Sports Nutrition Manual
... activities. It is important to note that muscle tissues can only take up glucose at a gradual rate. If too much insulin-carried glucose is available at one time in the bloodstream, insulin’s next stop for the storage of this abundant glucose is the liver. Not unlike muscles, the liver can only take ...
... activities. It is important to note that muscle tissues can only take up glucose at a gradual rate. If too much insulin-carried glucose is available at one time in the bloodstream, insulin’s next stop for the storage of this abundant glucose is the liver. Not unlike muscles, the liver can only take ...
SQA CfE Higher Human Biology Unit 1: Human Cells
... All living things are characterised by levels of organisation that are hierarchical. The cell is the lowest level of organisation that can exist independently. Multicellular organisms, like humans, have cells organised into groups of cells called tissues, the next level of organisation. Tissues are ...
... All living things are characterised by levels of organisation that are hierarchical. The cell is the lowest level of organisation that can exist independently. Multicellular organisms, like humans, have cells organised into groups of cells called tissues, the next level of organisation. Tissues are ...
Examination #2 1) Which of the following is not one of the four major
... 13) Which of the following is (are) true for the class of large biological molecules known as lipids? A) They are insoluble in water. B) They are an important constituent of cell membranes. C) They contain twice as much energy as an equivalent weight of polysaccharide. D) Only A and B are correct. E ...
... 13) Which of the following is (are) true for the class of large biological molecules known as lipids? A) They are insoluble in water. B) They are an important constituent of cell membranes. C) They contain twice as much energy as an equivalent weight of polysaccharide. D) Only A and B are correct. E ...
Drosophila Sirt2/mammalian SIRT3 deacetylates ATP synthase and
... that accumulate ceramide to gain insight into metabolic pathways that could be altered in these mutants. Our earlier study combined metabolomic profiling with genetic and biochemical approaches and demonstrated that dcerk1 mutants show an increased reliance on glycolysis, which leads to an increase ...
... that accumulate ceramide to gain insight into metabolic pathways that could be altered in these mutants. Our earlier study combined metabolomic profiling with genetic and biochemical approaches and demonstrated that dcerk1 mutants show an increased reliance on glycolysis, which leads to an increase ...
Respiratory enzyme activity and regulation of respiration pathway in
... d of recovery after water drainage. Non-waterlogged seedlings were regarded as control during this experiment. All waterlogged seedlings were averagely divided into two parts after the formation of adventitious roots. The first and second treatment groups contain seedlings with retained and removed ...
... d of recovery after water drainage. Non-waterlogged seedlings were regarded as control during this experiment. All waterlogged seedlings were averagely divided into two parts after the formation of adventitious roots. The first and second treatment groups contain seedlings with retained and removed ...
Diabetes
... chain of 21 amino acids linked by two disulfide (S—S) bridges to a B chain of 30 amino acids. ...
... chain of 21 amino acids linked by two disulfide (S—S) bridges to a B chain of 30 amino acids. ...
Diabetes Mellitus Overview and Treatments
... chain of 21 amino acids linked by two disulfide (S—S) bridges to a B chain of 30 amino acids. ...
... chain of 21 amino acids linked by two disulfide (S—S) bridges to a B chain of 30 amino acids. ...
Chapter 4
... In Summary Oxygen uptake increases in a linear fashion during incremental exercise until VO2 max is reached. The point at which blood lactic acid rises systematically during graded exercise is termed the lactate threshold or anaerobic threshold. Controversy exists over the mechanism to explain ...
... In Summary Oxygen uptake increases in a linear fashion during incremental exercise until VO2 max is reached. The point at which blood lactic acid rises systematically during graded exercise is termed the lactate threshold or anaerobic threshold. Controversy exists over the mechanism to explain ...
Exploring Yeast as a Cell Factory for the Production of Carboxylic
... Among these, poly-3-D-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is an extensively studied biopolymer naturally accumulated in some bacteria and archaea species through the formation of carbon granules. Its bio-based origin, biodegradability and applications in several industries makes it one of the most interesting bio ...
