Sensorimotor cortical influences on cuneate nucleus
... spindle rhythmicity on prethalamic structures such as the DCN. According to the above, the present work aimed to study whether the cerebral cortical rhythmic activity is reflected in the cuneate nucleus and, if so, through which anatomical route. This question is of undoubted functional importance, ...
... spindle rhythmicity on prethalamic structures such as the DCN. According to the above, the present work aimed to study whether the cerebral cortical rhythmic activity is reflected in the cuneate nucleus and, if so, through which anatomical route. This question is of undoubted functional importance, ...
3680Lecture29 - U of L Class Index
... Neural Mechanisms of Consciousness? • So how far does that get us? • Not all that far – we still don’t know what is the mechanism that causes consciousness • But we do know that it is probably distributed rather than at one locus • Thus the question is: what is special about the activity of network ...
... Neural Mechanisms of Consciousness? • So how far does that get us? • Not all that far – we still don’t know what is the mechanism that causes consciousness • But we do know that it is probably distributed rather than at one locus • Thus the question is: what is special about the activity of network ...
Similar Inhibitory Processes Dominate the Responses of Cat Lateral
... continuously monitoring the electroencephalograph (EEG), and supplemental doses of Somnotol (5–7 mg/kg iv) were given as needed to maintain a synchronized EEG pattern. Lidocaine (2%) was applied to all skin incisions. End tidal CO2 concentration was kept at 3.7 { 0.2% (mean { SE), and the rectal tem ...
... continuously monitoring the electroencephalograph (EEG), and supplemental doses of Somnotol (5–7 mg/kg iv) were given as needed to maintain a synchronized EEG pattern. Lidocaine (2%) was applied to all skin incisions. End tidal CO2 concentration was kept at 3.7 { 0.2% (mean { SE), and the rectal tem ...
New dimensions of interneuronal specialization unmasked by
... mu opioid receptors (MORs) [108] and preferentially fire just after the peak of theta (u; the dot indicates the relative time of peak firing rates), and show strong gamma modulation (g; depth of g modulation ‘r’ greater than 0.2, thick green line indicates the approximate range observed across NGFs) ...
... mu opioid receptors (MORs) [108] and preferentially fire just after the peak of theta (u; the dot indicates the relative time of peak firing rates), and show strong gamma modulation (g; depth of g modulation ‘r’ greater than 0.2, thick green line indicates the approximate range observed across NGFs) ...
Dopamine-Independent Locomotion Following Blockade of N
... motor stimulant response, including -opioid, neurotensin, Substance P, ionotropic glutamate (NMDA, AMPA, and kainate subtypes), and GABAA receptors (for review, see Kalivas, 1993). In all instances, the motor stimulant response has been shown to be blocked by dopamine receptor antagonists and/or as ...
... motor stimulant response, including -opioid, neurotensin, Substance P, ionotropic glutamate (NMDA, AMPA, and kainate subtypes), and GABAA receptors (for review, see Kalivas, 1993). In all instances, the motor stimulant response has been shown to be blocked by dopamine receptor antagonists and/or as ...
Chapter 3—The Brain and Behavior
... of the glial cells as the caretakers of the neurons. There are many more glial cells in the human brain than there are neurons, so we know neurons need nutrition and support to function well. Neurons have three parts: dendrites, cell body, and axon. The part of the neuron that receives information i ...
... of the glial cells as the caretakers of the neurons. There are many more glial cells in the human brain than there are neurons, so we know neurons need nutrition and support to function well. Neurons have three parts: dendrites, cell body, and axon. The part of the neuron that receives information i ...
Spinal Nerves
... Ganglion = cluster of neuronal cell bodies in PNS Nucleus = cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS ...
... Ganglion = cluster of neuronal cell bodies in PNS Nucleus = cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS ...
Glycolytic Enzymes Localize to Synapses under Energy Stress to
... that alter the metabolic state of the brain, such as hypoxia, starvation, and hypoglycemia, have profound effects on synaptic transmission and cognitive function (Cherubini et al., 1989; Gold et al., 1995). Even brief interruptions of activity-stimulated ATP synthesis can result in severe impairment ...
... that alter the metabolic state of the brain, such as hypoxia, starvation, and hypoglycemia, have profound effects on synaptic transmission and cognitive function (Cherubini et al., 1989; Gold et al., 1995). Even brief interruptions of activity-stimulated ATP synthesis can result in severe impairment ...
Guided outgrowth of leech neurons in culture
... Guided outgrowth of leech neurons by lanes of native ECM protein resembles guidance of DRG neurons [6, 7]. The length of guided neurites, however, is hundreds of micrometers, i.e. distinctly longer than reported for DRG neurons. Leech neurons do not grow on irradiated substrate in contrast to the DR ...
