Biology: semester one: course outline
... List the components of the endomembrane system, and describe the structure and function of each component. Understand means of intracellular digestion by lysosomes. Understand the roles of vacuoles. Be able to explain the energy conversions carried out by mitochondria and chloroplasts. Describe the ...
... List the components of the endomembrane system, and describe the structure and function of each component. Understand means of intracellular digestion by lysosomes. Understand the roles of vacuoles. Be able to explain the energy conversions carried out by mitochondria and chloroplasts. Describe the ...
PCR Optimization: Reaction Conditions and
... protocol and GeneAmp® PCR Reagents, amplification of the Lambda control target DNA is guaranteed with a 15-second, 94 °C denaturation step and a 1minute, 68 °C primer annealing/extension step. This will amplify a 500 bp product at least 105-fold in 25 cycles, taking about 2.3 minutes per cycle. DNA ...
... protocol and GeneAmp® PCR Reagents, amplification of the Lambda control target DNA is guaranteed with a 15-second, 94 °C denaturation step and a 1minute, 68 °C primer annealing/extension step. This will amplify a 500 bp product at least 105-fold in 25 cycles, taking about 2.3 minutes per cycle. DNA ...
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty
... large scale. Also adaptable to assay non-coding RNA expression differences e.g. miRNAs ...
... large scale. Also adaptable to assay non-coding RNA expression differences e.g. miRNAs ...
Alpha and beta subunits of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1
... recognisable mitochondrion, but recently have been shown to have evolved from fungi and to possess heat shock protein genes derived from mitochondria. These findings make it clear that microsporidian ancestors were mitochondrial, yet it remains unknown whether they still contain the organelle, and i ...
... recognisable mitochondrion, but recently have been shown to have evolved from fungi and to possess heat shock protein genes derived from mitochondria. These findings make it clear that microsporidian ancestors were mitochondrial, yet it remains unknown whether they still contain the organelle, and i ...
Histone Deacetylase 4 Antibody
... members, HDAC-1, 2, 3, and 8, each of which contains a deacetylase domain exhibiting from 45 to 93% identity in amino acid sequence. Class II of the HDAC family comprises HDAC-4, 5, 6, and 7, the molecular weights of which are all about twofold larger than those of the class I members, and the deace ...
... members, HDAC-1, 2, 3, and 8, each of which contains a deacetylase domain exhibiting from 45 to 93% identity in amino acid sequence. Class II of the HDAC family comprises HDAC-4, 5, 6, and 7, the molecular weights of which are all about twofold larger than those of the class I members, and the deace ...
Quantitative iTRAQ Proteomics Revealed Possible Roles for
... distribution (Castagliola, 1998). The threshold of significance corresponding to the 95% confidence interval was estimated from identically distributed theoretical data sets generated by the Easyfit software. These were found to closely approximate the (±) 2σ convention for normally distributed data ...
... distribution (Castagliola, 1998). The threshold of significance corresponding to the 95% confidence interval was estimated from identically distributed theoretical data sets generated by the Easyfit software. These were found to closely approximate the (±) 2σ convention for normally distributed data ...
Functional Significance of the Alternative Transcript Processing of
... by-products). Alternatively, because transcripts and potentially encode protein isoforms containing partial or complete RNA binding domains, respectively, but that lack the WW protein-interaction domain, they might function antagonistically with the functional isoform by competing for binding ...
... by-products). Alternatively, because transcripts and potentially encode protein isoforms containing partial or complete RNA binding domains, respectively, but that lack the WW protein-interaction domain, they might function antagonistically with the functional isoform by competing for binding ...
Biology - Kenyon College
... pathways: (i) acetate kinase (AckA) and acetyl phosphotransferase (Pta), which rapidly convert acetyl-CoA via acetyl-phosphate to acetate as an overflow pathway and also convert exogenous acetate back to acetyl-CoA (21, 56), and (ii) acetylCoA synthetase (Acs), a high-affinity, low-capacity uptake p ...
... pathways: (i) acetate kinase (AckA) and acetyl phosphotransferase (Pta), which rapidly convert acetyl-CoA via acetyl-phosphate to acetate as an overflow pathway and also convert exogenous acetate back to acetyl-CoA (21, 56), and (ii) acetylCoA synthetase (Acs), a high-affinity, low-capacity uptake p ...
Characterization of the unique intron
... sequence added to the 5' end of all Euglena mRNAs by transsplicing (13), and two nested 3' primers (Conl and Con2, Fig. 2) corresponding to a highly conserved sequence in the C-terminal region of Euglena LHCPII (4). The NLH1 sequence was completely homologous to the corresponding sequence of GC7, su ...
... sequence added to the 5' end of all Euglena mRNAs by transsplicing (13), and two nested 3' primers (Conl and Con2, Fig. 2) corresponding to a highly conserved sequence in the C-terminal region of Euglena LHCPII (4). The NLH1 sequence was completely homologous to the corresponding sequence of GC7, su ...