... Among these, poly-3-D-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is an extensively studied biopolymer naturally accumulated in some bacteria and archaea species through the formation of carbon granules. Its bio-based origin, biodegradability and applications in several industries makes it one of the most interesting bio ...
Comparison of the Functional Differences for the Homologous Residues within... Carboxy Phosphate and Carbamate Domains of Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase
... was constructed based upon amino acid sequence alignments and the previously determined threedimensional structures of two mechanistically related proteins, biotin carboxylase and D-alanine:D-alanine ligase. The model was tested by mutation of ten amino acid residues predicted to be important for bi ...
... was constructed based upon amino acid sequence alignments and the previously determined threedimensional structures of two mechanistically related proteins, biotin carboxylase and D-alanine:D-alanine ligase. The model was tested by mutation of ten amino acid residues predicted to be important for bi ...
Novel Substrates for Fluorescence-based Protein Tyrosine Kinase
... Six ULight-labeled PTK substrates were developed. The substrates are poly GT (4:1), poly GAT(1:1:1), three peptides of 14-18 amino acids in length derived from known phosphorylated targets: CDK1 (Tyr15), IRS-1 (Tyr983), and JAK-1 (Tyr1023), and a fourth peptide containing a novel sequence phosphoryl ...
... Six ULight-labeled PTK substrates were developed. The substrates are poly GT (4:1), poly GAT(1:1:1), three peptides of 14-18 amino acids in length derived from known phosphorylated targets: CDK1 (Tyr15), IRS-1 (Tyr983), and JAK-1 (Tyr1023), and a fourth peptide containing a novel sequence phosphoryl ...
Free fatty acids regulate the uncoupling protein and alternative
... In addition to the alternative oxidase (AOX) [1-3], some plant mitochondria contain another energy-dissipating system, namely a plant uncoupling mitochondrial protein (PUMP) [4,5]. The cyanide (CN)- and antimycin-resistant AOX, which bypasses the main cytochrome respiratory chain, catalyzes ubiquino ...
... In addition to the alternative oxidase (AOX) [1-3], some plant mitochondria contain another energy-dissipating system, namely a plant uncoupling mitochondrial protein (PUMP) [4,5]. The cyanide (CN)- and antimycin-resistant AOX, which bypasses the main cytochrome respiratory chain, catalyzes ubiquino ...
Transcriptional Regulation of Metabolism
... briefly presented. Appendix A presents the nuclear receptor family and is accompanied by Figure 1A, which shows the main characteristics of the transcription factors belonging to this family. The notion of “metabolic sensor” receptors was more particularly developed with respect to these nuclear rec ...
... briefly presented. Appendix A presents the nuclear receptor family and is accompanied by Figure 1A, which shows the main characteristics of the transcription factors belonging to this family. The notion of “metabolic sensor” receptors was more particularly developed with respect to these nuclear rec ...
Fatigue During Muscular Exercise
... Glycogen, Ca++ depletion • Compartmentalization within the cell increases the difficult of determining the source of fatigue – eg. ATP may be depleted at the myosin head, but adequate elsewhere in the cell - is this detectable? ...
... Glycogen, Ca++ depletion • Compartmentalization within the cell increases the difficult of determining the source of fatigue – eg. ATP may be depleted at the myosin head, but adequate elsewhere in the cell - is this detectable? ...
Intended Use
... Oxalacetate + NADH + H+ --------------------------- L-Malate + NAD+ +H2O Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) catalyzes the transfer of the amino group from L-aspartate to -Ketoglutarate to yield oxalacetate and L-glutamate. The oxalacetate undergoes reduction with simultaneous oxidation of NADH to NA ...
... Oxalacetate + NADH + H+ --------------------------- L-Malate + NAD+ +H2O Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) catalyzes the transfer of the amino group from L-aspartate to -Ketoglutarate to yield oxalacetate and L-glutamate. The oxalacetate undergoes reduction with simultaneous oxidation of NADH to NA ...
