Citric Acid Cycle
... in the citric acid cycle to form NADH and FADH2 • Stage 3: electrons are funneled into a chain of electron carriers reducing O2 to H2O. This electron flow drives the production of ATP. ...
... in the citric acid cycle to form NADH and FADH2 • Stage 3: electrons are funneled into a chain of electron carriers reducing O2 to H2O. This electron flow drives the production of ATP. ...
Respiration
... • All living cells use anaerobic respiration to break down glucose into a useable form of energy, ATP • The process of anaerobic respiration must always begin with the presence of GLUCOSE • The GLUCOSE is then broken down (Glycolysis) with the aid of ENZYMES into PYRUVIC ACID and then into either: – ...
... • All living cells use anaerobic respiration to break down glucose into a useable form of energy, ATP • The process of anaerobic respiration must always begin with the presence of GLUCOSE • The GLUCOSE is then broken down (Glycolysis) with the aid of ENZYMES into PYRUVIC ACID and then into either: – ...
Cellular Respiration (Making ATP from food)
... Phytosynthesis is done by autotrophs to convert solar energy into chemical energy. Cellular respiration is the process of converting chemical energy to ATP. C6H12O6 + 6O2 ATP + 6 CO2 + 6 H2O At first glance it may appear as if phytosynthesis and cellular respiration are the reverse process But the ...
... Phytosynthesis is done by autotrophs to convert solar energy into chemical energy. Cellular respiration is the process of converting chemical energy to ATP. C6H12O6 + 6O2 ATP + 6 CO2 + 6 H2O At first glance it may appear as if phytosynthesis and cellular respiration are the reverse process But the ...
8th Grade Sixth Six Weeks Vocabulary
... a principal component of all cells Teacher Information: Teach chains of a.a. = protein. any one of twenty different organic molecules that contain a carboxyl and an amino group and that combine to form proteins an organic compound, either RNA or DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or two chains ...
... a principal component of all cells Teacher Information: Teach chains of a.a. = protein. any one of twenty different organic molecules that contain a carboxyl and an amino group and that combine to form proteins an organic compound, either RNA or DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or two chains ...
Cellular respiration
... Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Photosynthesis - cloudfront.net
... Chemical equation for RESPIRATION: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP (38 ATP, in some prokaryote cells) C reduced + O oxidized ----------> C Oxidized + O reduced II. The molecule which temporarily stores energy for the cell until it is needed is called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This molecule con ...
... Chemical equation for RESPIRATION: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP (38 ATP, in some prokaryote cells) C reduced + O oxidized ----------> C Oxidized + O reduced II. The molecule which temporarily stores energy for the cell until it is needed is called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This molecule con ...
Energy Metabolism and water vitamins
... energy and nutrients into form that cells can use Maintenance – repairing body parts and keeping organs functioning ...
... energy and nutrients into form that cells can use Maintenance – repairing body parts and keeping organs functioning ...
FERMENTATION
... FERMENTATION Fermentation is an __________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________. Cells performed anaerobic fermentation long before aerobic cellular respiration occurred. ...
... FERMENTATION Fermentation is an __________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________. Cells performed anaerobic fermentation long before aerobic cellular respiration occurred. ...
NAME: OKOH OSEMEYEKEH PATRICK LEVEL: 300LEVEL DEPT
... Glucose is transported through RBC membrane by facilitated diffusion through glucose transporters (GLUT-1). – Glucose transporters (GLUT-1) are independent on insulin i.e. insulin does not promote glucose transport to RBCs – It functions by generating a gated pore in the membrane to permit passage o ...
... Glucose is transported through RBC membrane by facilitated diffusion through glucose transporters (GLUT-1). – Glucose transporters (GLUT-1) are independent on insulin i.e. insulin does not promote glucose transport to RBCs – It functions by generating a gated pore in the membrane to permit passage o ...
9.2 Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Reading Guide
... High-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed into and along the . electron transport chain The energy from the electrons moving down the chain is used to move H+ ions across the . inner membrane H+ ions build up in the space, making it positively charged and making the matrix negatively char ...
... High-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed into and along the . electron transport chain The energy from the electrons moving down the chain is used to move H+ ions across the . inner membrane H+ ions build up in the space, making it positively charged and making the matrix negatively char ...
CH3 Test_answers_2011
... A student predicted that if a temperature graph was prepared for carrot catalase activity, the optimal temperature would be expected to be much lower than that shown by catalase from humans. b. Do you agree or disagree with the student’s prediction? Explain the reason for your choice. ...
... A student predicted that if a temperature graph was prepared for carrot catalase activity, the optimal temperature would be expected to be much lower than that shown by catalase from humans. b. Do you agree or disagree with the student’s prediction? Explain the reason for your choice. ...
Unit 3 Notes
... - Ethanol is a waste product and toxic to the bacteria that produce it. - Ethanol is produced from the fermentation of corn and wheat This is a food source – is it ethical to use food to power cars and industry? When ethanol burns it still releases carbon dioxide – is this a viable ...
