BCMB 3100 – Chapters 6,7,8 Enzyme Basics • Six Classes (IUBMB
... For most reactions Km is a measure of the stability of the ES complex and Kcat is the rate constant for conversion of ES to P. For most reactions Km is a measure of the affinity of E for S. Thus, the lower the Km value, the greater the affinity of E for S. For most cases, Kcat is a measure of the c ...
... For most reactions Km is a measure of the stability of the ES complex and Kcat is the rate constant for conversion of ES to P. For most reactions Km is a measure of the affinity of E for S. Thus, the lower the Km value, the greater the affinity of E for S. For most cases, Kcat is a measure of the c ...
Biosynthesis of Lipids and Hydrocarbons in Algae
... Acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) is a universal carbon donor for fatty acid biosynthesis. Acetyl-CoA is supplied via multiple paths from various origins and then subsequently metabolized into malonyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) by sequential reactions. One molecule of ATP (1ATP) is used for the carboxylation ...
... Acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) is a universal carbon donor for fatty acid biosynthesis. Acetyl-CoA is supplied via multiple paths from various origins and then subsequently metabolized into malonyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) by sequential reactions. One molecule of ATP (1ATP) is used for the carboxylation ...
Lipotoxicity in steatohepatitis occurs despite an increase in
... liver transplantation (8). Uncovering defects in hepatic mitochondrial metabolism assumes great importance toward understanding the transition to NASH and developing future prevention strategies. With progression of hepatic insulin resistance and triglyceride accumulation, there is constant remodeli ...
... liver transplantation (8). Uncovering defects in hepatic mitochondrial metabolism assumes great importance toward understanding the transition to NASH and developing future prevention strategies. With progression of hepatic insulin resistance and triglyceride accumulation, there is constant remodeli ...
Fast evolutionary rates associated with functional loss in class I
... Regulation of nutrient transporters by nutrient availability is a well-known phenomenon in microorganisms, such as yeast [14] and bacteria [15]. The regulation of mammalian transporters by their substrates, however, is less understood [10]. Nevertheless, the effect of glucose on the transcriptional ...
... Regulation of nutrient transporters by nutrient availability is a well-known phenomenon in microorganisms, such as yeast [14] and bacteria [15]. The regulation of mammalian transporters by their substrates, however, is less understood [10]. Nevertheless, the effect of glucose on the transcriptional ...
BCMB 3100 – Chapters 6,7,8 Enzyme Basics • Six Classes (IUBMB
... Each of the arrows indicates an oxidation reaction. All except the last reaction are oxidations brought about by dehydrogenation. ...
... Each of the arrows indicates an oxidation reaction. All except the last reaction are oxidations brought about by dehydrogenation. ...
Enzyme Mechanisms
... Enormous degree of similarity in the general metabolic approaches all the way from E.coli to elephants Glycolysis arose prior to oxygenation of the atmosphere This is considered strong evidence that all living organisms are derived from a ...
... Enormous degree of similarity in the general metabolic approaches all the way from E.coli to elephants Glycolysis arose prior to oxygenation of the atmosphere This is considered strong evidence that all living organisms are derived from a ...
Application of Synthetic Biology for Biopolymer
... Plastics are versatile, cheap and durable materials that are omnipresent in modern society. Since most of them are derived from crude oil and are not biodegradable, their production leads to the depletion of fossil fuels and the accumulation of enormous amounts of plastic waste that pollutes ecosyst ...
... Plastics are versatile, cheap and durable materials that are omnipresent in modern society. Since most of them are derived from crude oil and are not biodegradable, their production leads to the depletion of fossil fuels and the accumulation of enormous amounts of plastic waste that pollutes ecosyst ...
Print this article - PAGEPress Publications
... reduced consumption of sugar, followed by a lower production of lactic acid. The influence of the glucose on the utilization of sodium oxalate was evaluated by repeating the same set of trials in MRS-ox with decreasing glucose concentrations, namely half content (5 g/L) and without (0 g/L) glucose ( ...
... reduced consumption of sugar, followed by a lower production of lactic acid. The influence of the glucose on the utilization of sodium oxalate was evaluated by repeating the same set of trials in MRS-ox with decreasing glucose concentrations, namely half content (5 g/L) and without (0 g/L) glucose ( ...
Chapter 5
... What happens during the preparatory and energy-conserving stages of glycolysis? 5-11 What is the value of the pentose phosphate and EntnerDoudoroff pathways if they produce only one ATP molecule? ...
... What happens during the preparatory and energy-conserving stages of glycolysis? 5-11 What is the value of the pentose phosphate and EntnerDoudoroff pathways if they produce only one ATP molecule? ...
25. biosynthesis of lipids
... mole of acetyl-CoA ; the ATP mole providing energy for driving the reaction. The net equation then would be : Acetyl-CoA carboxylase ...
... mole of acetyl-CoA ; the ATP mole providing energy for driving the reaction. The net equation then would be : Acetyl-CoA carboxylase ...
Chapter 5
... What happens during the preparatory and energy-conserving stages of glycolysis? 5-11 What is the value of the pentose phosphate and EntnerDoudoroff pathways if they produce only one ATP molecule? ...
... What happens during the preparatory and energy-conserving stages of glycolysis? 5-11 What is the value of the pentose phosphate and EntnerDoudoroff pathways if they produce only one ATP molecule? ...
PDH02 - OSU Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
... NADH and the appropriate acyl CoA. In addition there is regulation by phosphorylationdephosphorylation (14,15). This covalent modification cycle is in turn regulated by many components, as is shown in Fig. 2; this occurs for the pyruvate and branched chain ketoacid complexes. The pyruvate dehydrogea ...
