Uppers Downers & All Arounders
... spread to Arabia then Europe • Classified as a drug and banned in many cultures ...
... spread to Arabia then Europe • Classified as a drug and banned in many cultures ...
Stress and Coping
... • Digestive processes decrease Sympathetic activation prepares the body for intense motor activity ...
... • Digestive processes decrease Sympathetic activation prepares the body for intense motor activity ...
Cocaine & Amphetamines
... Poor academic performance Behavioral problems Cognitive slowing General maladjustment ...
... Poor academic performance Behavioral problems Cognitive slowing General maladjustment ...
Question 2`s
... and autonomic. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles. The autonomic system controls self‐regulated actions of internal glands. It’s in control of the parasympathetic and sympathetic areas of the nervous system. Parasympathetic conserves energy to calm you dow ...
... and autonomic. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles. The autonomic system controls self‐regulated actions of internal glands. It’s in control of the parasympathetic and sympathetic areas of the nervous system. Parasympathetic conserves energy to calm you dow ...
1 BIOL 2401 CHAPTER 15: THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
... 5. Uptake of ACh - Quickly inactivated by ______________ making effects brief. B. Andrenergic Neurons – release NE (aka. noradrenalin) from synaptic vesicles via exocytosis causing excitation OR inhibition. Present in: 1. Most sympathetic postganglionic neurons (except sweat glands). Effector cells ...
... 5. Uptake of ACh - Quickly inactivated by ______________ making effects brief. B. Andrenergic Neurons – release NE (aka. noradrenalin) from synaptic vesicles via exocytosis causing excitation OR inhibition. Present in: 1. Most sympathetic postganglionic neurons (except sweat glands). Effector cells ...
NOOTROPIC DRUGS
... It is found in the leaves and beans of the coffee plant, in tea, yerba mate, and guarana berries, and in small quantities in cocoa, the kola nut and the Yaupon Holly. Overall, caffeine is found in the beans, leaves, and fruit of over 60 plants, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and ...
... It is found in the leaves and beans of the coffee plant, in tea, yerba mate, and guarana berries, and in small quantities in cocoa, the kola nut and the Yaupon Holly. Overall, caffeine is found in the beans, leaves, and fruit of over 60 plants, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and ...
Endocrinology - Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
... Norepinephrine and Epinephrine. 4. Regulations of Secretion a. TRH increases TSH which stimulates T4 and T 3. b. T4 and T 3 have negative feedback on TRH and TSH. c. Cold increases thyroid hormone production and heat decreases. C. Thyroid Deficiency and Antithyroid Compounds 1. Thyroid hormone secre ...
... Norepinephrine and Epinephrine. 4. Regulations of Secretion a. TRH increases TSH which stimulates T4 and T 3. b. T4 and T 3 have negative feedback on TRH and TSH. c. Cold increases thyroid hormone production and heat decreases. C. Thyroid Deficiency and Antithyroid Compounds 1. Thyroid hormone secre ...
NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
... • May boost serotonin, norepinephrine by mild MAO inhibition; may also boost GABA and dopamine to varying degrees • Also appears to decrease cytokines and hormones of the stress response (IL-6 and cortisol) that may be responsible for mild depression—INTERESTING EFFECT as it’s the ONLY drug that has ...
... • May boost serotonin, norepinephrine by mild MAO inhibition; may also boost GABA and dopamine to varying degrees • Also appears to decrease cytokines and hormones of the stress response (IL-6 and cortisol) that may be responsible for mild depression—INTERESTING EFFECT as it’s the ONLY drug that has ...
antidepressant drug overdoses
... are associated with depression, migraine, bipolar disorder, and anxiety. An antidepressant’s effectiveness and potential side effects are determined by its specificity for each neurotransmitter. The major antidepressant groups encountered in cases of accidental ingestion are tricyclic antidepressant ...
... are associated with depression, migraine, bipolar disorder, and anxiety. An antidepressant’s effectiveness and potential side effects are determined by its specificity for each neurotransmitter. The major antidepressant groups encountered in cases of accidental ingestion are tricyclic antidepressant ...
N receptors
... • shunts blood away from the skin and viscera to the skeletal muscles, brain, and heart • inhibits peristalsis in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract • inhibits contraction of the bladder and rectum ...
... • shunts blood away from the skin and viscera to the skeletal muscles, brain, and heart • inhibits peristalsis in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract • inhibits contraction of the bladder and rectum ...
The endocrine system
... • Has an endocrine and exocrine function. • Endocrine – releases juices directly into the bloodstream. ...
... • Has an endocrine and exocrine function. • Endocrine – releases juices directly into the bloodstream. ...
lec#6 ANS - DENTISTRY 2012
... the response to stressful situation, such as trauma, fear, clod, exercise (Fight or flight response) ...