Translocation of proteins across the cell envelope of Gram
... in substrate speci¢city of the Gram-positive signal peptidases. Type II signal peptides largely resemble the type I signal peptides, but contain within the C-region a socalled lipoprotein box with a Leu-Ala-Gly-Cys consensus sequence. In the cytosolic membrane, the cysteine in this sequence is coval ...
... in substrate speci¢city of the Gram-positive signal peptidases. Type II signal peptides largely resemble the type I signal peptides, but contain within the C-region a socalled lipoprotein box with a Leu-Ala-Gly-Cys consensus sequence. In the cytosolic membrane, the cysteine in this sequence is coval ...
Reducing Rice Seed Storage Protein Accumulation Leads to
... Pro-less transformants (Fig. 2). Since RM9 and RM1 that share a higher homology to RP10 than RM4 were not suppressed, down-regulation of RM4 was suggested to be a side effect of RP10 suppression. RM9 transcript levels slightly decreased in 13kD Pro-less seeds, consistent with the relatively low simi ...
... Pro-less transformants (Fig. 2). Since RM9 and RM1 that share a higher homology to RP10 than RM4 were not suppressed, down-regulation of RM4 was suggested to be a side effect of RP10 suppression. RM9 transcript levels slightly decreased in 13kD Pro-less seeds, consistent with the relatively low simi ...
Capabilities and limitations of gel electrophoresis for elemental
... Native gel electrophoresis is a widely used technique, in which the tertiary structure of the proteins is preserved. Hence, it is often applied if an enzyme has to retain its activity after separation. This is why it is a possible separation technique for metal–protein complexes, which would be dist ...
... Native gel electrophoresis is a widely used technique, in which the tertiary structure of the proteins is preserved. Hence, it is often applied if an enzyme has to retain its activity after separation. This is why it is a possible separation technique for metal–protein complexes, which would be dist ...
Relationship between expression of serendipity and
... we examine the expression and functional properties of the D. pseudoobscura gene introduced into D. melanogaster. Together with a comparison of the expression of sry and the other recently described cellularisation gene nullo, (Simpson-Rose and Wieschaus, 1992), this evolutionary comparison reveals ...
... we examine the expression and functional properties of the D. pseudoobscura gene introduced into D. melanogaster. Together with a comparison of the expression of sry and the other recently described cellularisation gene nullo, (Simpson-Rose and Wieschaus, 1992), this evolutionary comparison reveals ...
Lack of homology between two haloacetate dehalogenase genes
... The diversity of the dehalogenases may result from selection for micro-organismsable to degrade a variety of novel halogenated compounds. Enzyme evolution may be initiated by tandem duplication of a gene, followed by the accumulation of multiple mutations on either gene copy, which results in the cr ...
... The diversity of the dehalogenases may result from selection for micro-organismsable to degrade a variety of novel halogenated compounds. Enzyme evolution may be initiated by tandem duplication of a gene, followed by the accumulation of multiple mutations on either gene copy, which results in the cr ...
Chromosomal rearrangements and protein globularity changes in
... PPE53 and PPE24) were found in at least four of the strains. The variants in eight of these genes led to amino acid changes but only two altered genes have known functions: PE_PGRS19, a putative outer membrane protein (Song et al., 2008) and embR which is involved in transcription, the biosynthesis ...
... PPE53 and PPE24) were found in at least four of the strains. The variants in eight of these genes led to amino acid changes but only two altered genes have known functions: PE_PGRS19, a putative outer membrane protein (Song et al., 2008) and embR which is involved in transcription, the biosynthesis ...
results and discussion discussion
... starvation induced protein (GsiB) of Bacillus subtilis, which is a hydrophilic protein of 123 amino acids and is composed almost entirely of five repeating motifs (Stacy and Aalen, 1998). Sequence analysis of GspM by radar repeat finder revealed that it was not formed of perfect repeats similar to G ...
... starvation induced protein (GsiB) of Bacillus subtilis, which is a hydrophilic protein of 123 amino acids and is composed almost entirely of five repeating motifs (Stacy and Aalen, 1998). Sequence analysis of GspM by radar repeat finder revealed that it was not formed of perfect repeats similar to G ...
Molecular Physiological Analysis of the Two Plastidic ATP/ADP
... For reliable northern-blot analysis of isoformspecific mRNA accumulation it is required to use gene-specific probes. We generated probes specific for either AtNTT1- or AtNTT2 mRNA by using corresponding 3#-untranslated cDNA fragments (Fig. 1A). Although there is some minor cross hybridization, the p ...
... For reliable northern-blot analysis of isoformspecific mRNA accumulation it is required to use gene-specific probes. We generated probes specific for either AtNTT1- or AtNTT2 mRNA by using corresponding 3#-untranslated cDNA fragments (Fig. 1A). Although there is some minor cross hybridization, the p ...
PhoB by Phosphate Stress and Controlled by
... activities leading to the synthesis of their substrates, can influence the acetyl phosphate pool size. Factors thus far shown to influence the intracellular concentration of acetyl phosphate include the growth phase, carbon source, and temperature (30, 38, 56). Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is a su ...
... activities leading to the synthesis of their substrates, can influence the acetyl phosphate pool size. Factors thus far shown to influence the intracellular concentration of acetyl phosphate include the growth phase, carbon source, and temperature (30, 38, 56). Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is a su ...
