Cloning and sequencing of the kedarcidin biosynthetic
... spectroscopy.3 The structure of the KED chromophore was first established on the basis of an extensive spectroscopic analysis in 1992.4,5 It has since been revised twice according to total syntheses6,7 with the final revised structure shown in Fig. 1 (also see Fig. S2, ESI†). KED belongs to the ened ...
... spectroscopy.3 The structure of the KED chromophore was first established on the basis of an extensive spectroscopic analysis in 1992.4,5 It has since been revised twice according to total syntheses6,7 with the final revised structure shown in Fig. 1 (also see Fig. S2, ESI†). KED belongs to the ened ...
Expression and activity of hexokinase in the early mouse embryo
... F.D.Houghton1-3, B.Sheth2, B.Moran2, H.J.Leese1 and T.P.Fleming2 department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York YO1 5YW, and department of Biology, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK ^o whom correspondence should be addressed The maximal activity ...
... F.D.Houghton1-3, B.Sheth2, B.Moran2, H.J.Leese1 and T.P.Fleming2 department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York YO1 5YW, and department of Biology, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK ^o whom correspondence should be addressed The maximal activity ...
Mammalian CSAD and GADL1 have distinct biochemical properties
... serve as a trophic factor (Hernandez-Benitez et al., 2010; PasantesMorales and Hernandez-Benitez, 2010), or act as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator (Jia et al., 2008). In several species, taurine deficiency has been linked to specific disease states (Schaffer et al., 2010) and also in humans dietary ...
... serve as a trophic factor (Hernandez-Benitez et al., 2010; PasantesMorales and Hernandez-Benitez, 2010), or act as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator (Jia et al., 2008). In several species, taurine deficiency has been linked to specific disease states (Schaffer et al., 2010) and also in humans dietary ...
3 Citrate metabolism and aroma compound production in lactic acid
... (tricarboxylic acid cycle) which is very widely spread in all major classes of aerobic organisms. However, some bacterial species possess alternative metabolic pathways for the metabolism of citrate under anaeobic or aerobic conditions. Citrate fermentation can be carried out in the presence of oxyg ...
... (tricarboxylic acid cycle) which is very widely spread in all major classes of aerobic organisms. However, some bacterial species possess alternative metabolic pathways for the metabolism of citrate under anaeobic or aerobic conditions. Citrate fermentation can be carried out in the presence of oxyg ...
Major players on the microbial stage: why archaea
... archaeal and bacterial partners in the event have varied (Forterre, 2010). Most recently, the archaeal partner has been suggested to be a member of the Thaumarchaeota, since these organisms possess a number of eukaryotic features not found in other archaeal phyla (Forterre, 2010). However, other mod ...
... archaeal and bacterial partners in the event have varied (Forterre, 2010). Most recently, the archaeal partner has been suggested to be a member of the Thaumarchaeota, since these organisms possess a number of eukaryotic features not found in other archaeal phyla (Forterre, 2010). However, other mod ...
An Investigation of Acetobacter aceti N5
... carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide (CAIR). A series of mutants was made to explore the role of two conserved histidines. A pH-rate comparison of AaPurE and the active mutant AaPurE-H59D was used to identify His59 as the key active site acid/base residue. The thermostability of Escherichia coli Pu ...
... carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide (CAIR). A series of mutants was made to explore the role of two conserved histidines. A pH-rate comparison of AaPurE and the active mutant AaPurE-H59D was used to identify His59 as the key active site acid/base residue. The thermostability of Escherichia coli Pu ...
using polymerase chain reaction for detection of enterotoxigenic
... cholera toxin, this result indicated that sequence of gene was at location 1-22 of target gene with length 564 bp of ctxA gene. Sequence of primers and length of target gene were consistent with the previous studies of Olsvik et al., (1993) and the name of this primer is ctxA’. Study specificity of ...
