Neural Coding and Auditory Perception
... degradation in ITD-sensitivity, with more severe effects at higher frequencies. Model simulations suggest that the reduction in information at higher frequencies can be partially, but not entirely, accounted for by the differential effects of reverberation on stimulus fine-structure and envelopes. W ...
... degradation in ITD-sensitivity, with more severe effects at higher frequencies. Model simulations suggest that the reduction in information at higher frequencies can be partially, but not entirely, accounted for by the differential effects of reverberation on stimulus fine-structure and envelopes. W ...
cortex
... lateral olfactory tract. It also contains the cortical amygdaloid nuclei and part of the hippocampal formation, which has become extruded from the temporal or inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. The remaining cortex of the anterior parahippocampal gyrus is the entorhinal cortex, area 28, which i ...
... lateral olfactory tract. It also contains the cortical amygdaloid nuclei and part of the hippocampal formation, which has become extruded from the temporal or inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. The remaining cortex of the anterior parahippocampal gyrus is the entorhinal cortex, area 28, which i ...
Tsutsui (2004) Neural mechanisms of three
... most disparity sensitive neurons in V1 was found to alter when the absolute disparity was changed, leaving the relative disparity constant (Cumming and Parker, 1999). We found a group of disparity sensitive neurons in area CIP (caudal intraparietal) in the parietal cortex, which borders V3A and LIP ...
... most disparity sensitive neurons in V1 was found to alter when the absolute disparity was changed, leaving the relative disparity constant (Cumming and Parker, 1999). We found a group of disparity sensitive neurons in area CIP (caudal intraparietal) in the parietal cortex, which borders V3A and LIP ...
SOM
... • Neural networks for unsupervised learning attempt to discover special patterns from available data without using external help (i.e. RISK FUNCTION). – There is no information about the desired class (or output ) d of an example x. So only x is given. – Self Organising Maps (SOM) are neural network ...
... • Neural networks for unsupervised learning attempt to discover special patterns from available data without using external help (i.e. RISK FUNCTION). – There is no information about the desired class (or output ) d of an example x. So only x is given. – Self Organising Maps (SOM) are neural network ...
sympathetic division
... • Hirschsprung disease – hereditary defect causing absence of enteric nervous system – no innervation in sigmoid colon and rectum – constricts permanently and will not allow passage of feces – feces becomes impacted above constriction – megacolon – massive dilation of bowel accompanied by abdominal ...
... • Hirschsprung disease – hereditary defect causing absence of enteric nervous system – no innervation in sigmoid colon and rectum – constricts permanently and will not allow passage of feces – feces becomes impacted above constriction – megacolon – massive dilation of bowel accompanied by abdominal ...
Document
... • Raises blood glucose levels • Mobilizes fat as a food source • Stimulates the reticular activating system (RAS) of the brain, increasing mental alertness ...
... • Raises blood glucose levels • Mobilizes fat as a food source • Stimulates the reticular activating system (RAS) of the brain, increasing mental alertness ...
17. Pathways and Integrative Functions
... stretch in muscles, and tension in tendons. (Note: Visceral pain pathways will be discussed in chapter 19.) Sensory receptors detect stimuli and then conduct nerve impulses to the central nervous system. Sensory pathway centers within either the spinal cord or the brainstem process and filter the in ...
... stretch in muscles, and tension in tendons. (Note: Visceral pain pathways will be discussed in chapter 19.) Sensory receptors detect stimuli and then conduct nerve impulses to the central nervous system. Sensory pathway centers within either the spinal cord or the brainstem process and filter the in ...
Spinal motor neurons are regenerated after
... Importantly, we did not observe any olig2:GFP/sox10:mRFP doublelabeled cells that were labeled by the TUNEL reaction, indicating that lower numbers of oligodendrocyte-lineage cells were not due to increased cell death (Fig. S3). To determine whether a sub-class of pMN progenitors might show selectiv ...
... Importantly, we did not observe any olig2:GFP/sox10:mRFP doublelabeled cells that were labeled by the TUNEL reaction, indicating that lower numbers of oligodendrocyte-lineage cells were not due to increased cell death (Fig. S3). To determine whether a sub-class of pMN progenitors might show selectiv ...
