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Q2 Class 4A (Forrest, Amy, Laura, Philip, Shao Bo) Score: 6/9 The endocrine system is the body’s regulation system that secretes hormones that are chemically identical to neurotransmitters in the bloodstream. The endocrine system includes the pituitary gland, pineal gland, hypothalamus, thyroid gland, parathyroid , adrenal gland, pancreas ovaries and testes. The pituitary gland secretes hormones that control all other glands in the endocrine system. The hypothalamus influences the pituitary gland and maintains blood chemistry. The thyroid gland controls metabolic functions. The parathyroids maintain calcium levels. The adrenal gland releases epinephrine and norepinephrine in response to stressful situations. The pancreas regulate blood glucose levels and the ovaries and testes release and store female and male hormones. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord. The brain includes the brain stem which regulates basic survival functions such as breathing and heart beat, the limbic system regulates smell, emotion learning and memory, and the cerebral cortex is the information processing center. The peripheral nervous system consist of the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body. The nervous system shares similarities with the endocrine system. For example both system produce molecules that attach to receptors throughout the body. Many of the endocrine glands are rooted in the nervous system, such as the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. Norepinephrine is both a neurotransmitter and hormone. Both systems interact with each other through the feed back system, in which the brain regulates the pituitary gland, which then affects the other glands, which then secretes hormones that interact with the body and give feed back to the brain. The nervous system directs the endocrine secretions , which affects the nervous system. Both system work in parallel to maintain homeostasis, development and reproduction. However the two system differ in some aspects. The nervous system uses rapid electrical signals along the nerve axons, while the endocrine system secretes hormones that can take several seconds to reach their destinations. Also, the effects of the endocrine messages last much longer than that of the nervous system. The nervous system is also not as specific as the endocrine system. Q2 Class 3B (Cara, Angela, Faline, Max) Score: 7/9 Although nervous system and endocrine system both regulates our body, there are significant differences and similarities between them. Neural system mainly consists of organs. In contrast, endocrine system is consisting of glands. Nervous system transmits neurotransmitters through neuron, while endocrine system transmits hormones through bloodstream. Nervous system transmits information faster than endocrine system. However, the reaction last shorter than the reaction caused by endocrine system. The nervous system controls voluntary muscle movements, sense, and heartbeat, etc. Endocrine system controls involuntary movements such as the level of glucose, hydration levels, sexual maturity, etc. The nervous system can be categorized into different parts according to their functions, while endocrine system cannot be categorized. Nervous system sends electrical signals to There are also many similarities between the two systems. Both nervous system and endocrine system are communication systems. They are responsible for regulating and maintaining homeostasis. They both produce molecules that act on receptors. They both affect wide variety of organs. There are some chemicals that are used by both systems, for example, adrenaline. They are both caused by external factors. The two systems regulate each other and both influence the brain. Lastly, they both control the amount of signals, hormones for endocrine and action potential for nervous system that they’re going to send. It is really hard to distinguish between endocrine system and nervous system. However, if one looks at it closely, one would find that there are a lot of differences between them. Q2 Class 1B (Emily, Riley and Jackie) Score: 3/9 The endocrine system contains the adrenal and pituitary glands, as well as other glands. The pituitary gland is controlled by the hypothalamus and the adrenal gland is controlled by the autonomic nervous system. These glands secrete hormones that influence our interest in sex, food and aggression, as well as growth, reproduction, metabolism and mood. The adrenal glands secrete hormones such as norepinephrine and epinephrine. The pituitary gland secretes hormones that influence growth. These hormones travel very slowly through the blood stream and have long lasting effects. The nervous system is divided into two sub nervous systems; peripheral and central. The central nervous system includes the brain and the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system includes two more subdivisions; the somatic and autonomic. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles. The autonomic system controls self‐regulated actions of internal glands. It’s in control of the parasympathetic and sympathetic areas of the nervous system. Parasympathetic conserves energy to calm you down by decreasing heartbeat and lowering blood sugar. Sympathetic arouses and expends energy. Both the nervous system and endocrine system communicate within the body. Both produce molecules that act on receptors elsewhere. The neurotransmitters and hormones are chemically identical, therefore making the systems close relatives.