... NADH and the appropriate acyl CoA. In addition there is regulation by phosphorylationdephosphorylation (14,15). This covalent modification cycle is in turn regulated by many components, as is shown in Fig. 2; this occurs for the pyruvate and branched chain ketoacid complexes. The pyruvate dehydrogea ...
Metabolic Pathway Flux Enhancement by Synthetic
... between these enzymes, only recently was it understood, by fluorescently tagging these enzymes in vivo, that all six proteins coassemble (An et al., 2008). Interestingly, these proteins dynamically assemble and disassemble depending on purine concentration. Narayanaswamy et al. (2009) similarly show ...
... between these enzymes, only recently was it understood, by fluorescently tagging these enzymes in vivo, that all six proteins coassemble (An et al., 2008). Interestingly, these proteins dynamically assemble and disassemble depending on purine concentration. Narayanaswamy et al. (2009) similarly show ...
Chapter 10 Enzymes - Angelo State University
... saturated with substrate, and cannot react any faster under those conditions. ...
... saturated with substrate, and cannot react any faster under those conditions. ...
Maillard Browning in Ethanolic Solution
... he Maillard reaction is a class of nonenzymatic browning that involves the interaction of reducing sugars and free amino acids or a free amino group of an amino acid that is a part of the protein chain (BeMiller and Whistler 1996). The factors that influence the rate of the Maillard reaction in the ...
... he Maillard reaction is a class of nonenzymatic browning that involves the interaction of reducing sugars and free amino acids or a free amino group of an amino acid that is a part of the protein chain (BeMiller and Whistler 1996). The factors that influence the rate of the Maillard reaction in the ...
Carbohydrates & Lipids - mvhs
... – Fructose + glucose sucrose + H2O – Glucose + galactose lactose + H2O – Glucose + glucose maltose + H2O ...
... – Fructose + glucose sucrose + H2O – Glucose + galactose lactose + H2O – Glucose + glucose maltose + H2O ...
Biochemistry - Textbooks Online
... Functions The hydrolytic enzymes of lysosome completely destroy the foreign materials like bacteria. They also serve to digest cell components after cell death. Inside the macrophages these lysosomes combine with vecuole which has engulfed the foreign particles and form phagolysosomes. Inside these ...
... Functions The hydrolytic enzymes of lysosome completely destroy the foreign materials like bacteria. They also serve to digest cell components after cell death. Inside the macrophages these lysosomes combine with vecuole which has engulfed the foreign particles and form phagolysosomes. Inside these ...
Flux limitations in the ortho pathway of benzoate
... of benzoate was investigated. In batch culture, growth was exponential and growth rate (p) and yields ( Y ) were high [cc = 0.51 h-l and Y*nzoate = 056 mol carbon (mol carbon)-l] when low concentrations of benzoate (< 5 mM) were used. These kinetic parameters were close to the maxima determined in a ...
... of benzoate was investigated. In batch culture, growth was exponential and growth rate (p) and yields ( Y ) were high [cc = 0.51 h-l and Y*nzoate = 056 mol carbon (mol carbon)-l] when low concentrations of benzoate (< 5 mM) were used. These kinetic parameters were close to the maxima determined in a ...
1 What is metabolism? - New Jersey Center for Teaching and
... pyruvate to a different carbon compound in order complete the cycle? What is the scientific name ...
... pyruvate to a different carbon compound in order complete the cycle? What is the scientific name ...
Sex-specific alterations in glucose homeostasis and metabolic
... Glucose homeostasis can be related to body composition. As a leaner phenotype has been previously observed in aged Casp2−/− mice,8,9 we wanted to investigate this further and focus on the role of caspase-2 in lipid metabolism. First, the possible contribution of food intake to body composition was d ...
... Glucose homeostasis can be related to body composition. As a leaner phenotype has been previously observed in aged Casp2−/− mice,8,9 we wanted to investigate this further and focus on the role of caspase-2 in lipid metabolism. First, the possible contribution of food intake to body composition was d ...
Ch20.1 Amino-acids-degradation and synthesis
... 2. Glucogenic and Ketogenic Amino Acids B. Ketogenic amino acids Amino acids whose catabolism yields either acetoacetate or one of its precursors (acetyl CoA or acetoacetyl CoA) are termed ketogenic. Acetoacetate is one of the “ketone bodies,” which also include 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetone. ...
... 2. Glucogenic and Ketogenic Amino Acids B. Ketogenic amino acids Amino acids whose catabolism yields either acetoacetate or one of its precursors (acetyl CoA or acetoacetyl CoA) are termed ketogenic. Acetoacetate is one of the “ketone bodies,” which also include 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetone. ...
Succinate Dehydrogenase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... Glycolysis is an anabolic pathway common in both aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Sugars and polysaccharides have to be transformed into glucose or one of its phosphorylated derivatives before being processed any further. In the course of degradation, ATP is produced. Pyruvate may be regarded as the ...
... Glycolysis is an anabolic pathway common in both aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Sugars and polysaccharides have to be transformed into glucose or one of its phosphorylated derivatives before being processed any further. In the course of degradation, ATP is produced. Pyruvate may be regarded as the ...
Fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue, muscle and liver in health
... Figure 2. Regulation and action of LPL This is shown for adipose tissue but aspects of the regulation and action are likely to be similar in other tissues. Top panel: LPL is synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and post-translationally modified, becoming active in the Golgi apparatus ...
... Figure 2. Regulation and action of LPL This is shown for adipose tissue but aspects of the regulation and action are likely to be similar in other tissues. Top panel: LPL is synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and post-translationally modified, becoming active in the Golgi apparatus ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