• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Chapter 4 - De Anza College
Chapter 4 - De Anza College

... Variation within a Population: Population Genetics and Natural Selection ...
The Six Main Points of Darwin`s Theory of Evolution
The Six Main Points of Darwin`s Theory of Evolution

... “All living species are descendants of ancestral species and are different from present day ones due to the cumulative change in the genetic composition of a population” – Sooo in a nutshell, populations of living things look and behave differently because over time, their DNA has changed… but how? ...
BIO152 Natural Selection 1 Lecture outline
BIO152 Natural Selection 1 Lecture outline

... • Differential reproductive success-yes, huge die back, only birds with larger beaks survived ...
Artificial Selection
Artificial Selection

... • Artificial Selection – ___________________________________ certain traits in order to produce offspring having those traits; selective breeding. – Darwin believed that if humans can “___________________” species than over time nature can “___________________” species. Natural Selection • _________ ...
Chapter 15
Chapter 15

... d. there is heritable variation among members of the population. ...
Evolution - Orting School District
Evolution - Orting School District

... Natural Selection • Is a process and can be divided into five steps – Genetic variation--all populations have genetic diversity that gives them individual combinations of traits – Overpopulation—all populations compete for limited resources due to over reproduction – Environmental change—all enviro ...
Evolution Summative Assessment DO NOT WRITE ON TEST
Evolution Summative Assessment DO NOT WRITE ON TEST

... Industrial melanism describes the change in moth color from pale to dark after pollution from factories resulting in coating tree trunks with a layer of dark soot. Which statement is true concerning industrial melanism? ...
natural selection - Northern Highlands
natural selection - Northern Highlands

... • Left unchecked, the number of organisms of each species will increase exponentially, generation to generation • In nature, populations tend to remain stable in size • Environmental resources are limited • CONCLUSION: Production of more individuals than can be supported by the environment leads to ...
Population Genetics
Population Genetics

... • But not the mechanism (natural selection) – Scientists did not understand Darwin’s mechanism because there was no understanding of genetics ...
Evolution
Evolution

... of ocean organisms. 2. Genetic ______________ - change that occurs due to _____________- ________________________ (wipe out entire gene pools), _______________________ (caribou, monarch butterfly), “_________” (Elephant seals); has a greater effect on small populations. 3. __________________________ ...
mechanisms for evolution - Fall River Public Schools
mechanisms for evolution - Fall River Public Schools

... • We now know that variation comes from genetics; no variation  extinction • Population genetics: study of evolution from genetic point of view ...
Unit Thirteen Change Over Time
Unit Thirteen Change Over Time

... How do organisms evolve so much they make a new species? • Definition of a species: similar organisms that can reproduce to create fertile offspring ...
ď - Sites
ď - Sites

...  Two groups are in different environments  Groups begin to show different traits as a result of natural selection; this is called ...
Natural Selection
Natural Selection

... – organisms must obtain food and resources and avoid predators.  Acquire mates – coloring, sounds, size, strength, etc.  Parental Care – natural selection favors organisms that help offspring survive. ...
Evolution Test
Evolution Test

... 20. A change in an organism over time 21. A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area 22. The number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool 23. The process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully 24. Organs ...
Evolution and Classification Homework Evolution: Theory Due
Evolution and Classification Homework Evolution: Theory Due

... 2. Lamarck hypothesized that acquired traits were passed on to offspring. a. What is an acquired trait? b. Why is Lamarck’s hypothesis easily disproved? 3. Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace independently proposed that species were modified by natural selection. What is natural selection? 4. Darwin c ...
Evolution Review Questions Name: :______ One of the most
Evolution Review Questions Name: :______ One of the most

... According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, individuals that tend to survive have what? a. adaptations best suited to environmental conditions b. characteristics their parents acquired by use and disuse c. characteristics that plant and animal breeders value d. the greatest number of offsprin ...
Species Change Over Time
Species Change Over Time

