CHAPTER 6
... E.C. increases, the rates of R reactions decline, but U reactions go faster. ATP is consumed, and E.C. drops. Below the point of intersection, R processes are more active and U processes are slower, so E.C. recovers. Energycharge oscillates about a steady-state value determined by the intersection p ...
... E.C. increases, the rates of R reactions decline, but U reactions go faster. ATP is consumed, and E.C. drops. Below the point of intersection, R processes are more active and U processes are slower, so E.C. recovers. Energycharge oscillates about a steady-state value determined by the intersection p ...
Citric Acid Cycle in Anabolism
... 2) Uses NADP+ as a cofactor instead of NAD+. 3) Pyruvate carboxyl reduced to hydroxyl ...
... 2) Uses NADP+ as a cofactor instead of NAD+. 3) Pyruvate carboxyl reduced to hydroxyl ...
Bio 20 7.4 - Stirling School
... Alcohol Fermentation Common in yeast. Acetaldehyde is produced when carbon dioxide was removed from pyruvate by the enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase. NADH passes Hydrogen Atoms to acetaldehyde. This generates carbon dioxide, ethanol, and NAD+. The NADH was a product of glycolysis. ...
... Alcohol Fermentation Common in yeast. Acetaldehyde is produced when carbon dioxide was removed from pyruvate by the enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase. NADH passes Hydrogen Atoms to acetaldehyde. This generates carbon dioxide, ethanol, and NAD+. The NADH was a product of glycolysis. ...
Biochemistry II Test 2Q
... 38. Acetyl CoA formed in the liver becomes ______ and then is ________. 39. Acetyl CoA formed in the muscle enter the ________ and becomes ________. 40. How are fatty acids transported? 41. Fatty acids are activated to CoA via what enzyme and requires what? 42. Where does it occur and what enzyme is ...
... 38. Acetyl CoA formed in the liver becomes ______ and then is ________. 39. Acetyl CoA formed in the muscle enter the ________ and becomes ________. 40. How are fatty acids transported? 41. Fatty acids are activated to CoA via what enzyme and requires what? 42. Where does it occur and what enzyme is ...
Describe how cells are used in the production of
... (Maximum of 2 from) • Yeast contain enzymes (for anaerobic respiration) • Yeast ferment sugar/glucose • Carbon dioxide produced • (CO2) makes the • dough/bread rise (Maximum of 3 from) • In the absence of oxygen • (first stage) glycolysis occurs • Glucose converted into pyruvic acid(s) • Pyruvic aci ...
... (Maximum of 2 from) • Yeast contain enzymes (for anaerobic respiration) • Yeast ferment sugar/glucose • Carbon dioxide produced • (CO2) makes the • dough/bread rise (Maximum of 3 from) • In the absence of oxygen • (first stage) glycolysis occurs • Glucose converted into pyruvic acid(s) • Pyruvic aci ...
LECTURE 18 - Budostuff
... Processing of glucose to pyruvate a) Glucose (6C) is phosphorylated using 2 ATP and split into two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (3C). Total 5 steps, consuming 2 ATP b) Oxidation in another 5 steps to 2 molecules of pyruvate (3C) and production of 4 ATP (net yield =2 ATP/glucose) ...
... Processing of glucose to pyruvate a) Glucose (6C) is phosphorylated using 2 ATP and split into two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (3C). Total 5 steps, consuming 2 ATP b) Oxidation in another 5 steps to 2 molecules of pyruvate (3C) and production of 4 ATP (net yield =2 ATP/glucose) ...
Bio-molecule
... An enzyme is a protein that enables other molecules to undergo chemical changes to form new products. Enzymes increase the speed of reactions that would otherwise proceed too ...
... An enzyme is a protein that enables other molecules to undergo chemical changes to form new products. Enzymes increase the speed of reactions that would otherwise proceed too ...
Ch 4 Jeopardy
... • Zero, (fermentation recycles the NAD+ molecule to allow glycolysis to continue) ...
... • Zero, (fermentation recycles the NAD+ molecule to allow glycolysis to continue) ...
micro notes chpt. 8
... 2. Cofactors, including metal ions such as iron, copper, and magnesium, activate enzymes, help with substrate binding to the active site, and participate directly in catalysis. Cofactors called coenzymes are organic compounds, such as vitamins, that work in conjunction with the apoenzyme to alter a ...
... 2. Cofactors, including metal ions such as iron, copper, and magnesium, activate enzymes, help with substrate binding to the active site, and participate directly in catalysis. Cofactors called coenzymes are organic compounds, such as vitamins, that work in conjunction with the apoenzyme to alter a ...
