Identification of a Vinyl Reductase Gene for
... that has not been identified for chlorophyll biosynthesis. DVR performs reduction of 8-vinyl group on the tetrapyrrole to an ethyl group (Parham and Rebeiz, 1995) using NADPH as the reductant. This activity has been detected with isolated plastid membranes (Parham and Rebeiz, 1995) from cucumber (Cu ...
... that has not been identified for chlorophyll biosynthesis. DVR performs reduction of 8-vinyl group on the tetrapyrrole to an ethyl group (Parham and Rebeiz, 1995) using NADPH as the reductant. This activity has been detected with isolated plastid membranes (Parham and Rebeiz, 1995) from cucumber (Cu ...
Disallowed Ramachandran Conformations of Amino Acid Residues
... residues in the protein structures (Ramachandran et al., 1963). In 42 cases no short van der Waals non-hydrogen contacts were observed though such short contacts existed in the ideal model. On closer examination, it was found that in all these cases the bond angles at Ca (Cb − Ca − C and N − Ca − Cb ...
... residues in the protein structures (Ramachandran et al., 1963). In 42 cases no short van der Waals non-hydrogen contacts were observed though such short contacts existed in the ideal model. On closer examination, it was found that in all these cases the bond angles at Ca (Cb − Ca − C and N − Ca − Cb ...
Tetrahymena Contain Two Distinct and Unusual High Mobility Group
... C and HMG B of Levy-Wilson et al., 1983) can be isolated in large quantities from purified macronuclei along with histone H1 due to their selective solubility in 5 % perchloric acid (Fig. 1 A). Like other HMGs, LG-1 and LG-2 (and H1) can also be extracted from macronuclei with 0.35 M NaCI and are so ...
... C and HMG B of Levy-Wilson et al., 1983) can be isolated in large quantities from purified macronuclei along with histone H1 due to their selective solubility in 5 % perchloric acid (Fig. 1 A). Like other HMGs, LG-1 and LG-2 (and H1) can also be extracted from macronuclei with 0.35 M NaCI and are so ...
Engineering Cytosolic Acetyl-CoA Metabolism in Saccharomyces
... A Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain carrying deletions in all three pyruvate decarboxylase genes (also called Pdc negative yeast) represents a non-ethanol producing platform strain for biochemical production. However, it cannot grow on glucose as the sole carbon source due to the lack of cytosolic ace ...
... A Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain carrying deletions in all three pyruvate decarboxylase genes (also called Pdc negative yeast) represents a non-ethanol producing platform strain for biochemical production. However, it cannot grow on glucose as the sole carbon source due to the lack of cytosolic ace ...
1-3 flagellum - Instituto de Higiene
... Alternatively, the acyl modifications on some proteins such as FCaBP could cause partitioning into the unique lipid environment of the flagellar membrane. Furthermore, other proteins like ISO2 are not present in the flagellar membrane and could be either actively excluded from this compartment or re ...
... Alternatively, the acyl modifications on some proteins such as FCaBP could cause partitioning into the unique lipid environment of the flagellar membrane. Furthermore, other proteins like ISO2 are not present in the flagellar membrane and could be either actively excluded from this compartment or re ...
Cells: building blocks of living organisms
... Mitochondrial genome: Consists of one circular molecule 16,569 nucleotides long, multiple copies of which are found in the organelles called mitochondria. The mitochondrial genome consists of 37 protein genes. Marcel Turcotte ([email protected]) ...
... Mitochondrial genome: Consists of one circular molecule 16,569 nucleotides long, multiple copies of which are found in the organelles called mitochondria. The mitochondrial genome consists of 37 protein genes. Marcel Turcotte ([email protected]) ...
End-product control of enzymes of branched
... for that amino acid become very high. This is due to loss of end-product control of expression of genes encoding the biosynthetic enzymes when the internal level of the amino acid becomes insufficient for end-product control. We have carried out similar experiments with auxotrophs of S. coelicolor, ...
