Chapter 7 – How Cells Release Stored Energy
... Depends upon membranes and ATP synthase ETC makes this E transport possible Cells generate most of their E this way ...
... Depends upon membranes and ATP synthase ETC makes this E transport possible Cells generate most of their E this way ...
Chapter 13
... What is the Nu:, electrophile and leaving group for this reaction? (hint: consider phosphoglycerate kinase) ...
... What is the Nu:, electrophile and leaving group for this reaction? (hint: consider phosphoglycerate kinase) ...
MITOCHONDRIA
... 1953 along with Fritz Albert Lipmann who discovered the importance of coenzyme-A. An 8-step process with each step catalyzed by a specific enzyme. It is a cycle because the product of step 8 is the reactant in step 1 (oxaloacetate). ...
... 1953 along with Fritz Albert Lipmann who discovered the importance of coenzyme-A. An 8-step process with each step catalyzed by a specific enzyme. It is a cycle because the product of step 8 is the reactant in step 1 (oxaloacetate). ...
Anaerobic Respiration - County Central High School
... NADH molecules produced during glycolysis then pass their H atoms to acetaldehyde (this is a compound formed when a CO2 molecule is removed from pyruvate) This process forms ethanol - the type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages This process recycles NAD+ which allows the continuation of glycolysis ...
... NADH molecules produced during glycolysis then pass their H atoms to acetaldehyde (this is a compound formed when a CO2 molecule is removed from pyruvate) This process forms ethanol - the type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages This process recycles NAD+ which allows the continuation of glycolysis ...
Pyruvic acid is
... • One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively. ...
... • One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively. ...
Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy Overview All living
... exception of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate, we will not learn the other intermediate molecules. This process effectively uses oxygen to break the C-C bonds found in the acetyl-CoA (which was pyruvate). As the bonds are broken, energy may be harvested (to form ATP), but usually electrons are released a ...
... exception of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate, we will not learn the other intermediate molecules. This process effectively uses oxygen to break the C-C bonds found in the acetyl-CoA (which was pyruvate). As the bonds are broken, energy may be harvested (to form ATP), but usually electrons are released a ...
Cellular Respiration Stations Worksheet Station 1: Overview Why is
... 3. True or false? If false, make it so that the answer is true: Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria. 4. Is oxygen needed in order for glycolysis to occur? 5. Fill in the blanks below with regards to the steps of glycolysis: Step 1: Glucose is phosphorylated with _____________ phosphates; these pho ...
... 3. True or false? If false, make it so that the answer is true: Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria. 4. Is oxygen needed in order for glycolysis to occur? 5. Fill in the blanks below with regards to the steps of glycolysis: Step 1: Glucose is phosphorylated with _____________ phosphates; these pho ...
Metabolism 2010edit
... • Basic principles of supply & demand regulate metabolic economy – balance the supply of raw materials with the products produced – these molecules become feedback regulators • they control enzymes at strategic points in glycolysis & Krebs cycle – levels of AMP, ADP, ATP » regulation by final produc ...
... • Basic principles of supply & demand regulate metabolic economy – balance the supply of raw materials with the products produced – these molecules become feedback regulators • they control enzymes at strategic points in glycolysis & Krebs cycle – levels of AMP, ADP, ATP » regulation by final produc ...
9.6 Respiration 4 (Control and other metabolites)
... • Basic principles of supply & demand regulate metabolic economy – balance the supply of raw materials with the products produced – these molecules become feedback regulators • they control enzymes at strategic points in glycolysis & Krebs cycle – levels of AMP, ADP, ATP » regulation by final produc ...
... • Basic principles of supply & demand regulate metabolic economy – balance the supply of raw materials with the products produced – these molecules become feedback regulators • they control enzymes at strategic points in glycolysis & Krebs cycle – levels of AMP, ADP, ATP » regulation by final produc ...
Fructose metabolism
... the cell ceases to be rate limiting and the rate limiting step is shifted to aldolase B, ie F-1-P is produced at a faster rate than it can be converted to DHAP and glyceraldehyde. Under these conditions, even though F-1-P accumulates it cannot inhibit its own production and it continues to increase. ...
... the cell ceases to be rate limiting and the rate limiting step is shifted to aldolase B, ie F-1-P is produced at a faster rate than it can be converted to DHAP and glyceraldehyde. Under these conditions, even though F-1-P accumulates it cannot inhibit its own production and it continues to increase. ...
Fermentation and Cellular Respiration 1. Define: Glycolysis
... glucose. During glycolysis, each glucose molecule is split into two pyruvic acid molecules with the associated production of two molecules of ATP and the reduction of two molecules of NAD to form NADH + H+ (also known as the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway). Fermentation – Fermentation is the anaerob ...
... glucose. During glycolysis, each glucose molecule is split into two pyruvic acid molecules with the associated production of two molecules of ATP and the reduction of two molecules of NAD to form NADH + H+ (also known as the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway). Fermentation – Fermentation is the anaerob ...
