Cellular Respiration
... Step 2 – Energy harvest fructose bisphosphate splits into two 3 C molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P or PGAL) each G3P molecule goes through series of reactions that convert it into pyruvate (pyruvic acid) 2 ATPs are made per G3P for a total of 4 – however, net gain is only 2 ATPs During t ...
... Step 2 – Energy harvest fructose bisphosphate splits into two 3 C molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P or PGAL) each G3P molecule goes through series of reactions that convert it into pyruvate (pyruvic acid) 2 ATPs are made per G3P for a total of 4 – however, net gain is only 2 ATPs During t ...
3 sources of energy during excercise
... oxygen during excercise... *Body compensates for the lack of oxygen by a process called Anaerobic fermentation that carries out a series of chemical reactions that produce ATP from glucose in the absence of O 2 *Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue making ATP when oxygen is not available ...
... oxygen during excercise... *Body compensates for the lack of oxygen by a process called Anaerobic fermentation that carries out a series of chemical reactions that produce ATP from glucose in the absence of O 2 *Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue making ATP when oxygen is not available ...
aerobic vs anerobic ws - Hicksville Public Schools
... a. a 2-carbon molecule from a 6-carbon molecule b. CO2 from a three-carbon molecule ...
... a. a 2-carbon molecule from a 6-carbon molecule b. CO2 from a three-carbon molecule ...
Cellular Respiration Chapter 9
... The cell can use Fermentation instead!! Occurs in the Cytoplasm Just like glycolysis!! Fermentation A series of reactions that convert NADH (from glycolysis) back into NAD allowing glycolysis to keep producing a small amount of ATP ...
... The cell can use Fermentation instead!! Occurs in the Cytoplasm Just like glycolysis!! Fermentation A series of reactions that convert NADH (from glycolysis) back into NAD allowing glycolysis to keep producing a small amount of ATP ...
Kreb`s Cycle - Montgomery College
... 8 The molecule is reorganized through the relocation of the phosphate group ...
... 8 The molecule is reorganized through the relocation of the phosphate group ...
Name CELLULAR RESPIRATION URL: http:://www.2.nl.edu/jste
... When NADH deposits electrons to the first “carrier” (protein or cytochrome) of the electron transport chain, the electron moves from one carrier to the next, the energy released each time an electron moves is used to do what? Which side of the membrane is the proton (H+) gradient ...
... When NADH deposits electrons to the first “carrier” (protein or cytochrome) of the electron transport chain, the electron moves from one carrier to the next, the energy released each time an electron moves is used to do what? Which side of the membrane is the proton (H+) gradient ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION Fates of Pyruvate from glycolysis (2
... CELLULAR RESPIRATION Metabolism—the sum of all biochemical reactions in an organism or cell. a) anabolic—synthesis of compounds; an example is photosynthesis b) catabolic—breakdown of compounds; an example is cellular respiration Metabolic pathways—are the steps (enzymes, substrates and products) us ...
... CELLULAR RESPIRATION Metabolism—the sum of all biochemical reactions in an organism or cell. a) anabolic—synthesis of compounds; an example is photosynthesis b) catabolic—breakdown of compounds; an example is cellular respiration Metabolic pathways—are the steps (enzymes, substrates and products) us ...
Aerobic respiration
... FAD+ is reduced to FADH2 1 ATP is created via substrate level phosphorylation. 2CO2 are released. Remember that there are two acetyl-CoA! This reaction occurs for each acetylCoA! ...
... FAD+ is reduced to FADH2 1 ATP is created via substrate level phosphorylation. 2CO2 are released. Remember that there are two acetyl-CoA! This reaction occurs for each acetylCoA! ...
ReadingStudyGuide1.W97
... place, what is the fate of the carbon atoms that are cleaved from the pyruvate in the process of making acetyl CoA? 11. Are ATP and/or NADH produced when pyruvate is converted into Acetyl CoA? If so, how many? 12. Each acetyl CoA has how many carbon atoms in its structure? If both molecules of acety ...
... place, what is the fate of the carbon atoms that are cleaved from the pyruvate in the process of making acetyl CoA? 11. Are ATP and/or NADH produced when pyruvate is converted into Acetyl CoA? If so, how many? 12. Each acetyl CoA has how many carbon atoms in its structure? If both molecules of acety ...
Respirometer & Anaerobic Respiration
... ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION (YEAST) A form of anaerobic respiration. Pyruvate is converted to ethanal and CO2 Ethanal is further reduced to ethanol and the NADH produced in glycolysis is oxidised back to NAD+ to go another round in glycolysis. This replenishes the NAD+ stores (which is limited) ...
... ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION (YEAST) A form of anaerobic respiration. Pyruvate is converted to ethanal and CO2 Ethanal is further reduced to ethanol and the NADH produced in glycolysis is oxidised back to NAD+ to go another round in glycolysis. This replenishes the NAD+ stores (which is limited) ...
basic biochemistry - Personal Webspace for QMUL
... All intermediates are PHOSPHORYLATED with the phosphoryl groups linked as either Esters or Anhydrides Phosphorylation _______________ these intermediates THE STAGES OF GLYCOLYSIS Glycolysis can be considered to occur in ...
... All intermediates are PHOSPHORYLATED with the phosphoryl groups linked as either Esters or Anhydrides Phosphorylation _______________ these intermediates THE STAGES OF GLYCOLYSIS Glycolysis can be considered to occur in ...