... for that amino acid become very high. This is due to loss of end-product control of expression of genes encoding the biosynthetic enzymes when the internal level of the amino acid becomes insufficient for end-product control. We have carried out similar experiments with auxotrophs of S. coelicolor, ...
Cardiac troponin I gene knockout - University of Wisconsin–Madison
... common responses to cardiac insufficiency.21,22 Heart tissue sections prepared from cTnI–/– animals and stained with hematoxylin and eosin revealed neither hypertrophy nor ventricular dilation even in 18-day-old animals with advanced symptoms (not shown). Gomori’s trichrome staining for fibrosis als ...
... common responses to cardiac insufficiency.21,22 Heart tissue sections prepared from cTnI–/– animals and stained with hematoxylin and eosin revealed neither hypertrophy nor ventricular dilation even in 18-day-old animals with advanced symptoms (not shown). Gomori’s trichrome staining for fibrosis als ...
The Interaction between Dietary Protein and Bone Health
... then for lumbar spine BMD. For all protein (total protein and milk basic protein), a significant effect of protein supplementation on lumbar spine BMD was seen (weighted mean difference + 0.02; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.04; p = 0.04). No effect was seen on lumbar spine BMD of MBP or soy protein alone. Overall ...
... then for lumbar spine BMD. For all protein (total protein and milk basic protein), a significant effect of protein supplementation on lumbar spine BMD was seen (weighted mean difference + 0.02; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.04; p = 0.04). No effect was seen on lumbar spine BMD of MBP or soy protein alone. Overall ...
Pyruvate : NADP+ Oxidoreductase from the Mitochondrion of
... the earliest eukaryotic cells (Martin and Müller 1998). In principle, three alternative explanations could currently account for the distribution of PFO among eukaryotes and its evident correlation with the amitochondriate phenotype. The first possible explanation is that the host of mitochondrial ...
... the earliest eukaryotic cells (Martin and Müller 1998). In principle, three alternative explanations could currently account for the distribution of PFO among eukaryotes and its evident correlation with the amitochondriate phenotype. The first possible explanation is that the host of mitochondrial ...
nitrogen fixation and its improvement through genetic engineering
... from the leaves to nodules are comprised of glucose, sucrose and organic compounds. Sucrose serves as the real substrate that support nitrogen fixation by bacteria. hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase present in bacteria helps to generate the reducing power of ATP for the support of nitrogen fixation (T ...
... from the leaves to nodules are comprised of glucose, sucrose and organic compounds. Sucrose serves as the real substrate that support nitrogen fixation by bacteria. hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase present in bacteria helps to generate the reducing power of ATP for the support of nitrogen fixation (T ...
Moore BA, Gonzalez Aviles GD, Larkins CE, Hillman MJ, Caspary T. Mamm Genome. 2010 Aug;21(7-8):350-60. Mitochondrial retention of Opa1 is required for mouse embryogenesis
... Fig. 3 Mislocalization of Opa1 protein in lilR3 embryos. Western blot analysis of mitochondrial (left panels) and cytosolic (right panels) E10.5 embryo protein lysates using antibodies against Opa1, a-tubulin (loading control), and cytochrome c (mitochondrial marker, demonstrating the efficiency of ...
... Fig. 3 Mislocalization of Opa1 protein in lilR3 embryos. Western blot analysis of mitochondrial (left panels) and cytosolic (right panels) E10.5 embryo protein lysates using antibodies against Opa1, a-tubulin (loading control), and cytochrome c (mitochondrial marker, demonstrating the efficiency of ...
K 2
... important tool identifying and in genotyping of these bacteria indicates that genotype strongly associated with high invasive disease. Where large numbers of cases have been reported in geographically very wide spread [(15]. Genotyping of K. Pneumonia is very important tool to know the prevalence of ...
... important tool identifying and in genotyping of these bacteria indicates that genotype strongly associated with high invasive disease. Where large numbers of cases have been reported in geographically very wide spread [(15]. Genotyping of K. Pneumonia is very important tool to know the prevalence of ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... set of prokaryotic RFs differing in stop codon specificity, RF1 for UAG and UAA, and RF2 for UGA and UAA, was analyzed by means of a recently developed computational method allowing identification of the specificity-determining positions (SDPs) in families composed of proteins with similar but not i ...