... - Ethanol is a waste product and toxic to the bacteria that produce it. - Ethanol is produced from the fermentation of corn and wheat This is a food source – is it ethical to use food to power cars and industry? When ethanol burns it still releases carbon dioxide – is this a viable ...
9-1 and 9-3 PowerPoint Notes
... The three main stages of cellular respiration are ___________, the ________ cycle, and the ___________ ___________chain. Stages of Cellular Respiration Glycolysis produces only a ________ amount of energy. Most of glucose’s energy (90%) remains locked in the __________ bonds of ___________acid at th ...
... The three main stages of cellular respiration are ___________, the ________ cycle, and the ___________ ___________chain. Stages of Cellular Respiration Glycolysis produces only a ________ amount of energy. Most of glucose’s energy (90%) remains locked in the __________ bonds of ___________acid at th ...
Unit 1- Human Cells - Mrs Smith`s Biology
... synthesises ATP using the membrane protein ATP synthase. ...
... synthesises ATP using the membrane protein ATP synthase. ...
ppt-file
... on [3]. Here, enzymes belonging to the same enzyme subset have been lumped. In addition to E. coli, the malic enzyme and the carboxylating and decarboxylating enzymes linking Pyr with OAA are included. External metabolites: lysine, acetate, glucose, NAD/NADH, O2, CO2 and NH3. By contrast, the cofact ...
... on [3]. Here, enzymes belonging to the same enzyme subset have been lumped. In addition to E. coli, the malic enzyme and the carboxylating and decarboxylating enzymes linking Pyr with OAA are included. External metabolites: lysine, acetate, glucose, NAD/NADH, O2, CO2 and NH3. By contrast, the cofact ...
AP Macromolecule Notes 09
... o Enzymes:* catalyze reactions; Amylase o Milk: amino acids in babies, protein for seed; Casein ...
... o Enzymes:* catalyze reactions; Amylase o Milk: amino acids in babies, protein for seed; Casein ...
1.18 Cellular Respiration
... Bread may be leavened (assisted to rise) by mixing live yeast cells with starches (in flour) and water. The yeast cells ferment the glucose (from the starch in flour) and release carbon dioxide and ethanol. Small bubbles of carbon dioxide gas cause the bread to rise, and the ethanol evaporates away ...
... Bread may be leavened (assisted to rise) by mixing live yeast cells with starches (in flour) and water. The yeast cells ferment the glucose (from the starch in flour) and release carbon dioxide and ethanol. Small bubbles of carbon dioxide gas cause the bread to rise, and the ethanol evaporates away ...
Honors Bio – Key concepts for final
... o Carbon fixation - The ATP from the light reactions is used to power the production of glucose in the Calvin cycle using CO2 and the H and electrons from the splitting of water. Describe alternate methods of carbon fixation – o Reason is to conserve water in plants that live in arid environments. o ...
... o Carbon fixation - The ATP from the light reactions is used to power the production of glucose in the Calvin cycle using CO2 and the H and electrons from the splitting of water. Describe alternate methods of carbon fixation – o Reason is to conserve water in plants that live in arid environments. o ...
Final Review - Department of Chemistry ::: CALTECH
... be broken down into usable energy. It’s part of a larger process called cellular respiration. Glycolysis -the simple sugar glucose is broken down in the cytosol Pyruvate, the product from glycolysis, is transformed into acetyl CoA in the mitochondria in preparation for the next step The citric acid ...
... be broken down into usable energy. It’s part of a larger process called cellular respiration. Glycolysis -the simple sugar glucose is broken down in the cytosol Pyruvate, the product from glycolysis, is transformed into acetyl CoA in the mitochondria in preparation for the next step The citric acid ...
Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration
... This takes place in the mitochondria One carbon is lost (in the form of CO2) to form an acetyl molecule Acetyl joins to a carrier called coenzyme A to form ...
... This takes place in the mitochondria One carbon is lost (in the form of CO2) to form an acetyl molecule Acetyl joins to a carrier called coenzyme A to form ...
Biological Chemistry
... molecules) covalently bonded together 1. ___________ - storage form of glucose in animals; stored in our ______ and muscle cells, broken down to glucose when needed 2. _______ (amylose) - storage form of glucose in plants; stored in starch granules in plant cells, digested to _______ in our bodies 3 ...
... molecules) covalently bonded together 1. ___________ - storage form of glucose in animals; stored in our ______ and muscle cells, broken down to glucose when needed 2. _______ (amylose) - storage form of glucose in plants; stored in starch granules in plant cells, digested to _______ in our bodies 3 ...
Glucose
... 3. The -SH group of CoA replaces the -SH group of E2 to yield acetyl CoA and the fully reduced (dithiol) form of the lipoyl group. 4. Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3) promotes transfer of two hydrogen atoms from the reduced lipoyl groups of E2 to the FAD prosthetic group of E3, restoring the oxidize ...
... 3. The -SH group of CoA replaces the -SH group of E2 to yield acetyl CoA and the fully reduced (dithiol) form of the lipoyl group. 4. Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3) promotes transfer of two hydrogen atoms from the reduced lipoyl groups of E2 to the FAD prosthetic group of E3, restoring the oxidize ...
2-Phospho
... product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce ...
... product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