... the response to stressful situation, such as trauma, fear, clod, exercise (Fight or flight response) ...
CHAPTER 18 STUDY GUIDE
... hGH – human growth hormone (somatotropin) stimulates several tissues to secrete insulin like growth factors that stimulate general body growth and regulate aspects of metabolism TSH – thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) controls secretions and activities of the thyroid gland FSH – follicle sti ...
... hGH – human growth hormone (somatotropin) stimulates several tissues to secrete insulin like growth factors that stimulate general body growth and regulate aspects of metabolism TSH – thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) controls secretions and activities of the thyroid gland FSH – follicle sti ...
chapter 18 study guide
... hGH – human growth hormone (somatotropin) stimulates several tissues to secrete insulin like growth factors that stimulate general body growth and regulate aspects of metabolism TSH – thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) controls secretions and activities of the thyroid gland FSH – follicle sti ...
... hGH – human growth hormone (somatotropin) stimulates several tissues to secrete insulin like growth factors that stimulate general body growth and regulate aspects of metabolism TSH – thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) controls secretions and activities of the thyroid gland FSH – follicle sti ...
Adrenal Glands
... • In males, after puberty the hormone testosterone is secreted in much larger quantities so DHEA has virtually no effect. • In females, DHEA and other adrenal androgens play a major role in promoting libido and are converted to estrogens. • In menopausal women, all female estrogens come from adrenal ...
... • In males, after puberty the hormone testosterone is secreted in much larger quantities so DHEA has virtually no effect. • In females, DHEA and other adrenal androgens play a major role in promoting libido and are converted to estrogens. • In menopausal women, all female estrogens come from adrenal ...
Lecture presentation - TMA Department Sites
... Drug Effects and Therapeutic Uses Alpha-Blockers • Cause both arterial and venous dilation, reducing peripheral vascular resistance and BP • Used to treat hypertension • Effect on receptors on prostate gland and bladder decreased resistance to urinary outflow, thus reducing urinary obstruction and r ...
... Drug Effects and Therapeutic Uses Alpha-Blockers • Cause both arterial and venous dilation, reducing peripheral vascular resistance and BP • Used to treat hypertension • Effect on receptors on prostate gland and bladder decreased resistance to urinary outflow, thus reducing urinary obstruction and r ...
NutriCalm for Dogs
... and to have an affinity for NMDA receptors. (Nathan 2006) Theanine promotes alpha wave production in the brain. (Gomez-Ramirez 2007 ) Studies indicate that theanine increases the level of GABA (gamma-amino-butyric acid), an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. As such, GABA balances e ...
... and to have an affinity for NMDA receptors. (Nathan 2006) Theanine promotes alpha wave production in the brain. (Gomez-Ramirez 2007 ) Studies indicate that theanine increases the level of GABA (gamma-amino-butyric acid), an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. As such, GABA balances e ...
Noradrenergic Suppression of Synaptic Transmission May Influence Cortical Signal-to-Noise Ratio
... included the following: suppression of intrinsic excitation (feedback excitation) —as presented here, suppression of pyramidal cell input to inhibitory interneurons (feedback inhibition) (Doze et al. 1991), and depolarization of inhibitory interneurons (Doze et al. 1996; Gellman and Aghajanian 1993) ...
... included the following: suppression of intrinsic excitation (feedback excitation) —as presented here, suppression of pyramidal cell input to inhibitory interneurons (feedback inhibition) (Doze et al. 1991), and depolarization of inhibitory interneurons (Doze et al. 1996; Gellman and Aghajanian 1993) ...
neurons - McMurray VMC
... Cell Body: Life support center of the neuron. Dendrites: Branching extensions at the cell body. Receive messages from other neurons. Axon: Long single extension of a neuron, covered with myelin [MY-uh-lin] sheath to insulate and speed up ...
... Cell Body: Life support center of the neuron. Dendrites: Branching extensions at the cell body. Receive messages from other neurons. Axon: Long single extension of a neuron, covered with myelin [MY-uh-lin] sheath to insulate and speed up ...
Unit 5 Respiratory drugs - Faculty Sites
... sickness and n/v Antihistamines may also be used for vertigo and insomnia Contraindications: ◦ Hx of heart disease, narrow angle glaucoma, seizure disorder, CNS stimulation, renal impairment,or prostate disease.; no use with asthma ...
... sickness and n/v Antihistamines may also be used for vertigo and insomnia Contraindications: ◦ Hx of heart disease, narrow angle glaucoma, seizure disorder, CNS stimulation, renal impairment,or prostate disease.; no use with asthma ...