SB3a
... Fermentation and its products are important in several ways. –______________________________ is similar to lactic acid fermentation. –glycolysis splits glucose and the products enter fermentation –energy from NADH is used to split pyruvate into an alcohol and carbon dioxide –NADH is changed back int ...
... Fermentation and its products are important in several ways. –______________________________ is similar to lactic acid fermentation. –glycolysis splits glucose and the products enter fermentation –energy from NADH is used to split pyruvate into an alcohol and carbon dioxide –NADH is changed back int ...
Principles of Energy Harvest Redox reactions Oxidizing agent in
... • Electron Transport Chain: inner membrane of mitochondrion; electrons passed to oxygen ...
... • Electron Transport Chain: inner membrane of mitochondrion; electrons passed to oxygen ...
Mitochondrial Inputs - School of Applied Physiology
... – Breakdown of glucose to pyruvate – Provides substrate for TCA cycle ...
... – Breakdown of glucose to pyruvate – Provides substrate for TCA cycle ...
Exam 4
... 16. The hydrolysis of phosphoenolpyruvate has a ∆G’o = -62 kJ/mole. The great contributing factor to this number is stabilization of the product pyruvate by: a. electrostatic attraction. b. ionization. c. polarization. d. resonance. e. tautomerization. 17. . If glucose was labeled with 14C in C-1 an ...
... 16. The hydrolysis of phosphoenolpyruvate has a ∆G’o = -62 kJ/mole. The great contributing factor to this number is stabilization of the product pyruvate by: a. electrostatic attraction. b. ionization. c. polarization. d. resonance. e. tautomerization. 17. . If glucose was labeled with 14C in C-1 an ...
Carbohydrate
... series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions to yield two molecules of the three-carbon compound pyruvate . During the sequential reactions of glycolysis, some of the free energy released from glucose is conserved in the form of ATP and NADH. ...
... series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions to yield two molecules of the three-carbon compound pyruvate . During the sequential reactions of glycolysis, some of the free energy released from glucose is conserved in the form of ATP and NADH. ...
Lorem Ipsum - Tri-County Technical College
... aerobe is organism that requires oxygen for cellular respiration and CAN”T live without it Obligate anaerobe is organism that cannot use oxygen and is poisoned by it Facultative anaerobe is organism that uses oxygen if available (in fact, prefers it) but can switch to alternate pathway if oxygen ...
... aerobe is organism that requires oxygen for cellular respiration and CAN”T live without it Obligate anaerobe is organism that cannot use oxygen and is poisoned by it Facultative anaerobe is organism that uses oxygen if available (in fact, prefers it) but can switch to alternate pathway if oxygen ...
Energy Releasing Pathways
... through a series of chemical reactions catalyzed by specific enzymes to produce 2, 3 carbon molecules of pyruvic acid. NAD+ similar to NADP+ NAD+ carry electrons and Hydrogen ions (NADH) ...
... through a series of chemical reactions catalyzed by specific enzymes to produce 2, 3 carbon molecules of pyruvic acid. NAD+ similar to NADP+ NAD+ carry electrons and Hydrogen ions (NADH) ...
Metabolic Pathways a..
... Learning Check Match the following with the terms below: (1) Catabolic reactions (2) Coenzymes (3) Glycolysis (4) Lactate A. Produced during anaerobic conditions B. Reactions that convert glucose to pyruvate C. Metabolic reactions that break down large molecules to smaller molecules + energy D. Sub ...
... Learning Check Match the following with the terms below: (1) Catabolic reactions (2) Coenzymes (3) Glycolysis (4) Lactate A. Produced during anaerobic conditions B. Reactions that convert glucose to pyruvate C. Metabolic reactions that break down large molecules to smaller molecules + energy D. Sub ...
C483 Final Exam Study Guide The final will be held in Morrison 007
... molecule that you store in your liver. Circle the pathways/cycles below that are part of this overall transformation. Cross out any that are not. Gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen synthesis, glycolysis, citric acid cycle B. Trace the metabolic path of this glutamate molecule throu ...
... molecule that you store in your liver. Circle the pathways/cycles below that are part of this overall transformation. Cross out any that are not. Gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen synthesis, glycolysis, citric acid cycle B. Trace the metabolic path of this glutamate molecule throu ...
Note sheet Chap 5, Sect 3
... breakdown of __carbohydrates__. Glucose is broken down in the __cytoplasm__ during a process called ___glycolysis___, which is an enzyme assisted __anaerobic_ process (means no oxygen needed) that breaks down _1- 6 carbon molecule_ to __2 – 3 carbon molecules_called pyruvate. As glucose is broken do ...
... breakdown of __carbohydrates__. Glucose is broken down in the __cytoplasm__ during a process called ___glycolysis___, which is an enzyme assisted __anaerobic_ process (means no oxygen needed) that breaks down _1- 6 carbon molecule_ to __2 – 3 carbon molecules_called pyruvate. As glucose is broken do ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