BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF
... climates. Historically, barley has been an important food source in many parts of the world. However, only 2 % of barley is used for human food at present, mainly in the developing world. It is used as an animal feed more likely, and the worldwide greatest use of barley is for malting purposes, most ...
... climates. Historically, barley has been an important food source in many parts of the world. However, only 2 % of barley is used for human food at present, mainly in the developing world. It is used as an animal feed more likely, and the worldwide greatest use of barley is for malting purposes, most ...
Protein kinases - Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal
... How many phosphorylation sites are there? If there are ~10,000 proteins per cell with an average length of 400 aa (~ 17% of which are Ser, Thr or Tyr), then there are ~700,000 potential phosphorylation sites for any given kinase (including hidden residues). Although protein kinases have relatively ...
... How many phosphorylation sites are there? If there are ~10,000 proteins per cell with an average length of 400 aa (~ 17% of which are Ser, Thr or Tyr), then there are ~700,000 potential phosphorylation sites for any given kinase (including hidden residues). Although protein kinases have relatively ...
Identification of enzymes involved in anaerobic benzene
... substrate, the community structure of benzene-, phenoland benzoate-grown cultures was assessed by T-RFLP analysis when approximately 25 mM ferrous iron was produced (Fig. S1). With all substrates, the analysis showed the same dominance of the Peptococcaceae-related microorganisms forming a T-RF of 2 ...
... substrate, the community structure of benzene-, phenoland benzoate-grown cultures was assessed by T-RFLP analysis when approximately 25 mM ferrous iron was produced (Fig. S1). With all substrates, the analysis showed the same dominance of the Peptococcaceae-related microorganisms forming a T-RF of 2 ...
MARKER GENE TECHNOLOGIES, Inc
... We do not recommend reusing RedView precast gels as signal decreases with ...
... We do not recommend reusing RedView precast gels as signal decreases with ...
Engineering of metabolic pathways by artificial enzyme channels
... Living cells are highly dynamic and complex metabolic systems in which most enzymes do not function in isolation but form supramolecular complexes (Jørgensen et al., 2005). By providing spatial and temporal organization of molecules within the cell, these complexes allow optimized substrate channel ...
... Living cells are highly dynamic and complex metabolic systems in which most enzymes do not function in isolation but form supramolecular complexes (Jørgensen et al., 2005). By providing spatial and temporal organization of molecules within the cell, these complexes allow optimized substrate channel ...
Identification of Surface Residues Involved in Protein
... rectly identified. With this level of success, predictions generated using this approach should be valuable for guiding experimental investigations into the roles of specific residues of a protein in its interaction with other proteins. Detailed examination of the predicted interface residues in th ...
... rectly identified. With this level of success, predictions generated using this approach should be valuable for guiding experimental investigations into the roles of specific residues of a protein in its interaction with other proteins. Detailed examination of the predicted interface residues in th ...
Single Processing Center Models for Human Dicer and Bacterial
... function as a homodimer. Based on an X-ray structure of the Aquifex aeolicus RNase III, models of the enzyme interaction with dsRNA, and its cleavage at two composite catalytic centers, have been proposed. We have generated mutations in human Dicer and Escherichia coli RNase III residues implicated ...
... function as a homodimer. Based on an X-ray structure of the Aquifex aeolicus RNase III, models of the enzyme interaction with dsRNA, and its cleavage at two composite catalytic centers, have been proposed. We have generated mutations in human Dicer and Escherichia coli RNase III residues implicated ...
DNA Structure Changes Coupled to Protein Binding
... encoding proteins, however, DNA contains noncoding sequences that regulate the use and propagation of that information. These regulatory processes involve proteins that ensure the correct conversion and processing of the DNA information, thus providing timely and spaceintegrated execution of the dev ...
... encoding proteins, however, DNA contains noncoding sequences that regulate the use and propagation of that information. These regulatory processes involve proteins that ensure the correct conversion and processing of the DNA information, thus providing timely and spaceintegrated execution of the dev ...
Metabolic and physiological interdependencies in the
... Figure 2 Density gradient enrichment of symbiont cells and host components followed by CARD-FISH. (a) Step-wise workflow of the density gradient enrichment method for physical separation of B. azoricus host and symbiont cells. Sampling for tissue-based metaproteomic analysis of whole gill and foot t ...
... Figure 2 Density gradient enrichment of symbiont cells and host components followed by CARD-FISH. (a) Step-wise workflow of the density gradient enrichment method for physical separation of B. azoricus host and symbiont cells. Sampling for tissue-based metaproteomic analysis of whole gill and foot t ...
Gene Section SPP1 (secreted phosphoprotein 1) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... - Codon triplets are not interrupted by introns, and consequently, exon skipping will not affect the codon triplets in the remaining exons. - The human gene sequence spans ~9 kb and the open reading frame consists of 942 nucleotides from the start codon (in exon 2) to the stop codon (in exon 7). ...
