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LECTURE 1: Evolution Theories
LECTURE 1: Evolution Theories

... Natural Selection. o Darwin’s book drew a cohesive picture of life by connecting what had once seemed a bewildering array of unrelated facts. o Darwin made two points in The Origin of Species:  Today’s organisms descended from ancestral species.  Natural selection provided a mechanism for evolutio ...
VOCAB PRACTICE QUIZ # 10 (part 1) 2016
VOCAB PRACTICE QUIZ # 10 (part 1) 2016

... 2) ______ This happens when variations that are passed on through generations will accumulate and the result is an ENTIRELY different organism. 3) ______ Alfred Russel Wallace, Herbert Spencer, Charles Darwin 4) ______ Naturally occurring differences in traits 5) ______ The process of change over ti ...
01 - Fort Bend ISD
01 - Fort Bend ISD

... d. He had noticed that humans could breed for certain characteristics in animals. 2. Why must selected traits be heritable? a. If a selected trait is not heritable, it cannot be passed down to the next generation. b. Heritable traits are those traits that farmers and breeders consider worth passing ...
Summary of Darwin`s theory
Summary of Darwin`s theory

... Every species is fertile enough that if all offspring survived to reproduce the population would grow (fact). Despite periodic fluctuations, populations remain roughly the same size (fact). Resources such as food are limited and are relatively stable over time (fact). A struggle for survival ensues ...
practice questions
practice questions

... writings of Wallace. d. agreeing with Lamarck about the driving force behind evolution. 4. One scientist who attempted to explain how rock layers form and change over time was a. Thomas Malthus. b. James Hutton. c. Charles Darwin. d. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. 5. Lamarck proposed that organisms a. have ...
Name - SMIC Biology
Name - SMIC Biology

...  Hutton and Lyell argued that Earth is millions of years old and continues to change today. What did Darwin conclude based on Hutton and Lyell’s theory? ...
Evolution Chapters 22-24
Evolution Chapters 22-24

... 8. All species reproduce higher than resources can support. It leads to competition for resources. 9. Individuals with heritable traits favoring survival reproduce more. Individuals without favorable variation survive less and reproduce less. It results in adaptation and can lead to speciation. For ...
Ch 15 PPT
Ch 15 PPT

... Natural Selection • There is variation in traits. • There is differential reproduction. • There is heredity. • One trait tends to become more common. ...
Evolution
Evolution

... • Variation in traits; Some traits give individuals an advantage - make them better competitors. ...
013368718X_CH16_247
013368718X_CH16_247

... In the book, Darwin describes and provides evidence for his explanation of how evolution occurs. He called this process natural selection because of its similarities to artificial selection. Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection can be summed up as follows: More offspring are produced th ...
Principles of Evolution
Principles of Evolution

... • Descent with Modification – Darwin’s term for evolution –organisms share a common ancestor but descendants change over time ...
Natural Selection
Natural Selection

... meeting of the Linnean Society of London. It was here, finally, that the theory of evolution by means of natural selection was unveiled to the world. ...
Evolution DA Study Guide
Evolution DA Study Guide

... What do mutations in DNA have to do with evolution? Mutation is a random change/mistake in the genetic code (DNA). A mutation could change the gene enough to lead to a different trait that could be passed on to offspring. ...
Evolution
Evolution

...  Individuals in a species show a wide range of variation (due to differences in genes (alleles))  Individuals with characteristics most suited to the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce  The genes that allowed the individuals to be successful are passed to the offspring in the ne ...
Evolution Test
Evolution Test

... d. number of eggs in each bird’s nest. 3. The number and location of bones of many fossil vertebrates are similar to those in living vertebrates. Most biologists would probably explain this fact on the basis of a. the needs of the organisms. c. the struggle for existence. b. a common ancestor. d. th ...
Unit One Review KEY - Mr. Lesiuk
Unit One Review KEY - Mr. Lesiuk

... 39. Charles Lyell demonstrated that the Earth is much older than many people thought and that the Earth changes over time. - Thomas Malthus stated that offspring are being produced at a much higher rate than the normal death rate due to old age. But populations do not grow exponentially, but rather, ...
Evolution - flickbio
Evolution - flickbio

...  Darwin wondered why there were so many different species of finches on the Galapagos Islands. He proposed the concept of natural selection.  Natural Selection - the best adapted individuals in a population survive and reproduce offspring that are also well adapted  The least adapted produce fewe ...
Evolution teacher notes PreAP 13-14
Evolution teacher notes PreAP 13-14

