Dictionary of Interfaces in Proteins (DIP). Data Bank of
... neighborhood and succession of amino acids in primary structures leads to less complex algorithms for sequence homology search, whereas the comparison of 3D structures at the atomic level ®rst requires the assignment of equivalent atoms in the two sets (NP-hard problem; Kuhl et al., 1984), and then ...
... neighborhood and succession of amino acids in primary structures leads to less complex algorithms for sequence homology search, whereas the comparison of 3D structures at the atomic level ®rst requires the assignment of equivalent atoms in the two sets (NP-hard problem; Kuhl et al., 1984), and then ...
Molecular Cell Biology
... anaphase-promoting complex A ubiquitin ligase that triggers progression from metaphase to anaphase by signaling the degradation of cyclin B and cohesins. angiogenesis The formation of new blood vessels. antibody A protein produced by B lymphocytes that binds to a foreign molecule. anticodon The nucl ...
... anaphase-promoting complex A ubiquitin ligase that triggers progression from metaphase to anaphase by signaling the degradation of cyclin B and cohesins. angiogenesis The formation of new blood vessels. antibody A protein produced by B lymphocytes that binds to a foreign molecule. anticodon The nucl ...
Structure, function and regulation of pyruvate carboxylase
... been shown to be elevated when islets are grown in higher-thanphysiological concentrations of glucose, suggesting that both enzymes are involved in the regulation of glucose-induced insulin release [21]. It is known that pancreatic islets contain a concentration of PC equivalent to that in gluconeog ...
... been shown to be elevated when islets are grown in higher-thanphysiological concentrations of glucose, suggesting that both enzymes are involved in the regulation of glucose-induced insulin release [21]. It is known that pancreatic islets contain a concentration of PC equivalent to that in gluconeog ...
BAK1 Gene Variation: the doubts remain
... NM_001188.3 in at least four codons as shown in Table 1. For instance, the 28th amino acid codon in their sequence is GTC which is mis-translated as ALA instead of VAL, while in sequence NM_001188.3 the codon is GCC (ALA) as is shown in Figure 1. The 42nd amino acid codon, CGC, is really problematic ...
... NM_001188.3 in at least four codons as shown in Table 1. For instance, the 28th amino acid codon in their sequence is GTC which is mis-translated as ALA instead of VAL, while in sequence NM_001188.3 the codon is GCC (ALA) as is shown in Figure 1. The 42nd amino acid codon, CGC, is really problematic ...
Salinity Response in Chloroplasts: Insights from Gene
... Chloroplasts are unique organelles due to their highly oxidizing metabolic activity and increased rate of electron flow, being especially prone to generating ROS, such as superoxide anion (O2 − ), hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), singlet oxygen (1 O2 ), and hydroxyl radical (OH•). The presence of ROS pro ...
... Chloroplasts are unique organelles due to their highly oxidizing metabolic activity and increased rate of electron flow, being especially prone to generating ROS, such as superoxide anion (O2 − ), hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), singlet oxygen (1 O2 ), and hydroxyl radical (OH•). The presence of ROS pro ...
ribosome
... This protein is only 4 amino acids in length. In reality, they are often thousands of amino acids in size. This finished protein will now by used by the cell or exported by which organelle of the cell? ...
... This protein is only 4 amino acids in length. In reality, they are often thousands of amino acids in size. This finished protein will now by used by the cell or exported by which organelle of the cell? ...
Metabolic adaptation of Mycobacterium avium subsp
... shares many virulence mechanisms with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), particularly the ability to survive in the hostile environment of macrophages (Coussens, 2001). This indicates common mechanisms in the pathobiology of mycobacterial infections. In recent years, it has become clear that carbon m ...
... shares many virulence mechanisms with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), particularly the ability to survive in the hostile environment of macrophages (Coussens, 2001). This indicates common mechanisms in the pathobiology of mycobacterial infections. In recent years, it has become clear that carbon m ...
Understanding Tools and Techniques in Protein Structure Prediction
... Thus bioinformatics tools for protein analysis provide a wealth of information related to sequences and structures of proteins. Use of computational tools is an essential kit for the biologist in this rapid pace of information technology. Eventually, tools and techniques for protein sequence analysi ...
... Thus bioinformatics tools for protein analysis provide a wealth of information related to sequences and structures of proteins. Use of computational tools is an essential kit for the biologist in this rapid pace of information technology. Eventually, tools and techniques for protein sequence analysi ...
HIV protease cleaves poly(A)
... The initiation of translation is a multistep process, being a major regulatory target for translational control in animal-virus-infected cells. In the early steps of translation, the 5 cap structure of the mRNA is recognized by the eIF4F (eukaryotic initiation factor 4F) complex. eIF4F also binds t ...