File - Northwood pe
... 1. Air leaves the trachea and passes through the: bronchioles bronchi capillaries ...
... 1. Air leaves the trachea and passes through the: bronchioles bronchi capillaries ...
- Circle of Docs
... d. Fumarate 57. has only two double bonded carbons a. linoleic b. linolenic c. arachidonic d. oleic 58. In the phenylalanine to tyrosine pathway, what is the end product? a. Testosterone b. Epinephrine c. Aldosterone d. cholesterol 59. primary function of the electron transport chain is to a. keep t ...
... d. Fumarate 57. has only two double bonded carbons a. linoleic b. linolenic c. arachidonic d. oleic 58. In the phenylalanine to tyrosine pathway, what is the end product? a. Testosterone b. Epinephrine c. Aldosterone d. cholesterol 59. primary function of the electron transport chain is to a. keep t ...
Document
... • Recent finding suggest that the control of most pathways is shared by multiple pathway enzymes ...
... • Recent finding suggest that the control of most pathways is shared by multiple pathway enzymes ...
Biochemistry - Bishop Ireton High School
... • Formed when there is an excess of glucose. Glucose is the body’s raw material needed to make energy. Plants get their glucose through photosynthesis. Animals get theirs through food. • Plants store their excess glucose as starch or cellulose. Cellulose is used to make cell walls. (we can’t digest ...
... • Formed when there is an excess of glucose. Glucose is the body’s raw material needed to make energy. Plants get their glucose through photosynthesis. Animals get theirs through food. • Plants store their excess glucose as starch or cellulose. Cellulose is used to make cell walls. (we can’t digest ...
2. What are the main properties that fats, proteins, and
... ? carbon dioxide + water + energy Often, you will see the equation written like this: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (36-38 ATP) This is the same equation. They simply crossed off 6H2O from each side of the equation to simplify it. 2) What are the possible products of fermentation? Do they produ ...
... ? carbon dioxide + water + energy Often, you will see the equation written like this: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (36-38 ATP) This is the same equation. They simply crossed off 6H2O from each side of the equation to simplify it. 2) What are the possible products of fermentation? Do they produ ...
Origins of Metabolism
... decline as numbers of prokaryotes increased • Selection would favor prokaryotes that could synthesize their own ATP • ADP + P + energy ATP • Energy from organic molecules ...
... decline as numbers of prokaryotes increased • Selection would favor prokaryotes that could synthesize their own ATP • ADP + P + energy ATP • Energy from organic molecules ...
Exam 4
... G. ______________ Insulin is an upregulator of gluconeogenesis. H. ______________ AMP-dependent kinase is a form of local regulation that works through covalent modification of catabolic and anabolic enzymes. I. ______________ Glycogen phosphorylase is covalently modified to upregulate glycogen synt ...
... G. ______________ Insulin is an upregulator of gluconeogenesis. H. ______________ AMP-dependent kinase is a form of local regulation that works through covalent modification of catabolic and anabolic enzymes. I. ______________ Glycogen phosphorylase is covalently modified to upregulate glycogen synt ...
Cellular respiration *vs
... This fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and produces only 2 molecules of ATP—Therefore, this is not as efficient of an energy path to follow. • So where does this fermentation occur—have you every been sore after a hard workout or from playing a sport you have not done for a long time? ...
... This fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and produces only 2 molecules of ATP—Therefore, this is not as efficient of an energy path to follow. • So where does this fermentation occur—have you every been sore after a hard workout or from playing a sport you have not done for a long time? ...
IV. Energy Requirements of Skeletal Muscles
... inserted into the plasma membrane of muscle cells. The more intense the exercise, the more glut4 transporters are inserted. -- this is independent of insulin ...
... inserted into the plasma membrane of muscle cells. The more intense the exercise, the more glut4 transporters are inserted. -- this is independent of insulin ...
Respiration
... 21. Why do fats provide a little more than twice as many calories per gram as compared to carbohydrates or proteins? Hint: Think of the output of the Citric Acid Cycle. ...
... 21. Why do fats provide a little more than twice as many calories per gram as compared to carbohydrates or proteins? Hint: Think of the output of the Citric Acid Cycle. ...
1. Regarding the citric acid cycle: a. Write a balanced net equation
... b. Starting with succinate and ending with O2, list in order the types of redox centers that carry electrons directly through the transport chain. (You may use each type more than once, but if the same type is used in several steps that occur in a row, you only need to list that center once for that ...
... b. Starting with succinate and ending with O2, list in order the types of redox centers that carry electrons directly through the transport chain. (You may use each type more than once, but if the same type is used in several steps that occur in a row, you only need to list that center once for that ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