Adverse effects
... Therapeutic Use: Psychosis, Bipolar Disorder, adjunctive treatment for resistant depression Adverse effects: Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) (less likely, but possible) Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) – few cases reported. Anticholinergic effects, Orthostatic Hypotension, sedation, neuroendocrine ...
... Therapeutic Use: Psychosis, Bipolar Disorder, adjunctive treatment for resistant depression Adverse effects: Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) (less likely, but possible) Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) – few cases reported. Anticholinergic effects, Orthostatic Hypotension, sedation, neuroendocrine ...
chasing_the_dragon_grand_rounds2
... • Levomethamphetamine is CNS-inactive and used as non-prescription over-the-counter nasal decongestant • Methamphetamine has an additional methyl group compared to amphetamine which increases the lipophilicity and CNS activity of methamphetamine ...
... • Levomethamphetamine is CNS-inactive and used as non-prescription over-the-counter nasal decongestant • Methamphetamine has an additional methyl group compared to amphetamine which increases the lipophilicity and CNS activity of methamphetamine ...
Chapter 14 Marieb
... secretes Acetylcholine. THE PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM! THE PANS! The overall function of the PANS is “rest and digest.” It is the dominant system when the body is at rest and non-stressed. The PANS allows for relaxed completion of daily activities, and it maintains homeostasis under normal cond ...
... secretes Acetylcholine. THE PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM! THE PANS! The overall function of the PANS is “rest and digest.” It is the dominant system when the body is at rest and non-stressed. The PANS allows for relaxed completion of daily activities, and it maintains homeostasis under normal cond ...
antiparkinsonian drugs
... Two types of monoamine oxidase (MAO) have been distinguished. Monoamine oxidase (A) metabolizes norepinephrine and serotonin,dopamine; monoamine oxidase (B) metabolizes dopamine selectively. Selegiline (deprenyl) and rasagiline: Mechanism of action: • Selective irreversible inhibitors of monoamine o ...
... Two types of monoamine oxidase (MAO) have been distinguished. Monoamine oxidase (A) metabolizes norepinephrine and serotonin,dopamine; monoamine oxidase (B) metabolizes dopamine selectively. Selegiline (deprenyl) and rasagiline: Mechanism of action: • Selective irreversible inhibitors of monoamine o ...
Objectives for Chapter 9
... 1. Define negative feedback and understand how the endocrine system uses negative feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. 2. Know the 3 different kinds of hormones and their mechanisms of action (i.e. how they bring about their effect in the body) 3. Locate on a diagram and describe the functio ...
... 1. Define negative feedback and understand how the endocrine system uses negative feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. 2. Know the 3 different kinds of hormones and their mechanisms of action (i.e. how they bring about their effect in the body) 3. Locate on a diagram and describe the functio ...
What neurons are
... set becomes relaxed; therefore synapses are connected so that the excitation of one leads to the decreased excitation (or inhibition) of another. • Pinch a dog’s foot vigorously, and not only will the flexor muscles of the leg contract, but so will the extensor muscles of the other three legs. At th ...
... set becomes relaxed; therefore synapses are connected so that the excitation of one leads to the decreased excitation (or inhibition) of another. • Pinch a dog’s foot vigorously, and not only will the flexor muscles of the leg contract, but so will the extensor muscles of the other three legs. At th ...
Angiotensin II Increases Norepinephrine Release
... ligand PD 123319 in concentrations up to 10"4 mol/L had no detectable influence on the effect of Ang II and was also without effect when applied alone (Fig 3). Effects of Angiotensin I The precursor of Ang II, Ang I, also increased the stimulation-induced release of radioactivity (Fig 4). However, t ...
... ligand PD 123319 in concentrations up to 10"4 mol/L had no detectable influence on the effect of Ang II and was also without effect when applied alone (Fig 3). Effects of Angiotensin I The precursor of Ang II, Ang I, also increased the stimulation-induced release of radioactivity (Fig 4). However, t ...
chapter 39 - section 2
... The release of hormones from the adrenal medulla prepares the body for energy intense activities. The two hormones released by the adrenal medulla are epinephrine and norepinephrine. ...
... The release of hormones from the adrenal medulla prepares the body for energy intense activities. The two hormones released by the adrenal medulla are epinephrine and norepinephrine. ...
The Endocrine System
... amount of sodium excreted in urine (a key part of regulating blood pressure and blood volume) • Also produces Hydrocortisone, Corticosterone and Androgen which play a role in metabolizing fats, proteins and carbohydrates, as well as inhibiting inflammation of tissues ...
