03-232 Biochemistry ... Name:________________________ or the back of the preceding page. In questions... Instructions:
... The initial conformation has low affinity for ADP and ATP. Thus ATP formed in the previous cycle would be released. The second conformation has high affinity for ADP and Pi, so they bind. The third conformation is such that ATP is lower energy than ADP + Pi, so the bound ADP + Pi is spontaneou ...
... The initial conformation has low affinity for ADP and ATP. Thus ATP formed in the previous cycle would be released. The second conformation has high affinity for ADP and Pi, so they bind. The third conformation is such that ATP is lower energy than ADP + Pi, so the bound ADP + Pi is spontaneou ...
Energy
... Maximal Power & Capacity of the Energy Systems Energy System Maximal Power Maximal Capacity ...
... Maximal Power & Capacity of the Energy Systems Energy System Maximal Power Maximal Capacity ...
Bio 226: Cell and Molecular Biology
... •Insensitive to Cyanide, Azide or CO •Sensitive to SHAM (salicylhydroxamic acid,) •Also found in fungi, trypanosomes & Plasmodium ...
... •Insensitive to Cyanide, Azide or CO •Sensitive to SHAM (salicylhydroxamic acid,) •Also found in fungi, trypanosomes & Plasmodium ...
Additional Study Questions for Fuel Metabolism Lectures
... (1) Explain in detail why acetyl-CoA and pyruvate are at the “crossroads” of the major metabolic pathways. (2) Explain the alternative fates of glucose-6-phosphate in the liver, depending on the glucose demand. (3) Why does fasting result in an increase in liver concentrations of PEP carboxykinase a ...
... (1) Explain in detail why acetyl-CoA and pyruvate are at the “crossroads” of the major metabolic pathways. (2) Explain the alternative fates of glucose-6-phosphate in the liver, depending on the glucose demand. (3) Why does fasting result in an increase in liver concentrations of PEP carboxykinase a ...
Chapter 6 Cellular Respiration
... – They form a staircase where the electrons pass from one to the next down the staircase. – These electron carriers collectively are called the electron transport chain. – As electrons are transported down the chain, ATP is generated. ...
... – They form a staircase where the electrons pass from one to the next down the staircase. – These electron carriers collectively are called the electron transport chain. – As electrons are transported down the chain, ATP is generated. ...
The following two questions relate to a cell that has an electrical
... a. there is a net yield of two NADH molecules b. there is a net yield of two ATP molecules c. two pyruvate molecules are formed d. a, b, and c are all true ...
... a. there is a net yield of two NADH molecules b. there is a net yield of two ATP molecules c. two pyruvate molecules are formed d. a, b, and c are all true ...
Biochemistry Presentation Notes Pre-AP 14-15
... 1. General term for any small compounds that can be joined together to make larger compounds – monomer example: glucose = monomer of a carbohydrate. -many glucose molecules can be joined together by dehydration synthesis to make a polysaccharide (carbohydrate) ...
... 1. General term for any small compounds that can be joined together to make larger compounds – monomer example: glucose = monomer of a carbohydrate. -many glucose molecules can be joined together by dehydration synthesis to make a polysaccharide (carbohydrate) ...
Cell Energy - Land of Mayo
... After the usual anaerobic stage of respiration there can be two different pathways for the pyruvic acid without oxygen: 1. glucose can be metabolized to ethyl alcohol + 2 ATP (yeast) (called alcoholic fermentation)* 2. glucose can be metabolized to lactic acid + 2 ATP (human and animal muscles ...
... After the usual anaerobic stage of respiration there can be two different pathways for the pyruvic acid without oxygen: 1. glucose can be metabolized to ethyl alcohol + 2 ATP (yeast) (called alcoholic fermentation)* 2. glucose can be metabolized to lactic acid + 2 ATP (human and animal muscles ...
Exam 2
... used to pump protons into the lumen of the thylakoid, creating a gradient of protons across the thylakoid membrane. The electrons finally join NADP+ and, along with protons, form NADPH. The chloroplast ATP synthase uses the potential energy in the proton gradient to make ATP. Both NADPH and ATP are ...
... used to pump protons into the lumen of the thylakoid, creating a gradient of protons across the thylakoid membrane. The electrons finally join NADP+ and, along with protons, form NADPH. The chloroplast ATP synthase uses the potential energy in the proton gradient to make ATP. Both NADPH and ATP are ...
How Cells Obtain Energy from Food - Molecular Biology of the Cell
... In stage 2 a chain of reactions called glycolysis converts each molecule of glucose into two smaller molecules of pyruvate. Sugars other than glucose are similarly converted to pyruvate after their conversion to one of the sugar intermediates in this glycolytic pathway. During pyruvate formation, tw ...
... In stage 2 a chain of reactions called glycolysis converts each molecule of glucose into two smaller molecules of pyruvate. Sugars other than glucose are similarly converted to pyruvate after their conversion to one of the sugar intermediates in this glycolytic pathway. During pyruvate formation, tw ...
Bio AP chp 9 notes
... As they are passed along the chain, the energy carried by these electrons is stored in the mitochondrion in a form that can be used to synthesize ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. ...
... As they are passed along the chain, the energy carried by these electrons is stored in the mitochondrion in a form that can be used to synthesize ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. ...
Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy
... is the following: Glutamate is converted to a phosphate derivative, which makes the molecule electrophilic. Ammonia, because it is nucleophilic, can now attack the phosphate derivative, forming glutamine (GLN). ...
