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natural selection
natural selection

... evolution of living things. House sparrows arrived in North America from Europe in the nineteenth century. Since then, genetic variation within the population, and selection in various habitats, have allowed them to inhabit most of the continent. House sparrows in the north are larger and darker col ...
Evolution Test
Evolution Test

... survives, reproduces, and passes the favorable phenotype to the next generation. Organisms without the favorable phenotype are less likely to survive and reproduce A. Directional Selection B. Natural Selection C. Disruptive Selection D. Structural Adaptation 10. A population in which the frequency o ...
Glossary - DynaTrait
Glossary - DynaTrait

... Adaptation (for an evolutionary biologist): Non-random alteration of the gene frequency of a reproducing unit towards genotypes with a higher genetic fitness. Natural selection leads to adaptation. Clones: Without recombination demographically independently evolving lineages. If there is occasionall ...
On the Origin of Species
On the Origin of Species

... same species in a given area whose members can breed with one another  Gene Pool-When organism share a common group of genes  Relative Frequency-The number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool compared to the # of times other alleles for the same gene occur ...
Test 10 Review Sheet
Test 10 Review Sheet

... This test will cover material from chapters 22, 23, 24, and a bit of 25 in the textbook. As usual it will include multiple choice questions and one essay; there may be a short-answer Hardy-Weinberg question as well. Content – you should be able to define and explain all terms and ideas shown here. Y ...
Evolution and Natural Selection
Evolution and Natural Selection

... Overproduction-plants and animals will more offspring than can possibly survive Variation-within a species there will be natural differences that are passed on through mutations Adaptation-inheritance of traits that give an organism an advantage in a particular environment Selection –adaptations all ...
Genes and Their Evolution: Population Genetics
Genes and Their Evolution: Population Genetics

... species who share a geographic area and usually mate within the group  The total genetic variation of that population is the ...
Basics of Natural Selection
Basics of Natural Selection

... 3.) Change is gradual and slow, taking place over a long period of time. 4.) The mechanism of evolutionary change is Natural Selection. ...
Evolution
Evolution

... Selection • Natural Selection- process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species. “Survival of the Fittest” • Artificial Selection- humans decide which traits in a species are desirable and breed ...
Descent With Modification
Descent With Modification

... • Characteristics of organisms that increase fitness. • These can be inherited! • Classic example  Finches ...
Darwinism
Darwinism

... Popular belief in Darwin’s day (and today) that change is “upward” to perfection, complexity, “best.” “Higher in the scale of nature.” Even many scientists thought of evolution as goal-directed, following linear path, not by random mutations and selection, but instead inheritance of acquired charact ...
evolution COB questions
evolution COB questions

... 1. was not a lot of oxygen in the atmosphere of early earth because most of the oxygen we have now comes from photosynthesis and photosynthetic organisms did not appear until later / oxygen came from photosynthetic organisms (cyanobacteria) when they split water 2. Miller-Urey experiment: simulation ...
1. Which statement does not reflect Darwin`s theory of evolution by
1. Which statement does not reflect Darwin`s theory of evolution by

... b. remnants of structures that were useful to an organism's ancestors c. one piece of evidence that does not support the theory of evolution d. examples of anatomical imperfections such as the human knee e. homologies that can only be observed in embryos 17. An earthquake hits a small island. All bu ...
Natural Selection - Hicksville Public Schools
Natural Selection - Hicksville Public Schools

... • If all the members of a species were the same then an environmental change could wipe out the entire species. • VARIATION increases the chance that some members of a species will survive. ...
f17 Divergent evolution and speciation
f17 Divergent evolution and speciation

... contributed by either parent, or both parents, to the zygote beginning of an offspring. Mutations per se are neutral. Momentary realities for an organism makes a mutation harmful or helpful, or leaves it neutral. The synthetic theory of evolution in place since 1950 has to do, not with the individua ...
Natural Selection - Hicksville Public Schools
Natural Selection - Hicksville Public Schools

... • If all the members of a species were the same then an environmental change could wipe out the entire species. • VARIATION increases the chance that some members of a species will survive. ...
The History of Life On Earth
The History of Life On Earth