... The initiation of translation is a multistep process, being a major regulatory target for translational control in animal-virus-infected cells. In the early steps of translation, the 5 cap structure of the mRNA is recognized by the eIF4F (eukaryotic initiation factor 4F) complex. eIF4F also binds t ...
Improving penicillin biosynthesis in Penicillium chrysogenum
... in generating a strain lineage that shows enhanced PEN production levels. More recently, also genetic engineering was introduced in strain improvement programs. These efforts have primarily focused on increasing the levels of (or introducing new) enzymes in the product pathway and on engineering of ...
... in generating a strain lineage that shows enhanced PEN production levels. More recently, also genetic engineering was introduced in strain improvement programs. These efforts have primarily focused on increasing the levels of (or introducing new) enzymes in the product pathway and on engineering of ...
A Simple Method for Displaying the Hydropathic Character of a Protein
... The computer program, SOAP, assigns the appropriate hydropathy value to each residue in a given amino acid sequence and then successively sums those values, starting at the ammo terminal, within overlapping segments displaced from each other by one residue. Although a segment of any size can be chos ...
... The computer program, SOAP, assigns the appropriate hydropathy value to each residue in a given amino acid sequence and then successively sums those values, starting at the ammo terminal, within overlapping segments displaced from each other by one residue. Although a segment of any size can be chos ...
Regulation of Gene Expression by Coupling of Alternative Splicing
... pathway, and used microarrays to compare the abundance of mRNAs in these cells to the abundance of mRNAs in unmodified cells.11 They found that 4.9% of the ~4000 transcripts tested showed significantly higher abundance in cells deficient in NMD, suggesting that NMD normally downregulates those trans ...
... pathway, and used microarrays to compare the abundance of mRNAs in these cells to the abundance of mRNAs in unmodified cells.11 They found that 4.9% of the ~4000 transcripts tested showed significantly higher abundance in cells deficient in NMD, suggesting that NMD normally downregulates those trans ...
Anaerobic protists and hidden mitochondria
... of oxygen and therefore must have the ability to survive the effects of oxidative stress, and this is explored in the report by Lloyd et al. (2004). A mitochondrial relict organelle has also been described in cryptosporidia (Riordan et al., 2003). This observation was recently supported by the findi ...
... of oxygen and therefore must have the ability to survive the effects of oxidative stress, and this is explored in the report by Lloyd et al. (2004). A mitochondrial relict organelle has also been described in cryptosporidia (Riordan et al., 2003). This observation was recently supported by the findi ...
proteins: three-dimensional structure
... (Section 3-2B)—protein chemists were chagrined by the complexity and apparent lack of regularity in the structure of myoglobin. In retrospect, such irregularity seems essential for proteins to fulfill their diverse biological roles. However, comparisons of the ,7000 protein structures now known have ...
... (Section 3-2B)—protein chemists were chagrined by the complexity and apparent lack of regularity in the structure of myoglobin. In retrospect, such irregularity seems essential for proteins to fulfill their diverse biological roles. However, comparisons of the ,7000 protein structures now known have ...
Use of a Sec signal peptide library from Bacillus subtilis for the
... acids in length on average [12]. These SPs show a highly conserved three-domain structure: (1) a positively charged N-region, with a high preference for lysine residues at P2 and P3 [12, 13], (2) the longest region, termed H-region, consists of hydrophobic amino acids, and (3) a C-domain, which cont ...
... acids in length on average [12]. These SPs show a highly conserved three-domain structure: (1) a positively charged N-region, with a high preference for lysine residues at P2 and P3 [12, 13], (2) the longest region, termed H-region, consists of hydrophobic amino acids, and (3) a C-domain, which cont ...
Divalent Metal Ions in Plant Mitochondria and Their Role in
... that matrix metalloproteins such as Fe-S containing aconitase and Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (SOD) are sensitive to damage by H2O2. The observed metal losses are consistent with the fact that H2O2 is known to be able to damage proteins by fragmentation, destroying metal coordination sites (H ...
... that matrix metalloproteins such as Fe-S containing aconitase and Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (SOD) are sensitive to damage by H2O2. The observed metal losses are consistent with the fact that H2O2 is known to be able to damage proteins by fragmentation, destroying metal coordination sites (H ...
Horizontal, agarose systems
... Transilluminator. Easy access to the gel The gel cassette is designed to open with Invitrogen’s Gel Knife, so that the gel inside can be accessed readily for excision of specific bands or transferred to a membrane for Southern blot analysis. Nucleic acid markers The room-temperature stable, ready-to ...