... cholera toxin, this result indicated that sequence of gene was at location 1-22 of target gene with length 564 bp of ctxA gene. Sequence of primers and length of target gene were consistent with the previous studies of Olsvik et al., (1993) and the name of this primer is ctxA’. Study specificity of ...
Global transcriptional control by glucose and
... Clostridium difficile binary toxin (CDT), which is produced by 35% of C. difficile strains, has been recently shown to play a role in adherence to the host intestinal epithelial cells (11). Other factors, such as the adhesin Cwp66, the flagellum, the fibronectin-binding protein FbpA and the surface laye ...
... Clostridium difficile binary toxin (CDT), which is produced by 35% of C. difficile strains, has been recently shown to play a role in adherence to the host intestinal epithelial cells (11). Other factors, such as the adhesin Cwp66, the flagellum, the fibronectin-binding protein FbpA and the surface laye ...
endoglucanase in cellulose biosynthesis is not very clear
... similarity between the bacterial and the plant cellulose synthase genes. Instead, the plant gene was identified by sequencing random cDNAs from a cotton fiber library and analyzing the derived amino acid sequences for presence of the conserved features identified in the bacterial cellulose synthase ...
... similarity between the bacterial and the plant cellulose synthase genes. Instead, the plant gene was identified by sequencing random cDNAs from a cotton fiber library and analyzing the derived amino acid sequences for presence of the conserved features identified in the bacterial cellulose synthase ...
The semi-phosphorylative Entner–Doudoroff pathway in
... glucose and galactose, the KDG aldolase was shown to lack facial selectivity in catalysing the cleavage of KDG as well as KDGal (2-keto-3-deoxygalactonate), both yielding GA and pyruvate. At the time the present study was submitted, the archaeal GAD had not yet been identified (however, see the Disc ...
... glucose and galactose, the KDG aldolase was shown to lack facial selectivity in catalysing the cleavage of KDG as well as KDGal (2-keto-3-deoxygalactonate), both yielding GA and pyruvate. At the time the present study was submitted, the archaeal GAD had not yet been identified (however, see the Disc ...
METABOLIC CUES AND REGULATORY PROTEINS
... establish an intracellular niche protected from digestion. Moreover, if humans inhale bacteria-laden aerosols, L. pneumophila can survive and replicate within alveolar macrophages to cause the severe pneumonia, Legionnaires’ disease. To persist within these diverse niches, L. pneumophila alternates ...
... establish an intracellular niche protected from digestion. Moreover, if humans inhale bacteria-laden aerosols, L. pneumophila can survive and replicate within alveolar macrophages to cause the severe pneumonia, Legionnaires’ disease. To persist within these diverse niches, L. pneumophila alternates ...
Functional characterisation of the TUP5 gene in - diss.fu
... strongly reduced metabolic activity, but are still viable. The gene encoding TUP5 was identified as an acetylornithine aminotransferase (ACOAT), catalysing the fourth step of arginine biosynthesis. The tup5-1 mutation is located in the third exon of At1g80600 causing an amino acid substitution (G424 ...
... strongly reduced metabolic activity, but are still viable. The gene encoding TUP5 was identified as an acetylornithine aminotransferase (ACOAT), catalysing the fourth step of arginine biosynthesis. The tup5-1 mutation is located in the third exon of At1g80600 causing an amino acid substitution (G424 ...
Structural and Functional Studies on Proteinaceous Metallocarboxypeptidase Inhibitors Joan López Arolas
... activity must be carefully controlled by the cell/organism. This control is normally achieved by regulated expression/secretion and/or activation of the pro-peptidases, by specific degradation of the mature enzymes, and by blockage of their proteolytic activity through inhibition (Bode & Huber, 1992 ...
... activity must be carefully controlled by the cell/organism. This control is normally achieved by regulated expression/secretion and/or activation of the pro-peptidases, by specific degradation of the mature enzymes, and by blockage of their proteolytic activity through inhibition (Bode & Huber, 1992 ...
