traffic between mind and the matterenergy system. • The psycho-kinetics experiments indicate that very slight changes can be produced by mental concentration on moving physical object ...
... influences” even if they existed at an intensity below that detectable by physical instruments. • There is a two-way traffic between mind and the matterenergy system. • The psycho-kinetics experiments indicate that very slight changes can be produced by mental concentration on moving physical object ...
Theme 6. Vision
... Theme 6. Sense of hearing Mechanical vibrations in the air can be experienced as sound if the frequencies and amplitudes are adequate. The vibrations are transmitted to the hair cells in the cochlea via the tympanic membrane and the ossicles. (1) Describe the organisation of the hair cells in the or ...
... Theme 6. Sense of hearing Mechanical vibrations in the air can be experienced as sound if the frequencies and amplitudes are adequate. The vibrations are transmitted to the hair cells in the cochlea via the tympanic membrane and the ossicles. (1) Describe the organisation of the hair cells in the or ...
Coupled Noisy Spiking Neurons as Velocity-Controlled
... One of the two primary classes of models of grid cell spatial firing uses interference between oscillators at dynamically modulated frequencies. Generally, these models are presented in terms of idealized oscillators (modeled as sinusoids), which differ from biological oscillators in multiple import ...
... One of the two primary classes of models of grid cell spatial firing uses interference between oscillators at dynamically modulated frequencies. Generally, these models are presented in terms of idealized oscillators (modeled as sinusoids), which differ from biological oscillators in multiple import ...
Encoding of Action History in the Rat Ventral Striatum
... reward prediction errors. In addition, the process of reinforcement learning would be greatly facilitated if memory signals related to the animal’s recent actions are also available in the same anatomical structure involved in updating the value functions because a reward or penalty resulting from a ...
... reward prediction errors. In addition, the process of reinforcement learning would be greatly facilitated if memory signals related to the animal’s recent actions are also available in the same anatomical structure involved in updating the value functions because a reward or penalty resulting from a ...
US Copyright Law
... describe similar relations in the body as a whole; therefore, the brain's orientation with respect to the body determines the coordinate frame of reference that is used to describe anatomical relationships in the brain. But some confusing aspects of the terminology arise from differences in how the ...
... describe similar relations in the body as a whole; therefore, the brain's orientation with respect to the body determines the coordinate frame of reference that is used to describe anatomical relationships in the brain. But some confusing aspects of the terminology arise from differences in how the ...
Glial cells modulate the synaptic transmission of NTS neurons
... doi: 10.1002/phy2.80 Physiol Rep, 1 (4), 2013, e00080, doi: 10.1002/phy2.80 ...
... doi: 10.1002/phy2.80 Physiol Rep, 1 (4), 2013, e00080, doi: 10.1002/phy2.80 ...
Reinforcement Learning Using a Continuous Time Actor
... Animals repeat rewarded behaviors, but the physiological basis of reward-based learning has only been partially elucidated. On one hand, experimental evidence shows that the neuromodulator dopamine carries information about rewards and affects synaptic plasticity. On the other hand, the theory of re ...
... Animals repeat rewarded behaviors, but the physiological basis of reward-based learning has only been partially elucidated. On one hand, experimental evidence shows that the neuromodulator dopamine carries information about rewards and affects synaptic plasticity. On the other hand, the theory of re ...
Neuroscience 1: Cerebral hemispheres/Telencephalon
... i They are important areas for motor aspect of speech ii Lesion at these areas brings about expressive aphasia AKA non-fluent aphasia/motor aphasia The inability/difficulty to speak Frontal Eyefield o Extends between BA 6&8 (at the depth of the pre-central sulcus) o For voluntary eye movement ...
... i They are important areas for motor aspect of speech ii Lesion at these areas brings about expressive aphasia AKA non-fluent aphasia/motor aphasia The inability/difficulty to speak Frontal Eyefield o Extends between BA 6&8 (at the depth of the pre-central sulcus) o For voluntary eye movement ...
Hypothalamus - aHuman Project
... TRPV4 knock-out mice drink significantly more when infused with ADH-analogue dDAVP (i.e. when water retention is increased, which should result in decreased water intake) than wildtype mice. ...
... TRPV4 knock-out mice drink significantly more when infused with ADH-analogue dDAVP (i.e. when water retention is increased, which should result in decreased water intake) than wildtype mice. ...
article in press - Neurobiology of Vocal Communication
... “coo” calls which lack marked frequency and amplitude modulations. As a consequence, correlations with single-unit activity were calculated in the Larson study only for the call as a whole, not for the moment-to-moment change in acoustic structure. In the Düsterhöft et al. study, it was found that ...
... “coo” calls which lack marked frequency and amplitude modulations. As a consequence, correlations with single-unit activity were calculated in the Larson study only for the call as a whole, not for the moment-to-moment change in acoustic structure. In the Düsterhöft et al. study, it was found that ...
Neuronal Activation in the Medulla Oblongata During Selective
... same neural pathways may be involved in each. Our interest is in which part of these pathways are involved when only the LAR is elicited. Because the LAR can be elicited using a single stimulus (Sasaki and Suzuki 1976), we used a very low rate of stimulation, 0.5 Hz, to prevent the occurrence of swa ...
... same neural pathways may be involved in each. Our interest is in which part of these pathways are involved when only the LAR is elicited. Because the LAR can be elicited using a single stimulus (Sasaki and Suzuki 1976), we used a very low rate of stimulation, 0.5 Hz, to prevent the occurrence of swa ...
Scene perception: inferior temporal cortex neurons encode the
... neurons to the different stimuli as shown by the anovas.] In this way the parafoveal objects’ edges were close to the edge of an object simultaneously presented at the fovea. This condition is termed the ‘close’ condition, because the objects were closely spaced. The stimuli were chosen in prior scr ...
... neurons to the different stimuli as shown by the anovas.] In this way the parafoveal objects’ edges were close to the edge of an object simultaneously presented at the fovea. This condition is termed the ‘close’ condition, because the objects were closely spaced. The stimuli were chosen in prior scr ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.