... Transilluminator. Easy access to the gel The gel cassette is designed to open with Invitrogen’s Gel Knife, so that the gel inside can be accessed readily for excision of specific bands or transferred to a membrane for Southern blot analysis. Nucleic acid markers The room-temperature stable, ready-to ...
Leishmania donovani - Oxford Academic
... positioned above the DNA major groove, but do not directly interact with the DNA. The second lobe (also comprising two domains; the former resembling the core subdomain III of human topoisomerase I and the latter representing a short variable C-terminal domain) sits below the DNA, is composed of an ...
... positioned above the DNA major groove, but do not directly interact with the DNA. The second lobe (also comprising two domains; the former resembling the core subdomain III of human topoisomerase I and the latter representing a short variable C-terminal domain) sits below the DNA, is composed of an ...
Creation/Evolution - Geoscience Research Institute
... The central dogma states that once “information” has passed into protein it cannot get out again. The transfer of information from nucleic acid to nucleic acid, or from nucleic acid to protein, may be possible, but transfer from protein to protein, or from protein to nucleic acid, is impossible. Inf ...
... The central dogma states that once “information” has passed into protein it cannot get out again. The transfer of information from nucleic acid to nucleic acid, or from nucleic acid to protein, may be possible, but transfer from protein to protein, or from protein to nucleic acid, is impossible. Inf ...
Roles of phosphatidate phosphatase enzymes in lipid metabolism
... residue is responsible for binding the phosphate moiety in the phosphatase reaction [36,37]. By contrast, the DPP1and LPP1-encoded PAP2 enzymes contain a three-domain lipid phosphatase motif that is localized to the hydrophilic surface of the membrane [23,24,26,38,39] (Figure 3b). This catalytic mot ...
... residue is responsible for binding the phosphate moiety in the phosphatase reaction [36,37]. By contrast, the DPP1and LPP1-encoded PAP2 enzymes contain a three-domain lipid phosphatase motif that is localized to the hydrophilic surface of the membrane [23,24,26,38,39] (Figure 3b). This catalytic mot ...
The f ructokinase f rom Rhizobium leguminosarum
... complementation analysis of the Tn5-induced frk mutant BAL79, and confirmed by hybridization analysis. The nucleotide sequence of the frk gene was found to contain an open reading frame consisting of 978 bp encoding 326 amino acids, which was then compared to known fructokinase sequences. The fructo ...
... complementation analysis of the Tn5-induced frk mutant BAL79, and confirmed by hybridization analysis. The nucleotide sequence of the frk gene was found to contain an open reading frame consisting of 978 bp encoding 326 amino acids, which was then compared to known fructokinase sequences. The fructo ...
Cloning and sequence analysis of cnaA gene encoding the catalytic
... to study its function in detail. While earlier reports of calcineurin A from ¢lamentous fungi suggested its requirement for hyphal growth and cell cycle regulation [5,6], a putative role of this protein phosphatase in sporulation, salt stress response and the alkaline pH-mediated signal transduction ...
... to study its function in detail. While earlier reports of calcineurin A from ¢lamentous fungi suggested its requirement for hyphal growth and cell cycle regulation [5,6], a putative role of this protein phosphatase in sporulation, salt stress response and the alkaline pH-mediated signal transduction ...
Effects of Enzyme Concentration, Temperature, pH
... 2005; Liceaga-Gesualdo & Li-Chan 1999). The functional properties of fish protein hydrolysates prepared may be improved through partial hydrolysis where the proteins are hydrolyzed to the desired extent by the use of specific enzymes and by choosing a defined set of hydrolysis conditions. Parameters ...
... 2005; Liceaga-Gesualdo & Li-Chan 1999). The functional properties of fish protein hydrolysates prepared may be improved through partial hydrolysis where the proteins are hydrolyzed to the desired extent by the use of specific enzymes and by choosing a defined set of hydrolysis conditions. Parameters ...
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes, the product is a functional RNA.The process of gene expression is used by all known life - eukaryotes (including multicellular organisms), prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and utilized by viruses - to generate the macromolecular machinery for life.Several steps in the gene expression process may be modulated, including the transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein. Gene regulation gives the cell control over structure and function, and is the basis for cellular differentiation, morphogenesis and the versatility and adaptability of any organism. Gene regulation may also serve as a substrate for evolutionary change, since control of the timing, location, and amount of gene expression can have a profound effect on the functions (actions) of the gene in a cell or in a multicellular organism.In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype, i.e. observable trait. The genetic code stored in DNA is ""interpreted"" by gene expression, and the properties of the expression give rise to the organism's phenotype. Such phenotypes are often expressed by the synthesis of proteins that control the organism's shape, or that act as enzymes catalysing specific metabolic pathways characterising the organism.