Nonstop mRNA Decay: a Special Attribute of Trans
... Controlling mRNA stability is one of the key means of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. A major factor contributing to transcript stability is ribosome-mediated protection of potential cleavage sites from the endonucleolytic activity of RNase E (Carpousis (2007)), an essential comp ...
... Controlling mRNA stability is one of the key means of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. A major factor contributing to transcript stability is ribosome-mediated protection of potential cleavage sites from the endonucleolytic activity of RNase E (Carpousis (2007)), an essential comp ...
Understanding the Regulation of Metabolic Enzyme Acetylation in E
... Global protein acetylation is a newly discovered phenomenon in bacteria. Of the more than 250 acetylations reported in E. coli, many are of metabolic enzymes [1-3]. Thus, acetylation could represent a novel posttranslational mechanism of metabolic control. Yet, almost nothing is known about the regu ...
... Global protein acetylation is a newly discovered phenomenon in bacteria. Of the more than 250 acetylations reported in E. coli, many are of metabolic enzymes [1-3]. Thus, acetylation could represent a novel posttranslational mechanism of metabolic control. Yet, almost nothing is known about the regu ...
Glutamate Dehydrogenases: Enzymology, Physiological
... specificity are commonly found in higher eukaryotes. However, some dual-GDHs, have also been described in prokaryotes [5, 13-15]. Glutamate dehydrogenases from non-vertebrate animals differ from the GDHs of vertebrates in that they are mono-coenzyme specific and are not regulated by nucleotides [16] ...
... specificity are commonly found in higher eukaryotes. However, some dual-GDHs, have also been described in prokaryotes [5, 13-15]. Glutamate dehydrogenases from non-vertebrate animals differ from the GDHs of vertebrates in that they are mono-coenzyme specific and are not regulated by nucleotides [16] ...
... it affects millions of pregnant women and their offspring. In endemic areas, PAM is concentrated among primigravid women, indicating that protective immunity to PAM is acquired as a function of parity and that it is possible to make a vaccine protecting against PAM. Malaria is caused by unicellular ...
Engineering Cytosolic Acetyl-CoA Metabolism in
... A Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain carrying deletions in all three pyruvate decarboxylase genes (also called Pdc negative yeast) represents a non-ethanol producing platform strain for biochemical production. However, it cannot grow on glucose as the sole carbon source due to the lack of cytosolic ace ...
... A Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain carrying deletions in all three pyruvate decarboxylase genes (also called Pdc negative yeast) represents a non-ethanol producing platform strain for biochemical production. However, it cannot grow on glucose as the sole carbon source due to the lack of cytosolic ace ...
Ammonia, urea production and pH regulation
... Short-term regulation of urea synthesis occurs at the levels of substrate provision and enzyme activities, whereas long-term control is transcriptionally effected by changes in enzyme concentrations. Substrate provision for the urea cycle depends on amino acid delivery, the activity of amino acid tr ...
... Short-term regulation of urea synthesis occurs at the levels of substrate provision and enzyme activities, whereas long-term control is transcriptionally effected by changes in enzyme concentrations. Substrate provision for the urea cycle depends on amino acid delivery, the activity of amino acid tr ...
Molecular and General Genetics.
... system of the host plant. This eect is thought to result from the production of auxin-like compounds, such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), by the bacterium, because application of IAA mimics the eect of inoculation with the bacteria (for a review see Costacurta and Vanderleyden 1995). No mutant str ...
... system of the host plant. This eect is thought to result from the production of auxin-like compounds, such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), by the bacterium, because application of IAA mimics the eect of inoculation with the bacteria (for a review see Costacurta and Vanderleyden 1995). No mutant str ...
Early events in protein folding
... polypeptide chain searches out its final native conformation from an inconceivably large number of available conformations. A polypeptide chain of 101 amino acid residues would have to sample 3100 = 5 × 1047 conformations, if each bond connecting two consecutive residues has only three possible conf ...
... polypeptide chain searches out its final native conformation from an inconceivably large number of available conformations. A polypeptide chain of 101 amino acid residues would have to sample 3100 = 5 × 1047 conformations, if each bond connecting two consecutive residues has only three possible conf ...
Suberin biosynthesis in O. sativa: characterisation of a cytochrome
... An organism is defined to be alive when it features certain characteristics: It has to have the ability to reproduce itself, a metabolism to absorb and convert energy from the environment and to build its own components, it has to be discrete from its surrounding media, and maintain its homoeostasis ...
... An organism is defined to be alive when it features certain characteristics: It has to have the ability to reproduce itself, a metabolism to absorb and convert energy from the environment and to build its own components, it has to be discrete from its surrounding media, and maintain its homoeostasis ...