... Guided outgrowth of leech neurons by lanes of native ECM protein resembles guidance of DRG neurons [6, 7]. The length of guided neurites, however, is hundreds of micrometers, i.e. distinctly longer than reported for DRG neurons. Leech neurons do not grow on irradiated substrate in contrast to the DR ...
Mapping of second order olfactory neurons and ventral
... different species, in particular the olfactory pathways. Due to their highly specialized ability of detecting air-born molecules over long distances, plus an accessible nervous system, noctuid moths have served as favorable model organisms for exploring basic neural principles underlying chemosensor ...
... different species, in particular the olfactory pathways. Due to their highly specialized ability of detecting air-born molecules over long distances, plus an accessible nervous system, noctuid moths have served as favorable model organisms for exploring basic neural principles underlying chemosensor ...
Auditory Cortical Neurons are Sensitive to Static and Continuously
... were presented dichotically. The resulting IPD-sensitivity curves, which plot the number of dischargesevoked by the binaural signal as a function of IPD, were deeply modulated circular functions. IPD functions were analyzed for their mean vector length (r>and mean interaural phase (0). Phase sensiti ...
... were presented dichotically. The resulting IPD-sensitivity curves, which plot the number of dischargesevoked by the binaural signal as a function of IPD, were deeply modulated circular functions. IPD functions were analyzed for their mean vector length (r>and mean interaural phase (0). Phase sensiti ...
Untitled
... vesicular trafficking are highly conserved, not only between different species but also between different vesicle trafficking steps. In all steps, the central machinery involved in the fusion process is composed of members of the SNARE protein family. Their defining feature is an extended coiled-coi ...
... vesicular trafficking are highly conserved, not only between different species but also between different vesicle trafficking steps. In all steps, the central machinery involved in the fusion process is composed of members of the SNARE protein family. Their defining feature is an extended coiled-coi ...
Rule-Selection and Action-Selection have a Shared
... a hierarchy of cognitive and motor processes (Norman and Shallice 1980) that are often associated with the frontal lobes. In this hierarchy, actions are subordinate to the rules that govern them, and they may therefore have a distinct neuroanatomical basis. Based on the integration of results from b ...
... a hierarchy of cognitive and motor processes (Norman and Shallice 1980) that are often associated with the frontal lobes. In this hierarchy, actions are subordinate to the rules that govern them, and they may therefore have a distinct neuroanatomical basis. Based on the integration of results from b ...
Open-loop organization of thalamic reticular nucleus and dorsal
... subthreshold but also to respond to such stimuli with a burst of two to five action potentials. Previous experimental and computational work has established that bursts are a reliable way to send a high-efficacy signal to a postsynaptic target and are likely a more suitable mode for signal detection ...
... subthreshold but also to respond to such stimuli with a burst of two to five action potentials. Previous experimental and computational work has established that bursts are a reliable way to send a high-efficacy signal to a postsynaptic target and are likely a more suitable mode for signal detection ...
Genetic Diversity of Principal Neurons in the Hippocampus
... improvement is due to interactions between the hippocampus and neocortex during sleep, leading to a transfer of newly acquired representations from the hippocampus to neocortex to form long-term memories. Recent studies have provided evidence that the hippocampus plays an important role especially i ...
... improvement is due to interactions between the hippocampus and neocortex during sleep, leading to a transfer of newly acquired representations from the hippocampus to neocortex to form long-term memories. Recent studies have provided evidence that the hippocampus plays an important role especially i ...
Nerve Regeneration in C. elegans after femtosecond laser axotomy
... dendrite of a neuron that connects the cell body to the sensory ending. Next, we incubated the worm with red fluorescent DiI dye to test the dye uptake through dendrite following axotomy. The unoperated neuron was completely filled with DiI-red fluorescent dye. In the operated neuron, only the dista ...
... dendrite of a neuron that connects the cell body to the sensory ending. Next, we incubated the worm with red fluorescent DiI dye to test the dye uptake through dendrite following axotomy. The unoperated neuron was completely filled with DiI-red fluorescent dye. In the operated neuron, only the dista ...
Brainstem: neural networks vital for life
... One major objective of this Royal Society Discussion Meeting was to correct an obvious imbalance in the way in which people, especially students entering the field, think about the nervous system. Vast numbers of nerve cells in the brain are not concerned with learning, memory or perception: they re ...
... One major objective of this Royal Society Discussion Meeting was to correct an obvious imbalance in the way in which people, especially students entering the field, think about the nervous system. Vast numbers of nerve cells in the brain are not concerned with learning, memory or perception: they re ...
