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Evolution Review
Name: _____________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE
_____ 1. Based on the adaptations Charles Darwin observed in finches and tortoises in the
Galápagos, he wondered
a. if species living on different islands had once been members of the same
species
b. if finches and tortoises had originated from the same ancestral species.
c. if all birds on the different islands were finches.
d. why all tortoises on the different islands were identical.
_____ 2. Lamarck’s ideas about evolution include the concept that differences among the
traits of organisms arise as a result of
a. continual increases in population size.
b. the actions of organisms as they use or fail to use body structures.
c. an unchanging local environment.
d. the natural variations already present within the population of organisms.
_____ 3. When a dairy farmer chooses to breed the cows that give the most milk in the herd,
the farmers are following the principle of
a. acquired characteristics.
c. artificial selection.
b. descent with modification.
d. natural selection.
_____
4. Each of the following is a condition necessary for natural selection to occur
EXCEPT
a. more offspring are born than can survive.
b. population size is very large.
c. fitness varies among individuals.
d. there is heritable variation among members of the population.
_____
5. Which statement about the members of a population that live long enough to
reproduce is consistent with the theory of evolution by natural selection?
a. They transmit characteristics acquired by use and disuse to their offspring.
b. They tend to produce fewer offspring than others in the population.
c. They are the ones that are best adapted to survive in their environment.
d. They will perpetuate unfavorable changes in the species.
_____ 6. Charles Darwin viewed the fossil record as
a. evidence that Earth was very young.
b. useful support for his theory.
c. interesting but unrelated to the evolution of modern species.
d. evidence that traits are acquired through use or disuse.
______ 7. Molecular evidence in support of natural selection includes
a. the nearly universal genetic code.
b. the presence of vestigial structures.
c. a tendency toward perfect, unchanging DNA in various species.
d. the transmission of acquired characteristics by DNA.
_____ 8. Which characteristic of Galápagos finches helped researchers show the results of
natural selection?
a. the color of their feathers
b. the length and shape of their wings
c. the size and shape of their beaks
d. the curve of their claws
Word bank for completion below.
Similar environments
Adaptations
Similar
Natural
Ancestors
Selection
Offspring
Resources
9. Biogeographers study where organisms live now and where they and their
lived in the past.
10. When individuals from a mainland bird population immigrate to various islands, natural
selection may result in
, but different, island species.
11. Distantly related organisms may be similar if they live in
.
12. Organisms that are most fit survive and produce _________________.
13. Variations that help an organism survive and reproduce are called _____________.
14. Organisms that are best adapted to their environment survive and reproduce (are most
fit). The process by which the environment determines fitness is called
__________________ _________________.
15. Darwin thought that organisms struggle for existence which means that they have access
to only limited ___________________ that help them survive..
Short answer.
16. What explains the size of the finch beaks on the Galápagos Islands?
17. What explains the existence of similar but unrelated species (think about our example of
the shark and the dolphin)?
18. Evidence for Evolution: Anatomical Evidence (For structure type use
Homologous, Analogous and Vestigial – use notes for examples)
Types of Anatomical Structures
Structure Type
Description
Example
Structures that are shared by related
species and that have been inherited
from a common ancestor
Body parts that share common function, but
not structure
Body parts in animals that are so reduced
in size that they are just vestiges, or traces,
of homologous structures in other species
19. Cytochrome C is a protein that is involved in cellular respiration in all eukaryotic
organisms. Human cytochrome C contains 104 amino acids. The following table
compares cytochrome C from a number of other organisms with human cytochrome C.
Answer the questions below based on the chart.
Organism
Chimpanzees
Chickens
Dogs
Rattlesnakes
Rhesus monkeys
Yeasts
Number of Cytochrome C amino acids
different from humans
0
18
13
20
1
56
a. Based on the information from the chart, which organism is most closely
related to humans and why?
b. Who is the most distantly related to humans and why?
20. Below are several examples of adaptations. Identify each type of adaptation as either
Structural, Physiological, or Behavioral (write S, P, or B on the line):
______(a) Wings of a bird.
______(b) Hibernation of bears.
______(c) Venom of a spider.
_____ (d) Snail shell.
_____ (e) Mockingbird flick fight.
_____ (f) Respiration rate of seals.
For Questions 21–25, match the structure with the correct type. A structure type may be
used
Anatomical Structure
21. bat wing and mouse arm
22. reptile foot and bird foot
23. dolphin fin and fish tail
24. eyes on a blind cave fish
25. snake tongue and dog nose
Structure Type
A. homologous structure
B. analogous structure
C. vestigial structure
26. Complete the organizer below
Evidence for
Evolution
includes