Protein structure
... chemical reactions in the laboratory. In contrast, synthetic (anabolic) and degradative (catabolic) processes, along with the host of specific, high-affinity interactions necessary for life, must occur in a largely aqueous environment and within a rather narrow range of temperatures. To a great exte ...
... chemical reactions in the laboratory. In contrast, synthetic (anabolic) and degradative (catabolic) processes, along with the host of specific, high-affinity interactions necessary for life, must occur in a largely aqueous environment and within a rather narrow range of temperatures. To a great exte ...
Quantitative Proteomics of Transporter Expression in Brain Capillary
... absence of Bcrp in the Bcrp1(⫺/⫺) mice did not significantly influence the brain distribution of drugs that were shown to be good Bcrp substrates in vitro (Kodaira et al., 2010; Agarwal et al., 2011b). These findings have led to several questions about the predictive validity of the transgenic mouse ...
... absence of Bcrp in the Bcrp1(⫺/⫺) mice did not significantly influence the brain distribution of drugs that were shown to be good Bcrp substrates in vitro (Kodaira et al., 2010; Agarwal et al., 2011b). These findings have led to several questions about the predictive validity of the transgenic mouse ...
Article, Discoveries Variation in mutational robustness between
... (Schenk et al. 2012). The fitness increases for the mutations in araC and araE were relatively small (s ¼ 0.0061–0.019) and would not have been detected using less sensitive fitness assays, but as most mutations are expected from theory to have small effects (Fisher 1930) this again highlights the i ...
... (Schenk et al. 2012). The fitness increases for the mutations in araC and araE were relatively small (s ¼ 0.0061–0.019) and would not have been detected using less sensitive fitness assays, but as most mutations are expected from theory to have small effects (Fisher 1930) this again highlights the i ...
Identification, cloning and sequence determination of genes specifying hexokinase A and B from yeast.
... Identification of the cloned genes with bexokinases A and B was done by the method described by Gancedo et al. (10), which uses hydroxyapatite chromatography to separate the two isozymes. The two hexokinase isozymes can be further distinguished by the ratio of activity with fructose and glucose as s ...
... Identification of the cloned genes with bexokinases A and B was done by the method described by Gancedo et al. (10), which uses hydroxyapatite chromatography to separate the two isozymes. The two hexokinase isozymes can be further distinguished by the ratio of activity with fructose and glucose as s ...
Gene7-07
... 7.6 Accuracy depends on proofreading Figure 7.16 When a synthetase binds the incorrect amino acid, proofreading requires binding of the cognate tRNA. It may take place either by a conformation change that causes hydrolysis of the ...
... 7.6 Accuracy depends on proofreading Figure 7.16 When a synthetase binds the incorrect amino acid, proofreading requires binding of the cognate tRNA. It may take place either by a conformation change that causes hydrolysis of the ...
Title Optimization of Amino Acid Parameters for Correspondence of
... from the Ca coordinatesby picking up C„, successivelygreater than 0.6 for more than ten residues. Then these selected segments shown in Table IV are superposed with. each other, so that all these corresponding segments have the good structure correspondences with r.m.s. deviation, 1.42A, on average. ...
... from the Ca coordinatesby picking up C„, successivelygreater than 0.6 for more than ten residues. Then these selected segments shown in Table IV are superposed with. each other, so that all these corresponding segments have the good structure correspondences with r.m.s. deviation, 1.42A, on average. ...
Thermostable glycerol kinase from a
... resultant 1.5-kb DNA fragment was digested with NcoI and BamHI and cloned into the NcoI–BamHI site of plasmid pET8c to create plasmid pET-pkgk. An overproducing strain for Pk-GK was constructed by transforming E.coli BL21(DE3) with this plasmid. For the overproduction of Pk-GK, an E.coli BL21(DE3) t ...
... resultant 1.5-kb DNA fragment was digested with NcoI and BamHI and cloned into the NcoI–BamHI site of plasmid pET8c to create plasmid pET-pkgk. An overproducing strain for Pk-GK was constructed by transforming E.coli BL21(DE3) with this plasmid. For the overproduction of Pk-GK, an E.coli BL21(DE3) t ...
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes, the product is a functional RNA.The process of gene expression is used by all known life - eukaryotes (including multicellular organisms), prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and utilized by viruses - to generate the macromolecular machinery for life.Several steps in the gene expression process may be modulated, including the transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein. Gene regulation gives the cell control over structure and function, and is the basis for cellular differentiation, morphogenesis and the versatility and adaptability of any organism. Gene regulation may also serve as a substrate for evolutionary change, since control of the timing, location, and amount of gene expression can have a profound effect on the functions (actions) of the gene in a cell or in a multicellular organism.In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype, i.e. observable trait. The genetic code stored in DNA is ""interpreted"" by gene expression, and the properties of the expression give rise to the organism's phenotype. Such phenotypes are often expressed by the synthesis of proteins that control the organism's shape, or that act as enzymes catalysing specific metabolic pathways characterising the organism.