Key Terms and Ideas: Fill in the blanks or provide a definition in your
... Key Terms and Ideas: Fill in the blanks or provide a definition in your own words. 1. In cellular respiration oxidation, hydrogen is transferred from glucose to oxygen. 2. Substrate-level phosphorylation is a simple transfer of a phosphate group from the substrate molecule to the ADP. 3. Glycolysis ...
... Key Terms and Ideas: Fill in the blanks or provide a definition in your own words. 1. In cellular respiration oxidation, hydrogen is transferred from glucose to oxygen. 2. Substrate-level phosphorylation is a simple transfer of a phosphate group from the substrate molecule to the ADP. 3. Glycolysis ...
Foundations in Microbiology
... 3. Phosphotransferases – transfer phosphate groups, involved in energy transfer 4. Methyltransferases – move methyl groups from one molecule to another 5. Decarboxylases – remove carbon dioxide from organic acids ...
... 3. Phosphotransferases – transfer phosphate groups, involved in energy transfer 4. Methyltransferases – move methyl groups from one molecule to another 5. Decarboxylases – remove carbon dioxide from organic acids ...
Fermentation - Sacred Heart Academy
... • Fermentation is a way of harvesting chemical energy that does not require oxygen. Fermentation – takes advantage of glycolysis, – produces two ATP molecules per glucose, and – reduces NAD+ to NADH. ...
... • Fermentation is a way of harvesting chemical energy that does not require oxygen. Fermentation – takes advantage of glycolysis, – produces two ATP molecules per glucose, and – reduces NAD+ to NADH. ...
Lecture 17 Glycolysis (continued) Recap Phases: priming: glucose
... probable answer: growth requires more C-compounds and reduction power (NADPH), intermediates of respiration, than ATP energy Also see: “Understanding the Warburg effect: the metabolic requirements of cell proliferation.” (Science 324:1029, 22 May 2009) “Evidence for an alternative glycolytic pathway ...
... probable answer: growth requires more C-compounds and reduction power (NADPH), intermediates of respiration, than ATP energy Also see: “Understanding the Warburg effect: the metabolic requirements of cell proliferation.” (Science 324:1029, 22 May 2009) “Evidence for an alternative glycolytic pathway ...
PHOTOSYNTHESIS – The anabolic reduction of CO2 to form sugar.
... photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation, respectively (see notes above). In each case, the production of ATP from ADP + Pi is powered by the rapid flow of protons through ATP synthase. The power for proton pumping comes from the high energy electrons moving down the ETC in both cases. ...
... photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation, respectively (see notes above). In each case, the production of ATP from ADP + Pi is powered by the rapid flow of protons through ATP synthase. The power for proton pumping comes from the high energy electrons moving down the ETC in both cases. ...
lecture11&12-RS_Major Metabolic Pathways of
... The second phase is the energy generation phase in which 4 molecules of ATP are made by the substrate-level phosphorylation/glucose molecule, and 2 molecules of NADH are formed when pyruvate is produced (aerobic glycolysis), whereas NADH is reconverted to NAD+ when lactate is the end product (anae ...
... The second phase is the energy generation phase in which 4 molecules of ATP are made by the substrate-level phosphorylation/glucose molecule, and 2 molecules of NADH are formed when pyruvate is produced (aerobic glycolysis), whereas NADH is reconverted to NAD+ when lactate is the end product (anae ...
Glycolysis is the major oxidative pathway for glucose
... The second phase is the energy generation phase in which 4 molecules of ATP are made by the substrate-level phosphorylation/glucose molecule, and 2 molecules of NADH are formed when pyruvate is produced (aerobic glycolysis), whereas NADH is reconverted to NAD+ when lactate is the end product (anae ...
... The second phase is the energy generation phase in which 4 molecules of ATP are made by the substrate-level phosphorylation/glucose molecule, and 2 molecules of NADH are formed when pyruvate is produced (aerobic glycolysis), whereas NADH is reconverted to NAD+ when lactate is the end product (anae ...
CELL RESPIRATION
... by adding phosphate groups to both ends of the sugar molecule. • The glucose molecule then splits into two PGAL molecules. • Each of the two PGAL molecules is oxidized to BPG. • The hydrogen each gives up is used to form ...
... by adding phosphate groups to both ends of the sugar molecule. • The glucose molecule then splits into two PGAL molecules. • Each of the two PGAL molecules is oxidized to BPG. • The hydrogen each gives up is used to form ...
Respiration Test Study Guide
... 35. Water is an end product of the ________. 36. In aerobic cellular respiration, acetyl-CoA combines with a four-carbon molecule to form citric acid as part of the _____________ _________________. 37. The element ___________________ dictates which metabolic pathway follows glycolysis. 38. The names ...
... 35. Water is an end product of the ________. 36. In aerobic cellular respiration, acetyl-CoA combines with a four-carbon molecule to form citric acid as part of the _____________ _________________. 37. The element ___________________ dictates which metabolic pathway follows glycolysis. 38. The names ...
Bacterial Metabolism and Growth
... • If oxygen is the final electron acceptor, the process is called aerobic respiration • If some other molecule is the final electron acceptor, the process is called anaerobic respiration – sulfate reducers, nitrate reducers, methane bacteria ...
... • If oxygen is the final electron acceptor, the process is called aerobic respiration • If some other molecule is the final electron acceptor, the process is called anaerobic respiration – sulfate reducers, nitrate reducers, methane bacteria ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