ribosomal defects in a mutant deficient in the yajl homolog of the
... Like DJ-1, YajL protects cells against oxidative stress and oxidative stress-induced protein aggregation, possibly through its chaperone function and control of gene expression (Kthiri et al., 2010a ; Kthiri et al., 2010b). We reported recently that YajL and DJ-1 function as covalent chaperones that ...
... Like DJ-1, YajL protects cells against oxidative stress and oxidative stress-induced protein aggregation, possibly through its chaperone function and control of gene expression (Kthiri et al., 2010a ; Kthiri et al., 2010b). We reported recently that YajL and DJ-1 function as covalent chaperones that ...
PeptidePicker: a Tool for Determining Most Appropriate Peptides for
... database27 with scores given for the likelihood of observing a given peptide.28 The score also takes into consideration the suitability of an MRM transition, based on the frequency and intensity of the observed fragment ions of the specific peptide. The software checks selected peptides for uniquene ...
... database27 with scores given for the likelihood of observing a given peptide.28 The score also takes into consideration the suitability of an MRM transition, based on the frequency and intensity of the observed fragment ions of the specific peptide. The software checks selected peptides for uniquene ...
Genome-wide Investigation of Cellular Functions for tRNA Nucleus
... In eukaryotic cells tRNAs are transcribed in the nucleus and exported to the cytoplasm for their essential role in protein synthesis. This export event was thought to be unidirectional. Surprisingly, several lines of evidence showed that mature cytoplasmic tRNAs shuttle between nucleus and cytoplasm ...
... In eukaryotic cells tRNAs are transcribed in the nucleus and exported to the cytoplasm for their essential role in protein synthesis. This export event was thought to be unidirectional. Surprisingly, several lines of evidence showed that mature cytoplasmic tRNAs shuttle between nucleus and cytoplasm ...
Chlamydia Exploit the Mammalian Tryptophan-Depletion
... © 2014 Bonner, Byrne and Jensen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publicat ...
... © 2014 Bonner, Byrne and Jensen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publicat ...
Comparison of the activities of protein disulphide
... specific activity of PDI was 25-fold greater than that of thioredoxin. 3. The greater efficiency of PDI compared with thioredoxin is considered to be due more to the presence of multiple catalytic domains in PDI than to differences in their active-site sequences. 4. Data and procedures were defined ...
... specific activity of PDI was 25-fold greater than that of thioredoxin. 3. The greater efficiency of PDI compared with thioredoxin is considered to be due more to the presence of multiple catalytic domains in PDI than to differences in their active-site sequences. 4. Data and procedures were defined ...
Vanadium-Binding Proteins (Vanabins)
... common with the vertebrates. Moreover, their genome size is relatively small (~160 million bases) and they possess fundamentally all of basic developmental genes. They are, therefore, one of model organisms for genome sciences [cf. 5]. Many scientists have been interested in the reason why ascidians ...
... common with the vertebrates. Moreover, their genome size is relatively small (~160 million bases) and they possess fundamentally all of basic developmental genes. They are, therefore, one of model organisms for genome sciences [cf. 5]. Many scientists have been interested in the reason why ascidians ...
Genetic Engineering for Improved Xylose Fermentation by Yeasts
... oxytoca [46,47], Zymomonas mobilis [48,49] and S. cerevisiae [50-53]. In general, attempts at metabolic engineering have been more successful in bacteria than in yeasts. Although the reasons are not entirely clear, the smaller genomes and fewer feedback regulatory factors found in bacteria make thes ...
... oxytoca [46,47], Zymomonas mobilis [48,49] and S. cerevisiae [50-53]. In general, attempts at metabolic engineering have been more successful in bacteria than in yeasts. Although the reasons are not entirely clear, the smaller genomes and fewer feedback regulatory factors found in bacteria make thes ...
"Using the KEGG Database Resource". In: Current Protocols in
... KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a bioinformatics resource for understanding biological function from a genomic perspective. It is a multispecies, integrated resource consisting of genomic, chemical, and network information with cross-references to numerous outside databases and con ...
... KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a bioinformatics resource for understanding biological function from a genomic perspective. It is a multispecies, integrated resource consisting of genomic, chemical, and network information with cross-references to numerous outside databases and con ...
The mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier: Function
... cDNAs contain an open reading frame of 903 bp coding for a protein of 301 amino acids. Based on this information, CAC orthologs from different species have been predicted and in some cases validated (Fig. 3). CAC belongs to the mitochondrial carrier protein family (Palmieri, 2004; Picault et al., 20 ...
... cDNAs contain an open reading frame of 903 bp coding for a protein of 301 amino acids. Based on this information, CAC orthologs from different species have been predicted and in some cases validated (Fig. 3). CAC belongs to the mitochondrial carrier protein family (Palmieri, 2004; Picault et al., 20 ...
Patent constraints
... 1. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence which (i) encodes a protein or polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ. ID. No. 3, SEQ. ID. No. 5, SEQ. ID. No. 7, SEQ. ID. No. 9, SEQ. ID. No. 11, SEQ. ID. No. 13, SEQ. ID. No. 15, SEQ. ID. No. 17, SEQ. ID. No. 20, S ...
... 1. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence which (i) encodes a protein or polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ. ID. No. 3, SEQ. ID. No. 5, SEQ. ID. No. 7, SEQ. ID. No. 9, SEQ. ID. No. 11, SEQ. ID. No. 13, SEQ. ID. No. 15, SEQ. ID. No. 17, SEQ. ID. No. 20, S ...
Kinetic Role of Helix Caps in Protein Folding Is Context
... not native in the p53 TS between the unfolded and the dimeric intermediate states, but almost all residues are highly nativelike in TS from the dimeric intermediate to the tetrameric native state (28). A range of kinetic effects has also been seen in single amino acid mutations at both helix ends in ...
... not native in the p53 TS between the unfolded and the dimeric intermediate states, but almost all residues are highly nativelike in TS from the dimeric intermediate to the tetrameric native state (28). A range of kinetic effects has also been seen in single amino acid mutations at both helix ends in ...
How Optimized Is the Translational Machinery in
... be the same as that in the baseline condition when Q j exactly matches p j , e.g., when Q 1 5 p 1 in Figure 1. The baseline condition therefore seems to guarantee a relatively small Y value over a wide fluctuation of Q j values. Y will be smaller than the baseline condition only when Q j values are ...
... be the same as that in the baseline condition when Q j exactly matches p j , e.g., when Q 1 5 p 1 in Figure 1. The baseline condition therefore seems to guarantee a relatively small Y value over a wide fluctuation of Q j values. Y will be smaller than the baseline condition only when Q j values are ...
Multiomics of tomato glandular trichomes reveals
... wall + cuticle) of type VI GT cells of both tomato species is slightly thicker than that of leaf epidermal cells (about 0.7 µm versus 0.5 µm) and 3–5 times thicker than the double cell wall between leaf parenchyma cells (Figure 1). This suggests that, as in epidermal cells, gas and water exchange ...
... wall + cuticle) of type VI GT cells of both tomato species is slightly thicker than that of leaf epidermal cells (about 0.7 µm versus 0.5 µm) and 3–5 times thicker than the double cell wall between leaf parenchyma cells (Figure 1). This suggests that, as in epidermal cells, gas and water exchange ...
Shigella boydii Involved in O-antigen Synthesis By
... Figure 1. A model of inner and outer cell membranes of E.coli K-12. ......................... - 2 Figure 2. An example of a cell surface LPS, from E.coli O111:B4. ............................. - 3 Figure 3. Three O-antigen repeating unit structures that are identical in different serotypes of Shigel ...
... Figure 1. A model of inner and outer cell membranes of E.coli K-12. ......................... - 2 Figure 2. An example of a cell surface LPS, from E.coli O111:B4. ............................. - 3 Figure 3. Three O-antigen repeating unit structures that are identical in different serotypes of Shigel ...