... kinase, yB and yc, which are predicted to translate to 518 and 495 amino acids, respectively. Amino acid differences between these isoforms and therat brain y isoform (which we refer to as y ~ are ) localized to the variable domain. We used RNase protection of this variable region to reveal thelevel ...
Xenopus Spinal Neurons Express Kv2 Potassium Channel
... and pXb4 occur at the third position of a codon and do not cause amino acid changes (Fig. I/l). pXb3 is 76 and 97% identical to XShab9 and XShab12, respectively, indicating that pXb3 is related to XShab12. Eight of the nine nucleotide differences between pXb3 and XShabl2 occur at the third position ...
... and pXb4 occur at the third position of a codon and do not cause amino acid changes (Fig. I/l). pXb3 is 76 and 97% identical to XShab9 and XShab12, respectively, indicating that pXb3 is related to XShab12. Eight of the nine nucleotide differences between pXb3 and XShabl2 occur at the third position ...
- Wiley Online Library
... (Figure 1). MC is initiated by ACh release from the motor neuron, which crosses the synaptic basal lamina to bind to the nicotinic ACh receptor (CHRN), which consists of five subunits.12 The γ subunit (CHRNG) is expressed in immature muscle and replaced by the ε subunit upon maturity.13 CHRN is a li ...
... (Figure 1). MC is initiated by ACh release from the motor neuron, which crosses the synaptic basal lamina to bind to the nicotinic ACh receptor (CHRN), which consists of five subunits.12 The γ subunit (CHRNG) is expressed in immature muscle and replaced by the ε subunit upon maturity.13 CHRN is a li ...
OMPROT PP2 ver4 - Plant Physiology
... outer membranes by sedimentation and subsequent flotation through sucrose gradients. This membrane fractionation was performed on two samples, the first being FFE enriched mitochondria to yield enriched mitochondrial outer membrane (Mt OM), the second being the crude organelle enrichment HSP to yie ...
... outer membranes by sedimentation and subsequent flotation through sucrose gradients. This membrane fractionation was performed on two samples, the first being FFE enriched mitochondria to yield enriched mitochondrial outer membrane (Mt OM), the second being the crude organelle enrichment HSP to yie ...
BACILLUS SPHAERICUS TOXINS: Molecular Biology and Mode of
... three repeated regions ~90amino acids each, the function of which is unknown; the 27-kDa fragment contains a short region corresponding to a transmembrane domain. The 27-kDa part of Mtx1 shares weak similarity with the catalytic domain of several ADP-ribosylating toxins (76, 77). Mtx2 has 34 and 29% ...
... three repeated regions ~90amino acids each, the function of which is unknown; the 27-kDa fragment contains a short region corresponding to a transmembrane domain. The 27-kDa part of Mtx1 shares weak similarity with the catalytic domain of several ADP-ribosylating toxins (76, 77). Mtx2 has 34 and 29% ...
Gene Section LRP5 (low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5)
... beta-propeller motifs and four epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats create the binding sites for extracellular ligands. These domains are followed by three LDLR type A (LA) domains. The intracellular domain of LRP5 contains 5 PPPSP motifs, to which Axin preferentially binds after phosphorylati ...
... beta-propeller motifs and four epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats create the binding sites for extracellular ligands. These domains are followed by three LDLR type A (LA) domains. The intracellular domain of LRP5 contains 5 PPPSP motifs, to which Axin preferentially binds after phosphorylati ...
Characteristics of Whey Flavor - Innovation Center for US Dairy
... Astringency is not a flavor, but rather a drying sensation in the mouth that is typically associated with beverages like wine or tea. It is thought to be caused by compounds in foods that bind with and precipitate salivary proteins.23 Astringency is an important consideration for whey protein ingred ...
... Astringency is not a flavor, but rather a drying sensation in the mouth that is typically associated with beverages like wine or tea. It is thought to be caused by compounds in foods that bind with and precipitate salivary proteins.23 Astringency is an important consideration for whey protein ingred ...
cerevisiae - Oxford Academic
... of proteins (6). Translation termination is an efficient process, essential for the correct expression of proteins. Termination efficiency can be influenced by a number of factors, including the nucleotide context of the stop codon (7), the identity of the last two amino acids incorporated into the ...
... of proteins (6). Translation termination is an efficient process, essential for the correct expression of proteins. Termination efficiency can be influenced by a number of factors, including the nucleotide context of the stop codon (7), the identity of the last two amino acids incorporated into the ...
Further studies on the new coomassie brilliant blue G-250 - K-REx
... Consequently, it was decided to investigate the potential of this dye more fully than it had been dealt with in Bradford's report. ...