... amount of sodium excreted in urine (a key part of regulating blood pressure and blood volume) • Also produces Hydrocortisone, Corticosterone and Androgen which play a role in metabolizing fats, proteins and carbohydrates, as well as inhibiting inflammation of tissues ...
PRE-ANESTHETIC AGENTS
... To reduce pain & discomfort: some pre-anesthetic agents last long enough to be effective post-operatively ...
... To reduce pain & discomfort: some pre-anesthetic agents last long enough to be effective post-operatively ...
Social brains on drugs: tools for neuromodulation
... neuromodulator production when the enzyme that produces the neuromodulator is not normally saturated. For instance, serotonin production can be enhanced by supplementation or loading of its precursor, the amino acid tryptophan. This is because the rate-limiting enzyme that converts tryptophan to ser ...
... neuromodulator production when the enzyme that produces the neuromodulator is not normally saturated. For instance, serotonin production can be enhanced by supplementation or loading of its precursor, the amino acid tryptophan. This is because the rate-limiting enzyme that converts tryptophan to ser ...
Unit 2 Biology of Behavior
... receiving neuron. The tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap or synaptic cleft. ...
... receiving neuron. The tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap or synaptic cleft. ...
Stress Pathways - Vision Therapy Canada
... amygdala releases corticotropin-releasing hormone, which stimulates the brain stem (4) to activate the sympathetic nervous system via the spinal cord (5). In response, the adrenal glands produce the stress hormone epinephrine; a different pathway simultaneously triggers the adrenals to release gluco ...
... amygdala releases corticotropin-releasing hormone, which stimulates the brain stem (4) to activate the sympathetic nervous system via the spinal cord (5). In response, the adrenal glands produce the stress hormone epinephrine; a different pathway simultaneously triggers the adrenals to release gluco ...
Chapter 6 - Sensory - Austin Community College
... • The ANS operates without conscious control; it is primarily regulated by the hypothalamus and the medulla oblongata with input from the limbic system and other regions of the cerebrum. • The afferent component of the ANS consists of general visceral sensory neurons. Interoreceptors such as chemore ...
... • The ANS operates without conscious control; it is primarily regulated by the hypothalamus and the medulla oblongata with input from the limbic system and other regions of the cerebrum. • The afferent component of the ANS consists of general visceral sensory neurons. Interoreceptors such as chemore ...
Autism Spectrum/Developmental Delays
... Laboratory Findings: Nutrient extraction and absorption were a demonstrated problem in Dara’s case. She had a previously diagnosed iron deficiency. This along with low levels of copper affected key enzyme pathways making the production of some neurotransmitter from her diet an ongoing challenge. A s ...
... Laboratory Findings: Nutrient extraction and absorption were a demonstrated problem in Dara’s case. She had a previously diagnosed iron deficiency. This along with low levels of copper affected key enzyme pathways making the production of some neurotransmitter from her diet an ongoing challenge. A s ...
Sherwood 7
... – Adrenergic receptors – bind to norepinephrine and epinephrine • G protein coupled • Alpha (α) receptors - Ca second messenger system - a 1= stimulates cyclic amp, sympathetic tissues, vessel constriction, contraction of smooth muscle, constrictor - a 2 blocks cyclic amp, decreases smooth muscle co ...
... – Adrenergic receptors – bind to norepinephrine and epinephrine • G protein coupled • Alpha (α) receptors - Ca second messenger system - a 1= stimulates cyclic amp, sympathetic tissues, vessel constriction, contraction of smooth muscle, constrictor - a 2 blocks cyclic amp, decreases smooth muscle co ...
Adrenal medulla
... How does it feel to be stressed? What are the two main messenger systems of the body? What is the name of the model which explains stress stress that Selye (1956) introduced? What are the names of the main pathways involved in the stress response? When is the HPAC pathway activated? Explain how the ...
... How does it feel to be stressed? What are the two main messenger systems of the body? What is the name of the model which explains stress stress that Selye (1956) introduced? What are the names of the main pathways involved in the stress response? When is the HPAC pathway activated? Explain how the ...
Amino Acids - Huntington College of Health Sciences
... cholecystokinin (CCK) and the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. Phenylalanine is actually converted into tyrosine in the body. Tyrosine is important in the regeneration of red and white blood cells, the development of cells and tissues, and the activity of the adrenal, pituitary, and thyroid glands. ...