Potassium starvation responses in yeast highlight novel potassium-related functions
... cells to the proper redox state. Yeast cells growing on ammonium as nitrogen source but lacking potassium accumulate large amounts of intracellular ammonium, which is transported through Trk1 taking advantage of the chemical similarity of both cations. Ammonium accumulation activates the retrograde ...
... cells to the proper redox state. Yeast cells growing on ammonium as nitrogen source but lacking potassium accumulate large amounts of intracellular ammonium, which is transported through Trk1 taking advantage of the chemical similarity of both cations. Ammonium accumulation activates the retrograde ...
Life in the slow lane: molecular mechanisms of estivation
... Estivation is a state of aerobic hypometabolism used by organisms to endure seasonally arid conditions, often in desert environments. Estivating species are often active for only a few weeks each year to feed and breed and then retreat to estivate in sheltered sites, often underground. In general, e ...
... Estivation is a state of aerobic hypometabolism used by organisms to endure seasonally arid conditions, often in desert environments. Estivating species are often active for only a few weeks each year to feed and breed and then retreat to estivate in sheltered sites, often underground. In general, e ...
Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for protein
... Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for protein. The Panel concludes that a Population Reference Intake (PRI) for protein can be derived for adults, infants and children, and pregnant and lactating women based on nitrogen balance studies. The Panel also considered several health outcomes that may be ass ...
... Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for protein. The Panel concludes that a Population Reference Intake (PRI) for protein can be derived for adults, infants and children, and pregnant and lactating women based on nitrogen balance studies. The Panel also considered several health outcomes that may be ass ...
THE MULTIFARIOUS AND DYNAMIC REGULATION OF THE LIVING CELL Karen van Eunen
... (Figure 1.3). For instance, signal transduction can either have a direct effect on metabolism or an indirect effect via gene expression. Since this thesis does not cover signal transduction, I will not discuss it any further. Here I will describe regulation via gene expression and metabolism. The re ...
... (Figure 1.3). For instance, signal transduction can either have a direct effect on metabolism or an indirect effect via gene expression. Since this thesis does not cover signal transduction, I will not discuss it any further. Here I will describe regulation via gene expression and metabolism. The re ...
+ΔFosB
... - Nave is the mean N value for the control - Ctave is the mean Ct value for the control. - Fold differences (stress ChIP relative to control ChIP) were then determined by raising 2 to the Ct power. Input : One hundred microliters of the pre-immunoprecipitated lysate Control ChIP : samples were immun ...
... - Nave is the mean N value for the control - Ctave is the mean Ct value for the control. - Fold differences (stress ChIP relative to control ChIP) were then determined by raising 2 to the Ct power. Input : One hundred microliters of the pre-immunoprecipitated lysate Control ChIP : samples were immun ...
Identification of a structural motif that confers specific interaction with
... WD40 repeats in the C-terminal half of the protein (Deng et al., 1992; McNellis et al., 1994a). All characterized lethal cop1 alleles contain mutations within the WD40 domain, whereas the weak alleles either lack the WD40 domain or have mutations N-terminal to the domain (McNellis et al., 1994a). CO ...
... WD40 repeats in the C-terminal half of the protein (Deng et al., 1992; McNellis et al., 1994a). All characterized lethal cop1 alleles contain mutations within the WD40 domain, whereas the weak alleles either lack the WD40 domain or have mutations N-terminal to the domain (McNellis et al., 1994a). CO ...
Matricellular Protein Cyr61 Bridges Lysophosphatidic Acid and
... Cyr61 in LPA-induced SMC migration and related molecular mechanisms. LPA elicits cellular responses mainly via its cognate G-protein coupled receptors (11). At least six specific G-protein-coupled receptors that trigger LPA signaling pathways have been identified: LPA1– 6 (12). It has also been show ...