189084_189084 - espace@Curtin
... Dopamine neurons have been a focus of scientific attention ever since the discovery of dopamine as an important neurotransmitter in its own right (Carlsson et al. 1962), and the observation that it was significantly depleted in the brains of patients with Parkinson‟s disease (Davie 2008; Hornykiewic ...
... Dopamine neurons have been a focus of scientific attention ever since the discovery of dopamine as an important neurotransmitter in its own right (Carlsson et al. 1962), and the observation that it was significantly depleted in the brains of patients with Parkinson‟s disease (Davie 2008; Hornykiewic ...
Coding of relative size in monkey inferotemporal cortex
... between the stimuli, we first calculated a measure of population dissimilarity for each pair of versions, which was simply the absolute difference in firing rate elicited by the two versions averaged across the relevant population, in a window of 70 –270 ms after image onset (other time intervals yi ...
... between the stimuli, we first calculated a measure of population dissimilarity for each pair of versions, which was simply the absolute difference in firing rate elicited by the two versions averaged across the relevant population, in a window of 70 –270 ms after image onset (other time intervals yi ...
THE REGULATION OF SLEEP AND WAKEFULNESS BY THE
... were identified. Interestingly, it was shown that hypothalamic regions preferentially innervate orexin neurons in the medial and perifornical parts of the field, and that most projections from the brainstem target the lateral part of the field17). This indicates that subpopulations of orexin neurons ...
... were identified. Interestingly, it was shown that hypothalamic regions preferentially innervate orexin neurons in the medial and perifornical parts of the field, and that most projections from the brainstem target the lateral part of the field17). This indicates that subpopulations of orexin neurons ...
week08
... of the organization of such maps is genetically determined, BUT: The brain is estimated to have ~1013 synapses (connections), so it would be impossible to produce this organization by specifying each connection in detail – the genome does not contain that much information CSE5230 - Data Mining, 20 ...
... of the organization of such maps is genetically determined, BUT: The brain is estimated to have ~1013 synapses (connections), so it would be impossible to produce this organization by specifying each connection in detail – the genome does not contain that much information CSE5230 - Data Mining, 20 ...
Target-specific differences in somatodendritic morphology of layer V
... Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China ...
... Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China ...
Douglas B. Webster and Molly Webster
... non-NMDA-type ionotropic receptor for glutamate that mediates fast synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS). Its name is derived from its ability to be activated by the artificial glutamate analog, AMPA. AMPARs are found in many parts of the brain and are the most commonly found rec ...
... non-NMDA-type ionotropic receptor for glutamate that mediates fast synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS). Its name is derived from its ability to be activated by the artificial glutamate analog, AMPA. AMPARs are found in many parts of the brain and are the most commonly found rec ...
Information Optimization in Coupled Audio–Visual Cortical Maps Mehran Kardar A. Zee
... So far, we have treated sight and sound on the same footing. It is reasonable to assume that under most (well lit) conditions the quality of visual information is much higher than the aural one. For ease of computation, we shall further assume that the actual signal to noise ratio is quite small, re ...
... So far, we have treated sight and sound on the same footing. It is reasonable to assume that under most (well lit) conditions the quality of visual information is much higher than the aural one. For ease of computation, we shall further assume that the actual signal to noise ratio is quite small, re ...
Chapter 3—The Brain and Behavior
... in the nervous system. Think of the glial cells as the caretakers of the neurons. There are many more glial cells in the human brain than there are neurons, so we know neurons need nutrition and support to function well. Neurons have three parts: dendrites, cell body, and axon. The part of the neuro ...
... in the nervous system. Think of the glial cells as the caretakers of the neurons. There are many more glial cells in the human brain than there are neurons, so we know neurons need nutrition and support to function well. Neurons have three parts: dendrites, cell body, and axon. The part of the neuro ...
PDF
... indirect, methods to measure dopamine concentration in the striatum. By contrast, many other studies track the firing of dopaminergic neurons by recording electrical activity in the midbrain, where the cell bodies lie (Fig. 1a). Such recordings from rats running through mazes have yet to be reported ...