Remapping of Border Ownership in the Visual Cortex
... Stimuli and experimental design. Stimuli were generated with Open Inventor on a Pentium 4 Linux workstation with NVIDIA GeForce 6800 graphics card using the anti-aliasing feature of the software and were presented on a 21-inch EIZO FlexScan T965 color monitor with 1600 ⫻ 1200 resolution at 72 Hz ref ...
... Stimuli and experimental design. Stimuli were generated with Open Inventor on a Pentium 4 Linux workstation with NVIDIA GeForce 6800 graphics card using the anti-aliasing feature of the software and were presented on a 21-inch EIZO FlexScan T965 color monitor with 1600 ⫻ 1200 resolution at 72 Hz ref ...
Nucleus Gracilis: An Integrator for Visceral and Somatic Information
... The nucleus gracilis (NG) plays an important role in processing pelvic visceral input and relaying it to the ventral posterolateral (VPL) nucleus of the thalamus. Single cells in the NG that can be antidromically activated from the VPL nucleus or the medial lemniscus (ML) respond to mechanical and c ...
... The nucleus gracilis (NG) plays an important role in processing pelvic visceral input and relaying it to the ventral posterolateral (VPL) nucleus of the thalamus. Single cells in the NG that can be antidromically activated from the VPL nucleus or the medial lemniscus (ML) respond to mechanical and c ...
14132.full - Explore Bristol Research
... known of the neural circuits that mediate the characteristic motor responses associated with vlPAG activation. We recently reported that activation of the vlPAG causes an increase in ␣-motoneuronal excitability, which is thought to support freezing behavior (Koutsikou et al., 2014). Defense behavior ...
... known of the neural circuits that mediate the characteristic motor responses associated with vlPAG activation. We recently reported that activation of the vlPAG causes an increase in ␣-motoneuronal excitability, which is thought to support freezing behavior (Koutsikou et al., 2014). Defense behavior ...
Distribution of neurons in functional areas of the mouse cerebral
... used mouse brain atlas, in which the cerebral cortex has been segmented by careful comparison of cytoarchitectonic, connectivity, and functional data (Franklin and Paxinos, 2007). The availability of these cortical subdivision maps, together with the small brain size, makes the mouse cerebral cortex ...
... used mouse brain atlas, in which the cerebral cortex has been segmented by careful comparison of cytoarchitectonic, connectivity, and functional data (Franklin and Paxinos, 2007). The availability of these cortical subdivision maps, together with the small brain size, makes the mouse cerebral cortex ...
Some insights into computational models of (patho)physiological
... Proceedings of the IEEE, 94(4): 784- 804, 2006 receptors and glutamate receptors, with special emphasis on gating mechanisms. This computational approach allows to bridge several time scales, from sub-nanoseconds protein motions to milliseconds time scale motions involved in channel gating. Underst ...
... Proceedings of the IEEE, 94(4): 784- 804, 2006 receptors and glutamate receptors, with special emphasis on gating mechanisms. This computational approach allows to bridge several time scales, from sub-nanoseconds protein motions to milliseconds time scale motions involved in channel gating. Underst ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Coding of Object Location in
... (Szwed et al. 2003; Yu et al. 2006). Dashed arcs represent collections of pathways and neuronal stations not relevant for this study (see Kleinfeld et al. 2006; Ahissar and Knutsen 2008). Two optional ways to open the motor-sensory loop are depicted. 1) Opening that preserves active touch (Black). T ...
... (Szwed et al. 2003; Yu et al. 2006). Dashed arcs represent collections of pathways and neuronal stations not relevant for this study (see Kleinfeld et al. 2006; Ahissar and Knutsen 2008). Two optional ways to open the motor-sensory loop are depicted. 1) Opening that preserves active touch (Black). T ...
Motor_lesions2009-04-18 00:3983 KB
... ● REFLEXES: superficial reflexes are absent on the affected side as they receive their facilitatory influence from the pyramidal tracts, while the deep reflexes are exaggerated with appearance of clonus. Babinski's sign with its center in S1 & S2 is positive. ● WASTING OF THE MUSCLE: is very slight ...
... ● REFLEXES: superficial reflexes are absent on the affected side as they receive their facilitatory influence from the pyramidal tracts, while the deep reflexes are exaggerated with appearance of clonus. Babinski's sign with its center in S1 & S2 is positive. ● WASTING OF THE MUSCLE: is very slight ...
cortex
... lateral olfactory tract. It also contains the cortical amygdaloid nuclei and part of the hippocampal formation, which has become extruded from the temporal or inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. The remaining cortex of the anterior parahippocampal gyrus is the entorhinal cortex, area 28, which i ...
... lateral olfactory tract. It also contains the cortical amygdaloid nuclei and part of the hippocampal formation, which has become extruded from the temporal or inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. The remaining cortex of the anterior parahippocampal gyrus is the entorhinal cortex, area 28, which i ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.