Environmental Microbiology
... gene of A. brasilense Sp7 (NCBI Accession No. X99587; Zimmer et al., 1998), the primers ipdC-P-ApaI and ipdCP-NcoI were created to amplify the ipdC promoter region (for binding sites see Fig. 1). Using these modified primers, it was possible to attach an ApaI restriction site to the 5¢-end and a Nco ...
... gene of A. brasilense Sp7 (NCBI Accession No. X99587; Zimmer et al., 1998), the primers ipdC-P-ApaI and ipdCP-NcoI were created to amplify the ipdC promoter region (for binding sites see Fig. 1). Using these modified primers, it was possible to attach an ApaI restriction site to the 5¢-end and a Nco ...
and Rhizobiales-Like PPP-Family Protein Phosphatases from
... okadaic acid and microcystin-LR, as well as diversity in their phosphorylated substrate specificities. Bioinformatics complemented cell biology also uncovered unique subcellular localizations for each enzyme, with AtSLP1, 2 and AtRLPH2 being chloroplastic, mitochondrial and nuclear / cytosolic, resp ...
... okadaic acid and microcystin-LR, as well as diversity in their phosphorylated substrate specificities. Bioinformatics complemented cell biology also uncovered unique subcellular localizations for each enzyme, with AtSLP1, 2 and AtRLPH2 being chloroplastic, mitochondrial and nuclear / cytosolic, resp ...
ABA overlysensitive5 (ABO5), encoding a pentatricopeptide repeat
... mitochondrial electron transfer chain, causes reduced transcription of cold-inducible genes, a high accumulation of ROS and decreased cold acclimation (Lee et al., 2002). In contrast, loss of complex-I function in a cytoplasmic malesterile mutant (CMSII) did not cause a large increase in ROS accumul ...
... mitochondrial electron transfer chain, causes reduced transcription of cold-inducible genes, a high accumulation of ROS and decreased cold acclimation (Lee et al., 2002). In contrast, loss of complex-I function in a cytoplasmic malesterile mutant (CMSII) did not cause a large increase in ROS accumul ...
General principles of cellular organization in the genome
... metabolic network of 129 enzymes catalyzing 189 reactions was constructed. This metabolic map allowed the design of a defined, minimal medium with 19 essential nutrients. In summary, the M. pneumoniae metabolic network has a more linear topology and contains a higher fraction of multifunctional enzy ...
... metabolic network of 129 enzymes catalyzing 189 reactions was constructed. This metabolic map allowed the design of a defined, minimal medium with 19 essential nutrients. In summary, the M. pneumoniae metabolic network has a more linear topology and contains a higher fraction of multifunctional enzy ...
The use of deuteration for the structural study of larger proteins
... • Out-and-back triple-resonance experiments: in pairs: 3D HNCA/ HN(CO)CA 3D HN(CA)CB/ HN(COCA)CB e.g. HN → N → CO → CA → CB (t1) → CA → CO → N → HN 3D HN(CA)CO/ HNCO 3D intra-HN(CA)CO/ HNCO 3D intra-HNCA/ DQ-HNCA further: 4D HN(COCA)NH 3D HN(CACB)CG • Increased resolution using 4D approach: HNCOCA/ ...
... • Out-and-back triple-resonance experiments: in pairs: 3D HNCA/ HN(CO)CA 3D HN(CA)CB/ HN(COCA)CB e.g. HN → N → CO → CA → CB (t1) → CA → CO → N → HN 3D HN(CA)CO/ HNCO 3D intra-HN(CA)CO/ HNCO 3D intra-HNCA/ DQ-HNCA further: 4D HN(COCA)NH 3D HN(CACB)CG • Increased resolution using 4D approach: HNCOCA/ ...
Metabolic significance of inorganic triphosphate, thiamine
... specific for PPPi plays only a minor role in the cytosolic PPPase activity, while most of the activity is due to inorganic pyrophosphatase. In animal tissues, most PPPase activity is due to the short-chain exopolyphosphatase prune, which hydrolyzes PPPi with high catalytic efficiency. We hypothesize ...