... cholecystokinin (CCK) and the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. Phenylalanine is actually converted into tyrosine in the body. Tyrosine is important in the regeneration of red and white blood cells, the development of cells and tissues, and the activity of the adrenal, pituitary, and thyroid glands. ...
Introduction to Psychology
... trigger more neurons to fire, and to fire more often, but it does not affect the action potentials strength or speed. Intensity of an action potential remains the same throughout the length of the axon. ...
... trigger more neurons to fire, and to fire more often, but it does not affect the action potentials strength or speed. Intensity of an action potential remains the same throughout the length of the axon. ...
Lect 6 hormones 2
... • Produced in parafollicle cells of the thyroid gland (C-cells) • High Blood Ca++ stimulates release of calcitonin (also by a calcium-sensing receptor) • Act to decrease blood Ca++ by ...
... • Produced in parafollicle cells of the thyroid gland (C-cells) • High Blood Ca++ stimulates release of calcitonin (also by a calcium-sensing receptor) • Act to decrease blood Ca++ by ...
Antihypertensive Drugs (CVS)
... All the above metabolic side effects – higher doses (50 – 100 mg per day) But, its observed that these adverse effects are minimal with low doses (12.5 to 25 mg) ...
... All the above metabolic side effects – higher doses (50 – 100 mg per day) But, its observed that these adverse effects are minimal with low doses (12.5 to 25 mg) ...
Cardiovascular Drugs - Cardiovascular Nursing Education Associates
... – Fatigue, sleep disturbances – Depression – Sexual dysfunction – Weight gain ...
... – Fatigue, sleep disturbances – Depression – Sexual dysfunction – Weight gain ...
Respiratory Pharmacology Week 4
... – Nicotinic (found in the CNS and the peripheral nervous system. The neuromuscular receptors are found in the neuromuscular junctions of somatic muscles; stimulation of these receptors causes muscular contraction) Blocked with Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors can be blocked by curare; used for anes ...
... – Nicotinic (found in the CNS and the peripheral nervous system. The neuromuscular receptors are found in the neuromuscular junctions of somatic muscles; stimulation of these receptors causes muscular contraction) Blocked with Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors can be blocked by curare; used for anes ...
Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine, also called noradrenaline, is an organic chemical in the catecholamine family that functions in the human brain and body as a hormone and neurotransmitter. Noradrenaline is the common name in the United Kingdom (BAN), while norepinephrine is the International Nonproprietary Name and typically used in the United States. Areas of the body that produce or are affected by norepinephrine are referred to everywhere as noradrenergic.Norepinephrine is synthesized and released by the central nervous system and also by a division of the autonomic nervous system called the sympathetic nervous system. In the brain, norepinephrine comes from several nuclei that are small in size but project to most other parts of the brain and exert powerful effects on their targets. The most important source of norepinephrine in the brain is the locus coeruleus, located in the pons. In the sympathetic nervous system norepinephrine is used as a neurotransmitter by sympathetic ganglia located near the spinal cord or in the abdomen, and is also released directly into the bloodstream by the adrenal glands. Regardless of how and where it is released, norepinephrine acts on target cells by binding to and activating noradrenergic receptors located on the cell surface.In the most basic terms, the function of norepinephrine is to mobilize the brain and body for action. Norepinephrine release is lowest during sleep, rises during wakefulness, and reaches much higher levels during situations of stress or danger, in what has been called the fight-or-flight response. In the brain norepinephrine increases arousal and alertness, promotes vigilance, enhances formation and retrieval of memory, and focuses attention; it also increases restlessness and anxiety. In the rest of the body, norepinephrine increases heart rate and blood pressure, triggers the release of glucose from energy stores, increases blood flow to skeletal muscle, reduces blood flow to the gastrointestinal system, and promotes voiding of the bladder and large intestines.A variety of medically important drugs work by altering the actions of norepinephrine systems. Norepinephrine itself is widely used as an injectable drug for the treatment of critically low blood pressure. Beta blockers, which counter some of the effects of norepinephrine, are frequently used to treat glaucoma, migraine, and a range of cardiovascular problems. Alpha blockers, which counter a different set of norepinephrine effects, are used to treat several cardiovascular and psychiatric conditions. Alpha-2 agonists often have a sedating effect, and are commonly used as anesthesia-enhancers in surgery, as well as in treatment of drug or alcohol dependence. Many important psychiatric drugs exert strong effects on norepinephrine systems in the brain, resulting in side-effects that may be helpful or harmful.