... Consequently, it was decided to investigate the potential of this dye more fully than it had been dealt with in Bradford's report. ...
Nucleic acid vaccines against rickettsial diseases and methods of use
... Animals Which have recovered from heartWater are resis tant to further homologous, and in some cases heterologous, ...
... Animals Which have recovered from heartWater are resis tant to further homologous, and in some cases heterologous, ...
Transcription factor Sp3 is silenced through - IMT
... GC box present in many promoters. The expression pattern, the structure and the DNA-binding capacity of Sp3 are very similar to Sp1. The physiological role of Sp1 and Sp3, however, appears to be different since Sp3- and Sp1de®cient mice exhibit different phenotypes (Marin et al., 1997; Bouwman et al ...
... GC box present in many promoters. The expression pattern, the structure and the DNA-binding capacity of Sp3 are very similar to Sp1. The physiological role of Sp1 and Sp3, however, appears to be different since Sp3- and Sp1de®cient mice exhibit different phenotypes (Marin et al., 1997; Bouwman et al ...
on the importance of cooperativity effects - RSC Publishing
... regulation of gene expression depend on protein–DNA stacking interactions.6 An additional related function takes place at the active site of a number of DNA repair enzymes, where alkylated purines are excised by means of a recognition mechanism based on p–p contacts with the side chains of aromatic ...
... regulation of gene expression depend on protein–DNA stacking interactions.6 An additional related function takes place at the active site of a number of DNA repair enzymes, where alkylated purines are excised by means of a recognition mechanism based on p–p contacts with the side chains of aromatic ...
- Free Documents
... proteins in a third oI the . It is estimated that one A Figure groups Irom the protein eucaryotic cell are phosphorylated at any given time. The other main class oI molecular switches involved in signaling are Pbinding proteins . These switch between an active state when GTP is bound and an er Chapt ...
... proteins in a third oI the . It is estimated that one A Figure groups Irom the protein eucaryotic cell are phosphorylated at any given time. The other main class oI molecular switches involved in signaling are Pbinding proteins . These switch between an active state when GTP is bound and an er Chapt ...
Diversity and origins of anaerobic metabolism in mitochondria and
... Mitochondria are best known for their role in ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation. In this pathway, pyruvate from glycolysis is imported into mitochondria where it is oxidatively decarboxylated to acetyl-CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and fed into the Krebs cycle to produce NADH and FADH ...
... Mitochondria are best known for their role in ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation. In this pathway, pyruvate from glycolysis is imported into mitochondria where it is oxidatively decarboxylated to acetyl-CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and fed into the Krebs cycle to produce NADH and FADH ...
Balancing between respiration and fermentation - UvA-DARE
... Yeastt cells are confronted with drastic changes in the availability of nutrients in their environment.. They have developed specific regulatory systems to sense the presence, type and concentrationn of a carbon source in order to carry out the metabolic functions most appropriate too the situation ...
... Yeastt cells are confronted with drastic changes in the availability of nutrients in their environment.. They have developed specific regulatory systems to sense the presence, type and concentrationn of a carbon source in order to carry out the metabolic functions most appropriate too the situation ...
Cholesterol Synthesis
... acids, eicosanoids, retinoids, & various non-polar xenobiotics (drugs & other foreign compounds). Some P450 enzymes have broad substrate specificity. Mechanisms for detoxification of non-polar compounds include reactions such as hydroxylations that increase polarity, so that the products of these ...
... acids, eicosanoids, retinoids, & various non-polar xenobiotics (drugs & other foreign compounds). Some P450 enzymes have broad substrate specificity. Mechanisms for detoxification of non-polar compounds include reactions such as hydroxylations that increase polarity, so that the products of these ...
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes, the product is a functional RNA.The process of gene expression is used by all known life - eukaryotes (including multicellular organisms), prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and utilized by viruses - to generate the macromolecular machinery for life.Several steps in the gene expression process may be modulated, including the transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein. Gene regulation gives the cell control over structure and function, and is the basis for cellular differentiation, morphogenesis and the versatility and adaptability of any organism. Gene regulation may also serve as a substrate for evolutionary change, since control of the timing, location, and amount of gene expression can have a profound effect on the functions (actions) of the gene in a cell or in a multicellular organism.In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype, i.e. observable trait. The genetic code stored in DNA is ""interpreted"" by gene expression, and the properties of the expression give rise to the organism's phenotype. Such phenotypes are often expressed by the synthesis of proteins that control the organism's shape, or that act as enzymes catalysing specific metabolic pathways characterising the organism.