Metabolism in the pre-implantation oocyte and embryo
... Likewise, the production of 3H2O from [5-3H] glucose is indicative of glycolytic activity. A summary diagram of the metabolism of labelled glucose isotopes is available in Downs and Utecht (1999). Widely used in the 1980s-1990s (O'Fallon and Wright, 1986; Rieger and Guay, 1988; Downs and Utecht, 199 ...
... Likewise, the production of 3H2O from [5-3H] glucose is indicative of glycolytic activity. A summary diagram of the metabolism of labelled glucose isotopes is available in Downs and Utecht (1999). Widely used in the 1980s-1990s (O'Fallon and Wright, 1986; Rieger and Guay, 1988; Downs and Utecht, 199 ...
Maintaining Ideal Yeast Health: Nutrients Yeast Need
... • Predictable, fast and consistent fermentations without the formation of undesired flavours • Higher alcohol yields • High gravity brewing and increased amounts of adjuncts can result in slow or stuck fermentation • Insufficient nutrient supply will also result in formation of undesired flavours ...
... • Predictable, fast and consistent fermentations without the formation of undesired flavours • Higher alcohol yields • High gravity brewing and increased amounts of adjuncts can result in slow or stuck fermentation • Insufficient nutrient supply will also result in formation of undesired flavours ...
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Encounters with oxygen
... which it uses for the conversion to ethanol as a means to regenerate NAD+ in order to rescue its redox balance (248). ...
... which it uses for the conversion to ethanol as a means to regenerate NAD+ in order to rescue its redox balance (248). ...
An in Silico Liver: Model of Gluconeogenesis
... interplay between gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, and alcohol metabolism in the fasted rat liver. Biochemical pathways are represented by key kinetic reactions that include allosteric and substrates effectors, and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation enzymes regulation. The model also incorporates t ...
... interplay between gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, and alcohol metabolism in the fasted rat liver. Biochemical pathways are represented by key kinetic reactions that include allosteric and substrates effectors, and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation enzymes regulation. The model also incorporates t ...
Positional cues for the starch/lipid balance in maize kernels and
... The overall motivation for this work was to investigate the extent of potential oxygen depletion in functionally different regions of maize kernels, and determine the degree to which this limits key aspects of kernel metabolism: assimilate partitioning and C-flow to the embryo. Toward this end, we c ...
... The overall motivation for this work was to investigate the extent of potential oxygen depletion in functionally different regions of maize kernels, and determine the degree to which this limits key aspects of kernel metabolism: assimilate partitioning and C-flow to the embryo. Toward this end, we c ...
Cloning and Expression of Bovine Sodium/Glucose Cotransporters* J. Dairy Sci. 88:182–194
... sodium-linked transport process against an electrochemical gradient. The SGLT are known to play important roles in absorption of dietary D-glucose and D-galactose from the intestinal lumen and in the reabsorption of Dglucose from the glomerular filtrate in kidney. To study the role and regulation of ...
... sodium-linked transport process against an electrochemical gradient. The SGLT are known to play important roles in absorption of dietary D-glucose and D-galactose from the intestinal lumen and in the reabsorption of Dglucose from the glomerular filtrate in kidney. To study the role and regulation of ...
Enzyme - MACscience
... Enzymes involved in catabolic reactions can cause a single substrate molecule to be drawn into the active site. Chemical bonds are broken, causing the substrate molecule to break apart to become two separate molecules. Catabolic reactions include: ...
... Enzymes involved in catabolic reactions can cause a single substrate molecule to be drawn into the active site. Chemical bonds are broken, causing the substrate molecule to break apart to become two separate molecules. Catabolic reactions include: ...
enzyme
... Absolute specificity:Only catalyze one special kind of substrate and produce one kind of product Relative specificity:Can catalyze one sort of compounds or chemical bonds Stereo specificity:Only act on a single stereoisomer of the substrate ...
... Absolute specificity:Only catalyze one special kind of substrate and produce one kind of product Relative specificity:Can catalyze one sort of compounds or chemical bonds Stereo specificity:Only act on a single stereoisomer of the substrate ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