... is the following: Glutamate is converted to a phosphate derivative, which makes the molecule electrophilic. Ammonia, because it is nucleophilic, can now attack the phosphate derivative, forming glutamine (GLN). ...
(a) First law of thermodynamics
... is the following: Glutamate is converted to a phosphate derivative, which makes the molecule electrophilic. Ammonia, because it is nucleophilic, can now attack the phosphate derivative, forming glutamine (GLN). ...
... is the following: Glutamate is converted to a phosphate derivative, which makes the molecule electrophilic. Ammonia, because it is nucleophilic, can now attack the phosphate derivative, forming glutamine (GLN). ...
Cellular Respiration
... Stripping H from Electron Carriers • Electron carriers pass electrons & H+ to ETC – H cleaved off NADH & FADH2 – electrons stripped from H atoms H+ (protons) • electrons passed from one electron carrier to next in mitochondrial ...
... Stripping H from Electron Carriers • Electron carriers pass electrons & H+ to ETC – H cleaved off NADH & FADH2 – electrons stripped from H atoms H+ (protons) • electrons passed from one electron carrier to next in mitochondrial ...
Biochemistry Objective Sheet Test Objectives Bio.1.2.1 • Explain
... • Develop a cause and effect model for specificity of enzymes - the folding produces a 3-D shape that is linked to the protein function, enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions (catalysts) by lowering the activation energy, are re-usable and specific, and are affected by such factors a ...
... • Develop a cause and effect model for specificity of enzymes - the folding produces a 3-D shape that is linked to the protein function, enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions (catalysts) by lowering the activation energy, are re-usable and specific, and are affected by such factors a ...
Basic Concepts of Cellular Metabolism and Bioenergetics
... Further degradation. Produces amino acids, hexose sugars, fatty acids and glycerol. Moves materials into blood for transport to cells. ...
... Further degradation. Produces amino acids, hexose sugars, fatty acids and glycerol. Moves materials into blood for transport to cells. ...
Chapter 2: Chemical Principles
... • Flagella are made of proteins • Some bacterial toxins are proteins • _____________ - move chemicals across ...
... • Flagella are made of proteins • Some bacterial toxins are proteins • _____________ - move chemicals across ...
Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Macromolecules
... POLYMERIZATION REACTIONS: chemical reactions that link 2 or more small molecules ( larger molecules ( ...
... POLYMERIZATION REACTIONS: chemical reactions that link 2 or more small molecules ( larger molecules ( ...
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Muscle Metabolism At the end of this
... During a long term event (marathon race) almost 100% of the ATP needed is ...
... During a long term event (marathon race) almost 100% of the ATP needed is ...
STEM_Midterm Study Guide_2017
... What is produced during the light-dependent reaction? What is needed for the light-independent reaction to take place? What is produced during the light-independent reaction? Describe what happens during the light-dependent reaction Describe what happens during the light-independent react ...
... What is produced during the light-dependent reaction? What is needed for the light-independent reaction to take place? What is produced during the light-independent reaction? Describe what happens during the light-dependent reaction Describe what happens during the light-independent react ...
2 - ATP
... • Total ATP Yield 02 ATP - glycolysis (substrate-level phosphorylation) 04 ATP - converted from 2 NADH - glycolysis 06 ATP - converted from 2 NADH - grooming phase 02 ATP - Krebs cycle (substrate-level phosphorylation) 18 ATP - converted from 6 NADH - Krebs cycle 04 ATP - converted from 2 FADH2 - Kr ...
... • Total ATP Yield 02 ATP - glycolysis (substrate-level phosphorylation) 04 ATP - converted from 2 NADH - glycolysis 06 ATP - converted from 2 NADH - grooming phase 02 ATP - Krebs cycle (substrate-level phosphorylation) 18 ATP - converted from 6 NADH - Krebs cycle 04 ATP - converted from 2 FADH2 - Kr ...
chapter3_Sections 1
... • Enzymes assemble complex carbohydrates such as cellulose, glycogen, and starch from simple carbohydrate (sugar) subunits • Cells use carbohydrates for energy, and as structural materials • carbohydrate • Molecule that consists primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio ...
... • Enzymes assemble complex carbohydrates such as cellulose, glycogen, and starch from simple carbohydrate (sugar) subunits • Cells use carbohydrates for energy, and as structural materials • carbohydrate • Molecule that consists primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio ...
Fatty Acid Catabolism
... 2. There are four steps in the β‐oxidation pathway. Some reaction types are listed below. Give the proper reaction types in the order that they occur in the β‐oxidation pathway. 1. Condensation 2. Oxidation 3. Reduction 4. Thiolysis ...
... 2. There are four steps in the β‐oxidation pathway. Some reaction types are listed below. Give the proper reaction types in the order that they occur in the β‐oxidation pathway. 1. Condensation 2. Oxidation 3. Reduction 4. Thiolysis ...
06.1 Respiration
... - glucose (6 carbon carbohydrate) broken down into two 3 carbon compounds (pyruvate or pyruvic acid) in the cytosol (cytoplasm minus the organelles) of the cell, with the release of ATP. - this process releases very little energy (2 ...
... - glucose (6 carbon carbohydrate) broken down into two 3 carbon compounds (pyruvate or pyruvic acid) in the cytosol (cytoplasm minus the organelles) of the cell, with the release of ATP. - this process releases very little energy (2 ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