... Ex: light brown and black pocket mice after volcanic eruption in New Mexico ...
File
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... - the driving mechanism of evolution - caused by environmental selection of organisms most fit to reproduce, resulting in adaptation. Wallace was not given credit for the theory because Darwin published first; however, there is a geographical area named for him called the "Wallace Line" which separa ...
evolution - Fulton County Schools
evolution - Fulton County Schools

... species evolves into an array of species to fit diverse habitats. This is a type of divergent evolution ...
Unit Nine: mechanisms of evolution and evolutionary relatedness
Unit Nine: mechanisms of evolution and evolutionary relatedness

... 1. Describe Lamarck’s explanation of how adaptations evolve and evaluate his explanation in light of our current understanding of genetics 2. Explain what Darwin meant by “descent with modification” 3. Describe the key ideas of Darwin’s theory of natural selection 4. Using the peppered moth, Explain ...
Chapter 22 Descent With Modification 1. Compare the idea of the
Chapter 22 Descent With Modification 1. Compare the idea of the

... 5. Discuss the findings Charles Darwin presented in On the Origin of Species including the concepts of random variation, number of offspring produced vs resources, survival of the fittest, reproductive fitness, and descent with modification 6. List some of the species in the Galapagos islands that D ...
Chapter 15 Questions – unless otherwise indicated, answer the
Chapter 15 Questions – unless otherwise indicated, answer the

... 2. Give a real-life example of why Lamarck’s theory of evolution was rejected. 3. Explain how a particular population relates to each of the four parts of evolution by natural selection. 4. Explain why some biologists say that “fitness is measured in grandchildren.” 5. Suppose that an individual has ...
Name_____________________________ Date
Name_____________________________ Date

... For example, some newly hatched turtles are able to swim faster than others. Selection ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________. Those individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce. When those individuals reproduce, their of ...
Evolution brain mapping review for test (aka “big ideas”) With your
Evolution brain mapping review for test (aka “big ideas”) With your

... With your team, you will be taking the following ideas and creating a concept map (using post-it notes) to link the ideas together in a way that makes sense for you and your team mates. Link each concept to others using toothpicks. You may use each term/idea more than once. Simply make more than one ...
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Inclusive fitness

In evolutionary biology inclusive fitness theory is a model for the evolution of social behaviors (traits), first set forward by W. D. Hamilton in 1963 and 1964. Instead of a trait's frequency increase being thought of only via its average effects on an organism's direct reproduction, Hamilton argued that its average effects on indirect reproduction, via identical copies of the trait in other individuals, also need to be taken into account. Hamilton's theory, alongside reciprocal altruism, is considered one of the two primary mechanisms for the evolution of social behaviors in natural species.From the gene's point of view, evolutionary success ultimately depends on leaving behind the maximum number of copies of itself in the population. Until 1964, it was generally believed that genes only achieved this by causing the individual to leave the maximum number of viable direct offspring. However, in 1964 W. D. Hamilton showed mathematically that, because other members of a population may share identical genes, a gene can also increase its evolutionary success by indirectly promoting the reproduction and survival of such individuals. The most obvious category of such individuals is close genetic relatives, and where these are concerned, the application of inclusive fitness theory is often more straightforwardly treated via the narrower kin selection theory.Belding's ground squirrel provides an example. The ground squirrel gives an alarm call to warn its local group of the presence of a predator. By emitting the alarm, it gives its own location away, putting itself in more danger. In the process, however, the squirrel may protect its relatives within the local group (along with the rest of the group). Therefore, if the effect of the trait influencing the alarm call typically protects the other squirrels in the immediate area, it will lead to the passing on of more of copies of the alarm call trait in the next generation than the squirrel could leave by reproducing on its own. In such a case natural selection will increase the trait that influences giving the alarm call, provided that a sufficient fraction of the shared genes include the gene(s) predisposing to the alarm call.Synalpheus regalis, a eusocial shrimp, also is an example of an organism whose social traits meet the inclusive fitness criterion. The larger defenders protect the young juveniles in the colony from outsiders. By ensuring the young's survival, the genes will continue to be passed on to future generations.Inclusive fitness is more generalized than strict kin selection, which requires that the shared genes are identical by descent. Inclusive fitness is not limited to cases where ""kin"" ('close genetic relatives') are involved.
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