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Examples of Spontaneous Generation
Examples of Spontaneous Generation

... pesticide resistance in response to selection ...
2. Divergent Evolution
2. Divergent Evolution

... - among the first to explain how organisms change over time - later disproved ...
Evolution - The Burge
Evolution - The Burge

... Darwin’s handicap: He had no idea how the inheritable traits were passed from one generation to the next. Q. If Mendel was a contemporary of Darwin, why did Darwin not know of Mendel’s findings? Mendel's work remained unknown to most scientists until the early part of 20th century. Genetic and evolu ...
Surprising truths about Charles Darwin
Surprising truths about Charles Darwin

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Evolution
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... • Occurs whenever there are open niches. • Some individuals of a species expand into unfilled niches (roles) in the environment. • Thus, over LONG time periods through selective reproduction and genetic variation, the population may evolve ...
Biology Evolution Unit Review
Biology Evolution Unit Review

... 28)  Define  gene  flow.     Random  movement  of  individuals  between  populations,  or  migration,  that  increases   genetic  variation  within  a  population  and  reduces  differences  between  populations     ...
AP Bio Evolution Study Guide (Ch 22-25)
AP Bio Evolution Study Guide (Ch 22-25)

...  Adaptations (What are they? How are they involved in evolution? How do they come about in a species?)  Descent with Modification (modify preexisting structures)  Natural Selection (Interaction of individuals/traits with environment). Know some examples (e.g., finch beaks, moths)  Conditions nec ...
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The Genetic Basis of Development
The Genetic Basis of Development

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Honors Biology Lesson Plan (March 6—March 31) Content Literacy

...  Speciation and biological classification based on molecular evidence  Variation of organisms within a species due to population genetics and gene frequency  Describe adaptions animals and plants make to survive in their environment  Identify how plants and animals adapt to their environments  ...
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Who Wants To Live a Million Years Activity

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Darwin and Natural Selection
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Evolution Notes
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natural selection
natural selection

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... organisms into a constant “struggle for existence”, both against the environment and against each other. Plant stems grow tall in search of sunlight; plant roots go deep in the soil in search of water and nutrients. Animals compete for food and space in which to build nests and raise young. But who ...
Evolution PowerPoint
Evolution PowerPoint

... The Effect of Small Populations The Effect of Small Populations Genetic drift: a change in allele frequencies due  Genetic drift: a change in allele frequencies due to something other than natural selection Ex: Ashkenazi Jews the Amish the Holocaust Ex: Ashkenazi Jews, the Amish, the Holocaust ...
Evolution Class Notes
Evolution Class Notes

... is variation in organisms (which is heritable).  Organisms produce more offspring than can survive.  There is competition for limited resources.  Natural selection is always taking place.(Those that are most “fit” survive to reproduce, and those that are not, die.  Species living today are desce ...
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Evolution powerpoint

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Ch 22-24 only - Phillips Scientific Methods
Ch 22-24 only - Phillips Scientific Methods

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AP Biology Evolution Study Guide (THE TEST WILL BE
AP Biology Evolution Study Guide (THE TEST WILL BE

... Darwin's Theory There are four main tenets to Darwin's Theory: ...
Evolution Study Guide
Evolution Study Guide

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Evolution
Evolution

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Inclusive fitness

In evolutionary biology inclusive fitness theory is a model for the evolution of social behaviors (traits), first set forward by W. D. Hamilton in 1963 and 1964. Instead of a trait's frequency increase being thought of only via its average effects on an organism's direct reproduction, Hamilton argued that its average effects on indirect reproduction, via identical copies of the trait in other individuals, also need to be taken into account. Hamilton's theory, alongside reciprocal altruism, is considered one of the two primary mechanisms for the evolution of social behaviors in natural species.From the gene's point of view, evolutionary success ultimately depends on leaving behind the maximum number of copies of itself in the population. Until 1964, it was generally believed that genes only achieved this by causing the individual to leave the maximum number of viable direct offspring. However, in 1964 W. D. Hamilton showed mathematically that, because other members of a population may share identical genes, a gene can also increase its evolutionary success by indirectly promoting the reproduction and survival of such individuals. The most obvious category of such individuals is close genetic relatives, and where these are concerned, the application of inclusive fitness theory is often more straightforwardly treated via the narrower kin selection theory.Belding's ground squirrel provides an example. The ground squirrel gives an alarm call to warn its local group of the presence of a predator. By emitting the alarm, it gives its own location away, putting itself in more danger. In the process, however, the squirrel may protect its relatives within the local group (along with the rest of the group). Therefore, if the effect of the trait influencing the alarm call typically protects the other squirrels in the immediate area, it will lead to the passing on of more of copies of the alarm call trait in the next generation than the squirrel could leave by reproducing on its own. In such a case natural selection will increase the trait that influences giving the alarm call, provided that a sufficient fraction of the shared genes include the gene(s) predisposing to the alarm call.Synalpheus regalis, a eusocial shrimp, also is an example of an organism whose social traits meet the inclusive fitness criterion. The larger defenders protect the young juveniles in the colony from outsiders. By ensuring the young's survival, the genes will continue to be passed on to future generations.Inclusive fitness is more generalized than strict kin selection, which requires that the shared genes are identical by descent. Inclusive fitness is not limited to cases where ""kin"" ('close genetic relatives') are involved.
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