PowerPoint
... A. Releases energy from organic molecules (sugars) to make ATP (available cell energy) B. Done by autotrophs and heterotrophs C. Aerobic respiration – organic molecules broken down with oxygen – yields a lot of ATP D. Anaerobic respiration – organic molecules broken down without oxygen – little or n ...
... A. Releases energy from organic molecules (sugars) to make ATP (available cell energy) B. Done by autotrophs and heterotrophs C. Aerobic respiration – organic molecules broken down with oxygen – yields a lot of ATP D. Anaerobic respiration – organic molecules broken down without oxygen – little or n ...
Ions - RCSD
... Phosphate Group To ADP stores Energy in ATP • Removing A Phosphate Group From ATP Releases Energy & forms ADP ...
... Phosphate Group To ADP stores Energy in ATP • Removing A Phosphate Group From ATP Releases Energy & forms ADP ...
BSU Reading Guide Chapter 7 Respiration
... Learning Objective 7.1.1Write a chemical equation for the oxidation of glucose. In both plants and animals, and in fact in almost all organisms, the energy for living is obtained by breaking down the organic molecules originally produced in plants. The ATP energy and reducing power invested in build ...
... Learning Objective 7.1.1Write a chemical equation for the oxidation of glucose. In both plants and animals, and in fact in almost all organisms, the energy for living is obtained by breaking down the organic molecules originally produced in plants. The ATP energy and reducing power invested in build ...
What is active transport? Moves materials against a conc. gradient
... reduce growth of pathogens; after use, all equipment is heated to kill microbes & thrown away. Yeast mixed with sugar to give it an energy source for respiration; yeast + sugar mixed with water + flour & left somewhere warm; as yeast cells respire aerobically they produce CO2 making the bread rise; ...
... reduce growth of pathogens; after use, all equipment is heated to kill microbes & thrown away. Yeast mixed with sugar to give it an energy source for respiration; yeast + sugar mixed with water + flour & left somewhere warm; as yeast cells respire aerobically they produce CO2 making the bread rise; ...
Short_and_long_term_effects_of_exercise
... Once phosphocreatine has been deleted ATP must be resynthesised through Glycogen. Glycogen stored in muscles transferred from starch/ glucose. Before glycogen or glucose can be used it must be converted into a compound glucose 6 phosphate. A process which itself requires one ATP. The breaking down o ...
... Once phosphocreatine has been deleted ATP must be resynthesised through Glycogen. Glycogen stored in muscles transferred from starch/ glucose. Before glycogen or glucose can be used it must be converted into a compound glucose 6 phosphate. A process which itself requires one ATP. The breaking down o ...
4 Types Biological Molecules in plants and animals
... The body controls the rate of reactions by regulating the amount of enzymes produced. When a cell needs more energy, it produces more enzymes to break down glucose. Without those enzymes, glucose molecules stay together and store their energy. P234 Vitamins – Most chemicals required for life can be ...
... The body controls the rate of reactions by regulating the amount of enzymes produced. When a cell needs more energy, it produces more enzymes to break down glucose. Without those enzymes, glucose molecules stay together and store their energy. P234 Vitamins – Most chemicals required for life can be ...
Chapter 11
... body, this reaction would need a flame. How does the body do this at a lower temperature? Enzymes allow your body to initiate chemical reactions at low temperature and to control the rate of reactions. Catalyst – a chemical that allows a reaction to have a much lower activation energy than it normal ...
... body, this reaction would need a flame. How does the body do this at a lower temperature? Enzymes allow your body to initiate chemical reactions at low temperature and to control the rate of reactions. Catalyst – a chemical that allows a reaction to have a much lower activation energy than it normal ...
ch5_SP13x
... • Acidified ( high [H+] ) by action of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) – H+ are pumped from matrix into this compartment – ATP synthase lets them back into the matrix ...
... • Acidified ( high [H+] ) by action of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) – H+ are pumped from matrix into this compartment – ATP synthase lets them back into the matrix ...
NAME: : :______ Honors Biology Reading Guide – Chapter 6
... 52. Describe how kinases and phosphatases interact with enzymes. ...
... 52. Describe how kinases and phosphatases interact with enzymes. ...
Chapter 4
... as long as conditions such as presence of catalysts, favorable temperature, and presence of substrates are maintained. As a given enzyme can both synthesize and degrade, both processes will continue even at equilibrium. D is incorrect because at equilibrium there is no net change in amounts, but it ...
... as long as conditions such as presence of catalysts, favorable temperature, and presence of substrates are maintained. As a given enzyme can both synthesize and degrade, both processes will continue even at equilibrium. D is incorrect because at equilibrium there is no net change in amounts, but it ...
Unit 4 Cell Structure, Metabolism and the Nutrients that Support
... __________________ is converted to pyruvate, then to acetyl CoA for entry into the TCA cycle What about Energy from Proteins? The body prefers using ________________________________ and ___________ for energy Protein is reserved for metabolic functions that cannot be performed by others building and ...
... __________________ is converted to pyruvate, then to acetyl CoA for entry into the TCA cycle What about Energy from Proteins? The body prefers using ________________________________ and ___________ for energy Protein is reserved for metabolic functions that cannot be performed by others building and ...