... Cyr61 in LPA-induced SMC migration and related molecular mechanisms. LPA elicits cellular responses mainly via its cognate G-protein coupled receptors (11). At least six specific G-protein-coupled receptors that trigger LPA signaling pathways have been identified: LPA1– 6 (12). It has also been show ...
Applied Biosystems Real-Time PCR Rapid Assay Development
... For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix Notice to Purchaser: Limited Label License The use of uracil-N-glycosylase for carryover prevention is licensed by Life Technologies, Inc. under U.S. patents and foreign equivalents for research purposes on ...
... For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix Notice to Purchaser: Limited Label License The use of uracil-N-glycosylase for carryover prevention is licensed by Life Technologies, Inc. under U.S. patents and foreign equivalents for research purposes on ...
Characterization of the Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Gene
... showed weak similarity to some transmembrane and transport proteins from various organisms. The amino acid sequence encoded by orf1 showed significant identity to PEP carboxykinases from other organisms (see below) indicating that this orf represents the pck gene of C. glutamicum. The predicted pck ...
... showed weak similarity to some transmembrane and transport proteins from various organisms. The amino acid sequence encoded by orf1 showed significant identity to PEP carboxykinases from other organisms (see below) indicating that this orf represents the pck gene of C. glutamicum. The predicted pck ...
thèse - Université Evry Val d`Essonne
... proteins. mtDNA generally encodes catalytic subunits of the complexes of the respiratory chain with tRNA and rRNA components of the mitochondrial translation system, but it can also contain additional proteins; in S. cerevisiae, besides seven subunits of complexes involved in oxidative phosphorylati ...
... proteins. mtDNA generally encodes catalytic subunits of the complexes of the respiratory chain with tRNA and rRNA components of the mitochondrial translation system, but it can also contain additional proteins; in S. cerevisiae, besides seven subunits of complexes involved in oxidative phosphorylati ...
Comparative Sequence Analysis of the Genomic Segment 6 of Four
... Of gene 6 of rotavirus strains 1076, Gottfried, H-2 and FI-14 98-75 ~o was sequenced directly by the dideoxynucleotide method using synthetic oligonucleotides to prime cDNA synthesis from m R N A (Fig. 1). The remaining 1.25~ represents the 17 nucleotide long primer used to initiate the primer exten ...
... Of gene 6 of rotavirus strains 1076, Gottfried, H-2 and FI-14 98-75 ~o was sequenced directly by the dideoxynucleotide method using synthetic oligonucleotides to prime cDNA synthesis from m R N A (Fig. 1). The remaining 1.25~ represents the 17 nucleotide long primer used to initiate the primer exten ...
Plant and Soil
... amazonense was not unlike that for other nitrogen fixers and specific activities were comparable. They were unable to find an activating enzyme for A. amazonense so the organism differed in this respect from A. lipoferum and A. brasilense. Vignais and coworkers (1987) reviewed information on regulat ...
... amazonense was not unlike that for other nitrogen fixers and specific activities were comparable. They were unable to find an activating enzyme for A. amazonense so the organism differed in this respect from A. lipoferum and A. brasilense. Vignais and coworkers (1987) reviewed information on regulat ...
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes, the product is a functional RNA.The process of gene expression is used by all known life - eukaryotes (including multicellular organisms), prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and utilized by viruses - to generate the macromolecular machinery for life.Several steps in the gene expression process may be modulated, including the transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein. Gene regulation gives the cell control over structure and function, and is the basis for cellular differentiation, morphogenesis and the versatility and adaptability of any organism. Gene regulation may also serve as a substrate for evolutionary change, since control of the timing, location, and amount of gene expression can have a profound effect on the functions (actions) of the gene in a cell or in a multicellular organism.In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype, i.e. observable trait. The genetic code stored in DNA is ""interpreted"" by gene expression, and the properties of the expression give rise to the organism's phenotype. Such phenotypes are often expressed by the synthesis of proteins that control the organism's shape, or that act as enzymes catalysing specific metabolic pathways characterising the organism.