... • Depending on the food source and environment, different birds survived and changed to best fit each island ...
Surprising truths about Charles Darwin
Surprising truths about Charles Darwin

... Thought of natural selection independently  Wrote to Darwin  Darwin had been working on book  Published a “letter” jointly  It was Darwin who put in the hard yards collecting and documenting evidence to support theory ...
Darwin
Darwin

... as “___________________________________.” “If and organism is born with traits that help it survive or attract mates, it will likely produce more offspring than rivals without those traits. Eventually, beneficial traits can spread throughout a species.” Directions: NEXT, Click on the “Glossary” to c ...
bioevolutiontest
bioevolutiontest

... 5. What is meant when a population is said to be in “equilibrium” according to Hardy-Weinburg? There are 5 components: a. b. c. d. e. 6. The isolation of species can lead to evolution. Explain each of the 4 types of isolation with an example of each: a. Reproductive b. Behavioral c. Geographic d. Te ...
evolution - Christian News Network
evolution - Christian News Network

... – Natural Selection: Process in which individuals that have inherited beneficial traits produce more offspring than do other individuals ...
evolution_natural_selection_2011
evolution_natural_selection_2011

... (a)Lethal: the mutated organism dies and the harmful characteristics are not passed on to the next generation (b) Neutral: has no effect on the structure and functioning of the organism (c) Fixed: advantageous/sometimes the advantageous mutation wipes out all the other alleles controlling the same c ...
CHAPTER 22 GUIDED NOTES: THE EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
CHAPTER 22 GUIDED NOTES: THE EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION

... A. small population size B. bottleneck effects when the population size is greatly reduced, then recovers C. founder effects when a small number of individuals are isolated and reproduce to form a new sub-population D. movement of individuals from one isolated population to another E. genetic isolat ...
Decision One:
Decision One:

... Unit Essential Question(s): ...
< 1 ... 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 ... 134 >

Inclusive fitness

In evolutionary biology inclusive fitness theory is a model for the evolution of social behaviors (traits), first set forward by W. D. Hamilton in 1963 and 1964. Instead of a trait's frequency increase being thought of only via its average effects on an organism's direct reproduction, Hamilton argued that its average effects on indirect reproduction, via identical copies of the trait in other individuals, also need to be taken into account. Hamilton's theory, alongside reciprocal altruism, is considered one of the two primary mechanisms for the evolution of social behaviors in natural species.From the gene's point of view, evolutionary success ultimately depends on leaving behind the maximum number of copies of itself in the population. Until 1964, it was generally believed that genes only achieved this by causing the individual to leave the maximum number of viable direct offspring. However, in 1964 W. D. Hamilton showed mathematically that, because other members of a population may share identical genes, a gene can also increase its evolutionary success by indirectly promoting the reproduction and survival of such individuals. The most obvious category of such individuals is close genetic relatives, and where these are concerned, the application of inclusive fitness theory is often more straightforwardly treated via the narrower kin selection theory.Belding's ground squirrel provides an example. The ground squirrel gives an alarm call to warn its local group of the presence of a predator. By emitting the alarm, it gives its own location away, putting itself in more danger. In the process, however, the squirrel may protect its relatives within the local group (along with the rest of the group). Therefore, if the effect of the trait influencing the alarm call typically protects the other squirrels in the immediate area, it will lead to the passing on of more of copies of the alarm call trait in the next generation than the squirrel could leave by reproducing on its own. In such a case natural selection will increase the trait that influences giving the alarm call, provided that a sufficient fraction of the shared genes include the gene(s) predisposing to the alarm call.Synalpheus regalis, a eusocial shrimp, also is an example of an organism whose social traits meet the inclusive fitness criterion. The larger defenders protect the young juveniles in the colony from outsiders. By ensuring the young's survival, the genes will continue to be passed on to future generations.Inclusive fitness is more generalized than strict kin selection, which requires that the shared genes are identical by descent. Inclusive fitness is not limited to cases where ""kin"" ('close genetic relatives') are involved.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report