... set of prokaryotic RFs differing in stop codon specificity, RF1 for UAG and UAA, and RF2 for UGA and UAA, was analyzed by means of a recently developed computational method allowing identification of the specificity-determining positions (SDPs) in families composed of proteins with similar but not i ...
The Serratia gene cluster encoding biosynthesis of the red antibiotic
... Fig. 1. (a) Comparison of the prodigiosin biosynthetic clusters (pig cluster) from Serratia 39006, Sma 274, and the undecylprodigiosin biosynthetic cluster (red cluster) from Str. coelicolor A3(2). Lines between the Str. coelicolor red and Serratia pig clusters trace the homologue genes relative pos ...
... Fig. 1. (a) Comparison of the prodigiosin biosynthetic clusters (pig cluster) from Serratia 39006, Sma 274, and the undecylprodigiosin biosynthetic cluster (red cluster) from Str. coelicolor A3(2). Lines between the Str. coelicolor red and Serratia pig clusters trace the homologue genes relative pos ...
Characterization of the cDNA and Gene Coding for the Biotin
... 5' and 3' noncoding ends. At the 5' end, the pBS-1 sequence is 122 nucleotides longer than the sequence shown in GenBank accession number L34413, and the 5'-most 8 nucleotides of pBS-1 are very different from those in the sequence of Patton et al. This latter difference at the 5' end of pBS-1 was co ...
... 5' and 3' noncoding ends. At the 5' end, the pBS-1 sequence is 122 nucleotides longer than the sequence shown in GenBank accession number L34413, and the 5'-most 8 nucleotides of pBS-1 are very different from those in the sequence of Patton et al. This latter difference at the 5' end of pBS-1 was co ...
The Bacterial Toxin RelE Displays Codon
... has the regulatory components and genetic organization that characterize most toxin-antitoxin (TA) operons (Figure 7; Jensen and Gerdes, 1995). The antitoxin gene (relB) is located upstream of the toxin gene (relE) and both are translated from one mRNA transcript (Bech et al., 1985). RelB and RelE f ...
... has the regulatory components and genetic organization that characterize most toxin-antitoxin (TA) operons (Figure 7; Jensen and Gerdes, 1995). The antitoxin gene (relB) is located upstream of the toxin gene (relE) and both are translated from one mRNA transcript (Bech et al., 1985). RelB and RelE f ...
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle-Dependent Regulation of Staphylococcus
... and used according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Determination of NADⴙ, NADH, and ATP concentrations. Intracellular NAD⫹ and NADH concentrations were determined with an enzymatic cycling assay kit (Biovision). Briefly, aliquots (5 to 20 ml) were harvested at 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h by centrifugation a ...
... and used according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Determination of NADⴙ, NADH, and ATP concentrations. Intracellular NAD⫹ and NADH concentrations were determined with an enzymatic cycling assay kit (Biovision). Briefly, aliquots (5 to 20 ml) were harvested at 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h by centrifugation a ...
Early bioenergetic evolution
... temperature often exceeding 3008C. Such ‘black smokers’ are not only very hot, but they are also short-lived, lasting in the order of decades. In contrast, off-ridge vents of the kind exemplified by Lost City [13,17] are situated several kilometres away from the spreading zone; hence the water circu ...
... temperature often exceeding 3008C. Such ‘black smokers’ are not only very hot, but they are also short-lived, lasting in the order of decades. In contrast, off-ridge vents of the kind exemplified by Lost City [13,17] are situated several kilometres away from the spreading zone; hence the water circu ...
BIF CH4 5th proofs.qxd
... has a distinct meaning. Similarity is simply a descriptive term telling you that the sequences in question show some degree of match. Homology, in contrast, has distinct evolutionary and biological implications. In the molecular biological context, it is generally defined as referring specifically t ...
... has a distinct meaning. Similarity is simply a descriptive term telling you that the sequences in question show some degree of match. Homology, in contrast, has distinct evolutionary and biological implications. In the molecular biological context, it is generally defined as referring specifically t ...