... - Codon triplets are not interrupted by introns, and consequently, exon skipping will not affect the codon triplets in the remaining exons. - The human gene sequence spans ~9 kb and the open reading frame consists of 942 nucleotides from the start codon (in exon 2) to the stop codon (in exon 7). ...
Lipid–protein interactions probed by electron crystallography
... at the threefold axis of the bR trimer (Figure 1C,D). A deep hydrophobic crevice is formed in between two bR monomers on the cytoplasmic side of the protein. A single PM lipid (three in total for the trimer) inserts one of its two acyl chains into this crevice to mediate interfacial ahelical packing ...
... at the threefold axis of the bR trimer (Figure 1C,D). A deep hydrophobic crevice is formed in between two bR monomers on the cytoplasmic side of the protein. A single PM lipid (three in total for the trimer) inserts one of its two acyl chains into this crevice to mediate interfacial ahelical packing ...
Determination and Quantification of Molecular Interactions in Protein
... denaturation temperature between 85 and 95 °C and due to the disulfide bonds in its structure is more heat stable than β-conglycinin (temperature of denaturation between 65 and 75 °C). Heating of soy protein forms soluble aggregates between the subunits of β-conglycinin and the polypeptide chain of ...
... denaturation temperature between 85 and 95 °C and due to the disulfide bonds in its structure is more heat stable than β-conglycinin (temperature of denaturation between 65 and 75 °C). Heating of soy protein forms soluble aggregates between the subunits of β-conglycinin and the polypeptide chain of ...
REGULATION BY EXERCISE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTENT
... exposing them to Ca2+ ionophores, or to caffeine, which releases Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, induces increases in mitochondrial biogenesis (76-78) and GLUT4 (72), that are mediated by an increase in PGC-1α (77). L6 and C2C12 myotubes do not contract in response to increases in cytosolic Ca ...
... exposing them to Ca2+ ionophores, or to caffeine, which releases Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, induces increases in mitochondrial biogenesis (76-78) and GLUT4 (72), that are mediated by an increase in PGC-1α (77). L6 and C2C12 myotubes do not contract in response to increases in cytosolic Ca ...
Molecular Imprinting of Maltose Binding Protein
... mixed in a volume of 10 mM Tris buffer (pH 7) to obtain a total monomer concentration of 10 wt %. To initiate polymerization, 5 μL of TEMED (6.5% v/v, aqueous solution) was added to 50 μL of precursor solution and then immediately deposited on a silane-modified glass slide and covered by a mica wafer. ...
... mixed in a volume of 10 mM Tris buffer (pH 7) to obtain a total monomer concentration of 10 wt %. To initiate polymerization, 5 μL of TEMED (6.5% v/v, aqueous solution) was added to 50 μL of precursor solution and then immediately deposited on a silane-modified glass slide and covered by a mica wafer. ...
Dirty Business - American Chemical Society
... and nails, has a molecular mass in the 50,000-70,000 Dalton range. On the other hand, titin, the largest known protein, consists of 34,350 amino acids, with a molecular mass of approximately 3.8 million Daltons. Protein molecules are so large they are often referred to as macromolecules. In addition ...
... and nails, has a molecular mass in the 50,000-70,000 Dalton range. On the other hand, titin, the largest known protein, consists of 34,350 amino acids, with a molecular mass of approximately 3.8 million Daltons. Protein molecules are so large they are often referred to as macromolecules. In addition ...
Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding a novel Ca2+
... cloned cDNA encodes a nuclease. This is the ¢rst report that a plant nuclease homolog is functional. We further tested e¡ects of the divalent cations, Ca2 , Mg2 , and Zn2 on the activity of the nuclease. The presence of EGTA (grid C2) and EDTA (grid C3) inhibited nuclease activity, as well as DNa ...
... cloned cDNA encodes a nuclease. This is the ¢rst report that a plant nuclease homolog is functional. We further tested e¡ects of the divalent cations, Ca2 , Mg2 , and Zn2 on the activity of the nuclease. The presence of EGTA (grid C2) and EDTA (grid C3) inhibited nuclease activity, as well as DNa ...
Protease Activity of a 90-kDa Protein Isolated from Scallop Shells
... was eluted around the 0.3 M NaCl fraction. SDSPAGE analysis of this peak did not show any bands by CBB staining, but showed a main band with a molecular weight of approximately 90 kDa by Stainsall staining (Figure 1C). To purify the protease further, the fractions after DEAE-cellulose was separated ...
... was eluted around the 0.3 M NaCl fraction. SDSPAGE analysis of this peak did not show any bands by CBB staining, but showed a main band with a molecular weight of approximately 90 kDa by Stainsall staining (Figure 1C). To purify the protease further, the fractions after DEAE-cellulose was separated ...
Threading-based Protein Structure Prediction
... protein or an RNA molecule • About 30,000 – 35,000 (protein-coding) genes in human genome • For gene that encodes protein – In Prokaryotic genome, one gene corresponds to one protein – In Eukaryotic genome, one gene can corresponds to more than one protein because of the process “alternative splicin ...