... indirect, methods to measure dopamine concentration in the striatum. By contrast, many other studies track the firing of dopaminergic neurons by recording electrical activity in the midbrain, where the cell bodies lie (Fig. 1a). Such recordings from rats running through mazes have yet to be reported ...
Axonal morphometry of hippocampal pyramidal neurons semi
... Ishizuka et al. 1995; Turner et al. 1995; Pyapali et al. 1998). In particular, axonal arbors of pyramidal cells in area CA3 are much more extensive than their dendritic counterparts, reaching out to hundreds of thousands of potential post-synaptic targets (Ishizuka et al. 1990; Li et al. 1994; Wittn ...
... Ishizuka et al. 1995; Turner et al. 1995; Pyapali et al. 1998). In particular, axonal arbors of pyramidal cells in area CA3 are much more extensive than their dendritic counterparts, reaching out to hundreds of thousands of potential post-synaptic targets (Ishizuka et al. 1990; Li et al. 1994; Wittn ...
3 The Third-Person View of the Mind
... have probably stubbed your toe and thought to yourself, "that's going to hurt." Several seconds later the pain begins. This is because the neurons in your toe that detect pressure send their signals to the brain by fast myelinated axons. However, sensations of pain are conducted along unmyelinated a ...
... have probably stubbed your toe and thought to yourself, "that's going to hurt." Several seconds later the pain begins. This is because the neurons in your toe that detect pressure send their signals to the brain by fast myelinated axons. However, sensations of pain are conducted along unmyelinated a ...
Release of chemical transmitters from cell bodies and dendrites of
... There is evidence that the activation volume of fusion complexes regulates the kinetics of exocytosis and therefore, the probability of its fusion with the plasma membrane. The role of the activation volume has been studied by applying hydrostatic pressure to chromaffin cells (see [26]). The reactio ...
... There is evidence that the activation volume of fusion complexes regulates the kinetics of exocytosis and therefore, the probability of its fusion with the plasma membrane. The role of the activation volume has been studied by applying hydrostatic pressure to chromaffin cells (see [26]). The reactio ...
Rhythmic Spontaneous Activity in the Piriform Cortex
... Figure 2. Characteristics of the spontaneous rhythmic activity in the piriform network. (A) Autocorrelogram and mean frequency (horizontal line) of multiunit activity in layer III. The inset shows how duration was measured at the point where the mean frequency line crossed the central peak. The 2 d ...
... Figure 2. Characteristics of the spontaneous rhythmic activity in the piriform network. (A) Autocorrelogram and mean frequency (horizontal line) of multiunit activity in layer III. The inset shows how duration was measured at the point where the mean frequency line crossed the central peak. The 2 d ...
Document
... scene. If a background is used in an experiment described here, the same background is always used, and it is always in the same position, with stimuli moved to different positions on it. The nine stimulus locations are arranged in a square grid across the background, where the grid spacings are 32 ...
... scene. If a background is used in an experiment described here, the same background is always used, and it is always in the same position, with stimuli moved to different positions on it. The nine stimulus locations are arranged in a square grid across the background, where the grid spacings are 32 ...
Neural Computation and Neuromodulation Underlying Social
... Wu et al. 2014). Changes in social behavior associated with dysfunction of the VNO generally represent a loss of specificity for the behavior itself as opposed to a failure to display social behaviors in general (Stowers et al. 2002). Indeed, volatile odors detected through the main olfactory system ...
... Wu et al. 2014). Changes in social behavior associated with dysfunction of the VNO generally represent a loss of specificity for the behavior itself as opposed to a failure to display social behaviors in general (Stowers et al. 2002). Indeed, volatile odors detected through the main olfactory system ...
Cell Body - Cloudfront.net
... sensory for balance and hearing IX Glossopharyngeal nerve – sensory for taste; motor fibers to the pharynx X Vagus nerves – sensory and motor fibers for pharynx, larynx, and viscera ...
... sensory for balance and hearing IX Glossopharyngeal nerve – sensory for taste; motor fibers to the pharynx X Vagus nerves – sensory and motor fibers for pharynx, larynx, and viscera ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.