Respiratory drugs - Suny-perfusion
... B. Anticholinergic bronchodilators 1. muscarinic receptors • The lung is innervated not only by sympathetic nerve fibers (the blood vessels and glands of the lungs), but also by parasympathetic nerve fibers (the mucous glands and smooth muscle). ...
... B. Anticholinergic bronchodilators 1. muscarinic receptors • The lung is innervated not only by sympathetic nerve fibers (the blood vessels and glands of the lungs), but also by parasympathetic nerve fibers (the mucous glands and smooth muscle). ...
chapt09_lecture
... 1. Can be epinephrine in the blood or norepinephrine from sympathetic nerves 2. Can stimulate or inhibit, depending on receptors a. Stimulation: heart, dilatory muscles of the iris, smooth muscles of many blood vessels (causes vessel constriction) b. Inhibition: Bronchioles in lungs, other blood ves ...
... 1. Can be epinephrine in the blood or norepinephrine from sympathetic nerves 2. Can stimulate or inhibit, depending on receptors a. Stimulation: heart, dilatory muscles of the iris, smooth muscles of many blood vessels (causes vessel constriction) b. Inhibition: Bronchioles in lungs, other blood ves ...
Psychoactive Drugs and Addiction
... 4. Pscychedelics (ex., lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], mescaline, marijuana, ecstasy, psilocybin [from some mushrooms]) How do stimulants work? Each subtype has different mechanism of action: - Behavioral stimulants generally work by blocking dopamine reuptake at the synapse and some even produce ...
... 4. Pscychedelics (ex., lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], mescaline, marijuana, ecstasy, psilocybin [from some mushrooms]) How do stimulants work? Each subtype has different mechanism of action: - Behavioral stimulants generally work by blocking dopamine reuptake at the synapse and some even produce ...
The Pharmacological Constituents of Mescaline
... More direct approach: rather than the typical synaptic excitation of tens of milliseconds, excitation lasts for hundreds of milliseconds Once NE activates the A1-receptors; however, these long-lasting A1 responses are not sufficient in prompting the next nerve cell to fire: no (EPSP) activation Rath ...
... More direct approach: rather than the typical synaptic excitation of tens of milliseconds, excitation lasts for hundreds of milliseconds Once NE activates the A1-receptors; however, these long-lasting A1 responses are not sufficient in prompting the next nerve cell to fire: no (EPSP) activation Rath ...
The Endocrine System
... A group of ductless glands that release hormones into the circulatory system ...
... A group of ductless glands that release hormones into the circulatory system ...
Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine, also called noradrenaline, is an organic chemical in the catecholamine family that functions in the human brain and body as a hormone and neurotransmitter. Noradrenaline is the common name in the United Kingdom (BAN), while norepinephrine is the International Nonproprietary Name and typically used in the United States. Areas of the body that produce or are affected by norepinephrine are referred to everywhere as noradrenergic.Norepinephrine is synthesized and released by the central nervous system and also by a division of the autonomic nervous system called the sympathetic nervous system. In the brain, norepinephrine comes from several nuclei that are small in size but project to most other parts of the brain and exert powerful effects on their targets. The most important source of norepinephrine in the brain is the locus coeruleus, located in the pons. In the sympathetic nervous system norepinephrine is used as a neurotransmitter by sympathetic ganglia located near the spinal cord or in the abdomen, and is also released directly into the bloodstream by the adrenal glands. Regardless of how and where it is released, norepinephrine acts on target cells by binding to and activating noradrenergic receptors located on the cell surface.In the most basic terms, the function of norepinephrine is to mobilize the brain and body for action. Norepinephrine release is lowest during sleep, rises during wakefulness, and reaches much higher levels during situations of stress or danger, in what has been called the fight-or-flight response. In the brain norepinephrine increases arousal and alertness, promotes vigilance, enhances formation and retrieval of memory, and focuses attention; it also increases restlessness and anxiety. In the rest of the body, norepinephrine increases heart rate and blood pressure, triggers the release of glucose from energy stores, increases blood flow to skeletal muscle, reduces blood flow to the gastrointestinal system, and promotes voiding of the bladder and large intestines.A variety of medically important drugs work by altering the actions of norepinephrine systems. Norepinephrine itself is widely used as an injectable drug for the treatment of critically low blood pressure. Beta blockers, which counter some of the effects of norepinephrine, are frequently used to treat glaucoma, migraine, and a range of cardiovascular problems. Alpha blockers, which counter a different set of norepinephrine effects, are used to treat several cardiovascular and psychiatric conditions. Alpha-2 agonists often have a sedating effect, and are commonly used as anesthesia-enhancers in surgery, as well as in treatment of drug or alcohol dependence. Many important psychiatric drugs exert strong effects on norepinephrine systems in the brain, resulting in side-effects that may be helpful or harmful.