... protein or an RNA molecule • About 30,000 – 35,000 (protein-coding) genes in human genome • For gene that encodes protein – In Prokaryotic genome, one gene corresponds to one protein – In Eukaryotic genome, one gene can corresponds to more than one protein because of the process “alternative splicin ...
spectroscopic studies of mosquito iridescent virus, its capsid
... composition of the capsid proteins, the type of a nucleic acid inside the virion (RNA or DNA), and the concentration of virions in the environment or in the tissues of an infected animal. In particular, the fluorescence may be a novel tool to detect viruses and to monitor a viral infection of cells ...
... composition of the capsid proteins, the type of a nucleic acid inside the virion (RNA or DNA), and the concentration of virions in the environment or in the tissues of an infected animal. In particular, the fluorescence may be a novel tool to detect viruses and to monitor a viral infection of cells ...
Studying Protein Flexibility in a Statistical Framework: Tools and
... protein engineers might think of GroEL as a model to use in modifying the design of other protein ATPase ‘engines’ so as to convert them from the more common one-stroke cycle to a two-stroke design and thereby increase energy efficiency. In general macromolecular motions are often the essential link ...
... protein engineers might think of GroEL as a model to use in modifying the design of other protein ATPase ‘engines’ so as to convert them from the more common one-stroke cycle to a two-stroke design and thereby increase energy efficiency. In general macromolecular motions are often the essential link ...
Theranostics Evolution- and Structure
... China, harbour populations that are among the most vulnerable to this disease. The monogenic form of diabetes, maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), is a genetic form of familial diabetes mellitus that can be caused by single gene mutations in one of ten or more genes [1, 2]. Owing to such mu ...
... China, harbour populations that are among the most vulnerable to this disease. The monogenic form of diabetes, maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), is a genetic form of familial diabetes mellitus that can be caused by single gene mutations in one of ten or more genes [1, 2]. Owing to such mu ...
Codon usage in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis corn
... 1993) are all identical in the two ‘species’. Furthermore, the only differences in the cpnl0 (also known as groES, encoding chaperonin-10, the 10 kDa antigen; antigen 5) gene sequences (Yamaguchi e t al., 1988 ; Baird e t al., 1989) occur near the termination codon, and are such that the reading fra ...
... 1993) are all identical in the two ‘species’. Furthermore, the only differences in the cpnl0 (also known as groES, encoding chaperonin-10, the 10 kDa antigen; antigen 5) gene sequences (Yamaguchi e t al., 1988 ; Baird e t al., 1989) occur near the termination codon, and are such that the reading fra ...
novel nucleotide carrier proteins of Protochlamydia
... general the obligate intracellular lifestyle correlates with a drastically reduced genome of the bacteria, typically showing defects in essential biosynthetic pathways (Moran, 2002) and compensatory transport mechanisms for the import of key metabolites from the host cytosol (Moulder, 1991). For exa ...
... general the obligate intracellular lifestyle correlates with a drastically reduced genome of the bacteria, typically showing defects in essential biosynthetic pathways (Moran, 2002) and compensatory transport mechanisms for the import of key metabolites from the host cytosol (Moulder, 1991). For exa ...
COST Functional Modeling Workshop
... • Does not describe mutants or diseases, e.g. oncogenesis. • Does not include sequence attributes, e.g., exons, introns, protein domains. • Is not a database of sequences. ...
... • Does not describe mutants or diseases, e.g. oncogenesis. • Does not include sequence attributes, e.g., exons, introns, protein domains. • Is not a database of sequences. ...
Cell biology of carbohydrate metabolism
... cells; lane 2, extract from 293 cells transfected with HA-tagged Mlx and FLAG-tagged ChREBP; lane 3, same as lane 2 except incubated with antibodies to HA; lane 4, same as lane 2 except incubated with antibodies to FLAG. The arrow indicates the position of the ChREBP·Mlx complex. ...
... cells; lane 2, extract from 293 cells transfected with HA-tagged Mlx and FLAG-tagged ChREBP; lane 3, same as lane 2 except incubated with antibodies to HA; lane 4, same as lane 2 except incubated with antibodies to FLAG. The arrow indicates the position of the ChREBP·Mlx complex. ...
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes, the product is a functional RNA.The process of gene expression is used by all known life - eukaryotes (including multicellular organisms), prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and utilized by viruses - to generate the macromolecular machinery for life.Several steps in the gene expression process may be modulated, including the transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein. Gene regulation gives the cell control over structure and function, and is the basis for cellular differentiation, morphogenesis and the versatility and adaptability of any organism. Gene regulation may also serve as a substrate for evolutionary change, since control of the timing, location, and amount of gene expression can have a profound effect on the functions (actions) of the gene in a cell or in a multicellular organism.In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype, i.e. observable trait. The genetic code stored in DNA is ""interpreted"" by gene expression, and the properties of the expression give rise to the organism's phenotype. Such phenotypes are often expressed by the synthesis of proteins that control the organism's shape, or that act as enzymes catalysing specific metabolic pathways characterising the organism.