Prof. Kamakaka`s Lecture 10 Notes
... Energy transduction in cells are via chemical reactions- bond formation/breakage Covalent bonds share electrons Homolytic cleavage- each atom leaves the bond with on electron Heterolytic cleavage-one atom retains both electrons Nucleophiles-groups rich in and capable of donating electron (attracted ...
... Energy transduction in cells are via chemical reactions- bond formation/breakage Covalent bonds share electrons Homolytic cleavage- each atom leaves the bond with on electron Heterolytic cleavage-one atom retains both electrons Nucleophiles-groups rich in and capable of donating electron (attracted ...
Cell Respiration - Oxidative Phosphorylation Gibb`s Free Energy PPT
... • 2A2 Organisms capture and store free energy for use in biological processes. g. The electron transport chain captures free energy from electrons in a series of coupled reactions that establish an electrochemical gradient across membranes. ...
... • 2A2 Organisms capture and store free energy for use in biological processes. g. The electron transport chain captures free energy from electrons in a series of coupled reactions that establish an electrochemical gradient across membranes. ...
Cellular Respiration Part IV: Oxidative Phosphorylation
... • 2A2 Organisms capture and store free energy for use in biological processes. g. The electron transport chain captures free energy from electrons in a series of coupled reactions that establish an electrochemical gradient across membranes. ...
... • 2A2 Organisms capture and store free energy for use in biological processes. g. The electron transport chain captures free energy from electrons in a series of coupled reactions that establish an electrochemical gradient across membranes. ...
answer key - chem.uwec.edu
... • Describe the primary purpose of the citric acid cycle. (Question 6) • Discuss the various roles played by the citric acid cycle in cellular metabolism (Question 6) • Describe the steps in the citric acid cycle. (Question 3) • Describe the structures of the intermediates in citric acid cycle. (Ques ...
... • Describe the primary purpose of the citric acid cycle. (Question 6) • Discuss the various roles played by the citric acid cycle in cellular metabolism (Question 6) • Describe the steps in the citric acid cycle. (Question 3) • Describe the structures of the intermediates in citric acid cycle. (Ques ...
Cellular Respiration
... 02 ATP - glycolysis (substrate-level phosphorylation) 04 ATP - converted from 2 NADH - glycolysis 06 ATP - converted from 2 NADH - grooming phase 02 ATP - Krebs cycle (substrate-level phosphorylation) 18 ATP - converted from 6 NADH - Krebs cycle 04 ATP - converted from 2 FADH2 - Krebs cycle 36 ATP - ...
... 02 ATP - glycolysis (substrate-level phosphorylation) 04 ATP - converted from 2 NADH - glycolysis 06 ATP - converted from 2 NADH - grooming phase 02 ATP - Krebs cycle (substrate-level phosphorylation) 18 ATP - converted from 6 NADH - Krebs cycle 04 ATP - converted from 2 FADH2 - Krebs cycle 36 ATP - ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Cells need a constant supply of ATP, so they continually recycle ADP to ATP. For example, an active muscle cell recycles its ATP at a rate of about 10 million molecules per second! • Both fermentation and cellular respiration start with the same process – glycolysis. To understand how cells get en ...
... • Cells need a constant supply of ATP, so they continually recycle ADP to ATP. For example, an active muscle cell recycles its ATP at a rate of about 10 million molecules per second! • Both fermentation and cellular respiration start with the same process – glycolysis. To understand how cells get en ...
Vitamins Clinical relevance: homocystinuria: B6 and/or B12 and/or
... o flavins: Zn++ via (non-covalent, electrostatic) Metabolite Cofactors o produced by metabolic pathways and used by other enzymes to carry out key rxns: ATP ...
... o flavins: Zn++ via (non-covalent, electrostatic) Metabolite Cofactors o produced by metabolic pathways and used by other enzymes to carry out key rxns: ATP ...
Answers to Exam 2 multiple choice and TF questions
... c. Since the SRY protein regulates the transcription of genes required for testes formation, it must function in the nucleus where it binds with DNA. d. The mutation in SRY that was described in this paper results in a protein that can perform its transcriptional regulatory function, but which is mi ...
... c. Since the SRY protein regulates the transcription of genes required for testes formation, it must function in the nucleus where it binds with DNA. d. The mutation in SRY that was described in this paper results in a protein that can perform its transcriptional regulatory function, but which is mi ...
Practice Exam I
... d. two single strands of DNA DNA double helix 14. The active site of an enzyme a. is similar to that of any other enzyme b. is the part of the enzyme where the substrate can fit c. is only used once d. is usually not affected by pH or temperature 15. All the chemical reactions that occur in the ce ...
... d. two single strands of DNA DNA double helix 14. The active site of an enzyme a. is similar to that of any other enzyme b. is the part of the enzyme where the substrate can fit c. is only used once d. is usually not affected by pH or temperature 15. All the chemical reactions that occur in the ce ...
Slide 1
... anaerobic environment (without O2) 2 Pyruvate molecules- to be used later 4 ATP molecules BUT… The first phase uses 2 ATP molecules Net Gain= 2 ATP Molecules Not enough energy fro most organisms Yeasts, bacteria ...
... anaerobic environment (without O2) 2 Pyruvate molecules- to be used later 4 ATP molecules BUT… The first phase uses 2 ATP molecules Net Gain= 2 ATP Molecules Not enough energy fro most organisms Yeasts, bacteria ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