Engineering subunit association of multisubunit proteins
... could be reduced significantly by deleting a loop from G113 through W120 that should have no apparent contact with biotin in a dimeric molecule. The resulting protein, containing both the H127D mutation and the loop deletion, formed a soluble dimeric streptavidin in the presence of biotin. There are ...
... could be reduced significantly by deleting a loop from G113 through W120 that should have no apparent contact with biotin in a dimeric molecule. The resulting protein, containing both the H127D mutation and the loop deletion, formed a soluble dimeric streptavidin in the presence of biotin. There are ...
E. coli
... The LT-IIb gene was also cloned and analysed. The A genes of LT-IIa and LT-IIb exhibited 71% DNA sequence homology with each other and 55 to 57% homology with the A genes of CT and LT-I. The B subunits of LT-IIa and LT-IIb differ from the LT-I in their carbohydrate-binding specificities. The ...
... The LT-IIb gene was also cloned and analysed. The A genes of LT-IIa and LT-IIb exhibited 71% DNA sequence homology with each other and 55 to 57% homology with the A genes of CT and LT-I. The B subunits of LT-IIa and LT-IIb differ from the LT-I in their carbohydrate-binding specificities. The ...
SPT4, a gene important for tr
... Plasmids. The plasmids pJF17, pJF42, and pBM25 contain subclones of the cloned SPT4 gene in the centromere-containing vector YCp50 (Johnston and Davis 1984) and were used to delimit the SPT4 gene (Fig. 1). The HindIII fragment that contains SPT4 function was cloned in the integrating vector YIp5 (St ...
... Plasmids. The plasmids pJF17, pJF42, and pBM25 contain subclones of the cloned SPT4 gene in the centromere-containing vector YCp50 (Johnston and Davis 1984) and were used to delimit the SPT4 gene (Fig. 1). The HindIII fragment that contains SPT4 function was cloned in the integrating vector YIp5 (St ...
VAAM-Jahrestagung 2015 1.–4. März in Marburg/Lahn
... numerous authors of oral and poster presentations for their contributions to this conference. We are very thankful to our main sponsors and industrial partners, as well as the German Research Foundation (DFG), the Federation of European Microbiological Societies (FEMS) and the local DFG-funded Colla ...
... numerous authors of oral and poster presentations for their contributions to this conference. We are very thankful to our main sponsors and industrial partners, as well as the German Research Foundation (DFG), the Federation of European Microbiological Societies (FEMS) and the local DFG-funded Colla ...
Protein-protein interactions: mechanisms and
... the electrostatic interaction can define the lifetime of complexes (Archakov and Ivanov, 1999). (d) Hydrogen bonding. The average number of hydrogen bonds is proportional to the area of subunit interfaces: one bond for each 100–200 Å2 (Jones and Thornton, 1996) or about 10 bonds per interface (Lo C ...
... the electrostatic interaction can define the lifetime of complexes (Archakov and Ivanov, 1999). (d) Hydrogen bonding. The average number of hydrogen bonds is proportional to the area of subunit interfaces: one bond for each 100–200 Å2 (Jones and Thornton, 1996) or about 10 bonds per interface (Lo C ...
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes, the product is a functional RNA.The process of gene expression is used by all known life - eukaryotes (including multicellular organisms), prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and utilized by viruses - to generate the macromolecular machinery for life.Several steps in the gene expression process may be modulated, including the transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein. Gene regulation gives the cell control over structure and function, and is the basis for cellular differentiation, morphogenesis and the versatility and adaptability of any organism. Gene regulation may also serve as a substrate for evolutionary change, since control of the timing, location, and amount of gene expression can have a profound effect on the functions (actions) of the gene in a cell or in a multicellular organism.In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype, i.e. observable trait. The genetic code stored in DNA is ""interpreted"" by gene expression, and the properties of the expression give rise to the organism's phenotype. Such phenotypes are often expressed by the synthesis of proteins that control the organism's shape, or that act as enzymes catalysing specific metabolic pathways characterising the organism.