... is the idea that most organisms produce more offspring than can possibly survive.  For example, a female salmon lays thousands of eggs, but only several dozen will survive to adulthood, and even fewer will reproduce. ...
Evolution_2016
Evolution_2016

... The Theory of Evolution (Some refer to it as “change over time”) ...
Chpt. 13- Evolution - TJ
Chpt. 13- Evolution - TJ

... a. p2  Expected frequency of homozygous dominant b. q2  Expected frequency of homozygous recessive c. 2pq  Expected frequency of heterozygous C. Conditions for the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium 1. If the population is not evolving (allele frequencies are not changing over generations) then these 5 c ...
Evolution of Populations
Evolution of Populations

... http://cosbiology.pbworks.com/w/p age/24299272/1302%20%E2%80%93%20Evolution %20as%20Genetic%20Change ...
Variation in species in nature
Variation in species in nature

... both were convinced that it was the primary mechanism by which evolution occurred ...
Natural Selection PowerPoint
Natural Selection PowerPoint

...  Ex: When a predator finds its prey, it is due to the prey’s physical characteristics, like color or slow speed, not the alleles (BB, Bb) ...
2. Evolution
2. Evolution

...  This is similar to ARTIFICIAL SELECTION (human breeding of plants and animals) but without human influence and taking a longer time ...
Evolution Reading Guide
Evolution Reading Guide

... Single-Gene and Polygenic Traits 26.What determines the number of phenotypes produced for a given trait? Show a graph of each: c) Single-gene trait b) polygenic trait: c) Genetic Equilibrium ...
Grade 11 University Biology – Unit 3 Evolution
Grade 11 University Biology – Unit 3 Evolution

... year or two of drought in which there are fewer plants. All the beetles have the same chances of survival and reproduction, but because of food restrictions, the beetles in the population are a little smaller than the preceding generation of beetles. The difference in weight is NOT evolution. It was ...
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Inclusive fitness

In evolutionary biology inclusive fitness theory is a model for the evolution of social behaviors (traits), first set forward by W. D. Hamilton in 1963 and 1964. Instead of a trait's frequency increase being thought of only via its average effects on an organism's direct reproduction, Hamilton argued that its average effects on indirect reproduction, via identical copies of the trait in other individuals, also need to be taken into account. Hamilton's theory, alongside reciprocal altruism, is considered one of the two primary mechanisms for the evolution of social behaviors in natural species.From the gene's point of view, evolutionary success ultimately depends on leaving behind the maximum number of copies of itself in the population. Until 1964, it was generally believed that genes only achieved this by causing the individual to leave the maximum number of viable direct offspring. However, in 1964 W. D. Hamilton showed mathematically that, because other members of a population may share identical genes, a gene can also increase its evolutionary success by indirectly promoting the reproduction and survival of such individuals. The most obvious category of such individuals is close genetic relatives, and where these are concerned, the application of inclusive fitness theory is often more straightforwardly treated via the narrower kin selection theory.Belding's ground squirrel provides an example. The ground squirrel gives an alarm call to warn its local group of the presence of a predator. By emitting the alarm, it gives its own location away, putting itself in more danger. In the process, however, the squirrel may protect its relatives within the local group (along with the rest of the group). Therefore, if the effect of the trait influencing the alarm call typically protects the other squirrels in the immediate area, it will lead to the passing on of more of copies of the alarm call trait in the next generation than the squirrel could leave by reproducing on its own. In such a case natural selection will increase the trait that influences giving the alarm call, provided that a sufficient fraction of the shared genes include the gene(s) predisposing to the alarm call.Synalpheus regalis, a eusocial shrimp, also is an example of an organism whose social traits meet the inclusive fitness criterion. The larger defenders protect the young juveniles in the colony from outsiders. By ensuring the young's survival, the genes will continue to be passed on to future generations.Inclusive fitness is more generalized than strict kin selection, which requires that the shared genes are identical by descent. Inclusive fitness is not limited to cases where ""kin"" ('close genetic relatives') are involved.
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