... specific for PPPi plays only a minor role in the cytosolic PPPase activity, while most of the activity is due to inorganic pyrophosphatase. In animal tissues, most PPPase activity is due to the short-chain exopolyphosphatase prune, which hydrolyzes PPPi with high catalytic efficiency. We hypothesize ...
2 SINGLE-MOLECULE DNA:PROTEIN INTERACTIONS - VU-dare
... limits of optical tweezers and what are the parameters that define these limits? In most cases, the performance of an optical tweezers instrument is limited by instrument drift and environmental noise. These factors can, to a large extent be suppressed by placing instruments in sound-isolated, tempe ...
... limits of optical tweezers and what are the parameters that define these limits? In most cases, the performance of an optical tweezers instrument is limited by instrument drift and environmental noise. These factors can, to a large extent be suppressed by placing instruments in sound-isolated, tempe ...
Mechanisms and applications of disulfide bond formation
... and mRNAs translated into the amino acid sequence of proteins. The sequence of a protein determines its native structure and function (Anfinsen CB 1973). In nature, proteins are synthesized as linear polypeptides, the so called primary structure, and then fold into their final secondary, tertiary, a ...
... and mRNAs translated into the amino acid sequence of proteins. The sequence of a protein determines its native structure and function (Anfinsen CB 1973). In nature, proteins are synthesized as linear polypeptides, the so called primary structure, and then fold into their final secondary, tertiary, a ...
Nutrient Sensing through the Plasma Membrane of Eukaryotic Cells
... catalysing the first step of pyruvate reduction (pyruvate ...
... catalysing the first step of pyruvate reduction (pyruvate ...
THE INFLUENCE OF NUTRITIONAL PHOSPHATE DEPRIVATION ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA
... cultures by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Mass spectrometry identified 18 different secreted proteins that were upregulated by at least 2-fold by –Pi Arabidopsis. They were predicted to function in Pi scavenging, cell wall and ROS metabolism, proteolysis, and pathogen responses. The relationshi ...
... cultures by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Mass spectrometry identified 18 different secreted proteins that were upregulated by at least 2-fold by –Pi Arabidopsis. They were predicted to function in Pi scavenging, cell wall and ROS metabolism, proteolysis, and pathogen responses. The relationshi ...
Nucleotide sequence and structural organization of
... open reading frames (ORFs) covering 38 YOof the plasmid were identified. O R F l , from position 1638 to 2264, could encode a peptide of 208 amino acids with a molecular mass of 24.9 kDa. ORF2 begins at nucleotide 2260, overlaps the ORFl codon by four base pairs and extends to position 243 1 . I t h ...
... open reading frames (ORFs) covering 38 YOof the plasmid were identified. O R F l , from position 1638 to 2264, could encode a peptide of 208 amino acids with a molecular mass of 24.9 kDa. ORF2 begins at nucleotide 2260, overlaps the ORFl codon by four base pairs and extends to position 243 1 . I t h ...
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes, the product is a functional RNA.The process of gene expression is used by all known life - eukaryotes (including multicellular organisms), prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and utilized by viruses - to generate the macromolecular machinery for life.Several steps in the gene expression process may be modulated, including the transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein. Gene regulation gives the cell control over structure and function, and is the basis for cellular differentiation, morphogenesis and the versatility and adaptability of any organism. Gene regulation may also serve as a substrate for evolutionary change, since control of the timing, location, and amount of gene expression can have a profound effect on the functions (actions) of the gene in a cell or in a multicellular organism.In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype, i.e. observable trait. The genetic code stored in DNA is ""interpreted"" by gene expression, and the properties of the expression give rise to the organism's phenotype. Such phenotypes are often expressed by the synthesis of proteins that control the organism's shape, or that act as enzymes catalysing specific metabolic pathways characterising the organism.