Citric acid cycle
... glucose NADH electron transport chain proton-motive force ATP • About 34% of the energy in a glucose molecule is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration, making about 32 ATP • There are several reasons why the number of ATP is not known exactly © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... glucose NADH electron transport chain proton-motive force ATP • About 34% of the energy in a glucose molecule is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration, making about 32 ATP • There are several reasons why the number of ATP is not known exactly © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
9강 - KOCW
... Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration • All use glycolysis (net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruv ...
... Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration • All use glycolysis (net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruv ...
Chapter 9
... NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce ...
... NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce ...
ppt file/carnitine
... Localization of steps one after each other: nucleus, lysosome, mitochondria, cytoplasm Requires: SAM (Met), Lys, ascorbate, PLP, NAD, enzymes a) Vitamin or enzyme deficiency leads to improper synthesis, but food carnitine is enough. b) Strict vegetarian people can not eat high amount, but absorp ...
... Localization of steps one after each other: nucleus, lysosome, mitochondria, cytoplasm Requires: SAM (Met), Lys, ascorbate, PLP, NAD, enzymes a) Vitamin or enzyme deficiency leads to improper synthesis, but food carnitine is enough. b) Strict vegetarian people can not eat high amount, but absorp ...
Chapter 9 - Slothnet
... Comparing Fermentation with Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration • All use glycolysis (net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an or ...
... Comparing Fermentation with Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration • All use glycolysis (net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an or ...
Cellular Respiration
... Cellular Respiration • The ingredients for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). – CO2 is obtained from the air by a plant’s leaves. – H2O is obtained from the damp soil by a plant’s roots. ...
... Cellular Respiration • The ingredients for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). – CO2 is obtained from the air by a plant’s leaves. – H2O is obtained from the damp soil by a plant’s roots. ...
Chapter 6 notes
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules • The citric acid cycle • is also called the Krebs cycle (after the GermanBritish researcher Hans Krebs, who worked out much of this pathway in the 1930s), • completes the oxidation of o ...
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules • The citric acid cycle • is also called the Krebs cycle (after the GermanBritish researcher Hans Krebs, who worked out much of this pathway in the 1930s), • completes the oxidation of o ...
09_Lecture_Presentation
... Comparing Fermentation with Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration • All use glycolysis (net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an or ...
... Comparing Fermentation with Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration • All use glycolysis (net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an or ...
electron transport chain
... Comparing Fermentation with Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration • All use glycolysis (net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an or ...
... Comparing Fermentation with Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration • All use glycolysis (net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an or ...
2 ATP - HCC Learning Web
... place within the mitochondrial matrix • The citric acid cycle has eight steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme • The acetyl group of acetyl CoA joins the cycle by combining with oxaloacetate, forming citrate • The next seven steps decompose the citrate back to oxaloacetate, making the process a ...
... place within the mitochondrial matrix • The citric acid cycle has eight steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme • The acetyl group of acetyl CoA joins the cycle by combining with oxaloacetate, forming citrate • The next seven steps decompose the citrate back to oxaloacetate, making the process a ...
Biochem19_Aerobic Respiration
... • Mitochondria have their own genetic information (DNA). • They make their own ribosomes that are very similar to those of bacteria. • The DNA and ribosomes allow the mitochondria to synthesize their own proteins. • Mitochondria are self-replicating. They grow in size and divide to produce new mitoc ...
... • Mitochondria have their own genetic information (DNA). • They make their own ribosomes that are very similar to those of bacteria. • The DNA and ribosomes allow the mitochondria to synthesize their own proteins. • Mitochondria are self-replicating. They grow in size and divide to produce new mitoc ...
B. Oral hypoglycemic drugs
... Effective as monotherapy or when used in conjunction with metformin or a ...
... Effective as monotherapy or when used in conjunction with metformin or a ...
28 - Weebly
... THE METABOLIC ROLE OF THE LIVER—Cholesterol Metabolism & Regulation of Blood Cholesterol Levels (pp. 943-944; Fig. 24.23) • Cholesterol is transported in the blood bound to lipoprotein complexes, which solubilize lipids and regulate entry and exit at specific target cells. • Lipoprotein complexes v ...
... THE METABOLIC ROLE OF THE LIVER—Cholesterol Metabolism & Regulation of Blood Cholesterol Levels (pp. 943-944; Fig. 24.23) • Cholesterol is transported in the blood bound to lipoprotein complexes, which solubilize lipids and regulate entry and exit at specific target cells. • Lipoprotein complexes v ...
PDF - Biotechnology for Biofuels
... production started after 5.5 h of fermentation, yielding a total of 2.90 ± 0.23 L of biogas after 15 h of fermentation (Additional file 1: Table S2). At pH 5.2, the glucose uptake rate was much lower (0.44 ± 0.03 g glucose/h) and biogas production had already started after 3.5 h of fermentation. Aft ...
... production started after 5.5 h of fermentation, yielding a total of 2.90 ± 0.23 L of biogas after 15 h of fermentation (Additional file 1: Table S2). At pH 5.2, the glucose uptake rate was much lower (0.44 ± 0.03 g glucose/h) and biogas production had already started after 3.5 h of fermentation. Aft ...
Mechanistic insights into pancreatic beta
... diet, GK+/- mice display decreased beta-cell replication and insufficient beta-cell hyperplasia. Islets from GK+/- mice are reportedly reduced in their expression of IRS-2 compared with high-fat fed wild-type mice [13]. These results suggest that GK is critical for beta-cell hyperplasia in response ...
... diet, GK+/- mice display decreased beta-cell replication and insufficient beta-cell hyperplasia. Islets from GK+/- mice are reportedly reduced in their expression of IRS-2 compared with high-fat fed wild-type mice [13]. These results suggest that GK is critical for beta-cell hyperplasia in response ...
KATABOLISME KARBOHIDRAT
... The cristae also contain an ATP synthase complex through which hydrogen ions flow down their gradient from the intermembrane space into the matrix. The flow of three H+ through an ATP synthase complex causes a conformational change, which causes the ATP synthase to synthesize ATP from ADP + P. ...
... The cristae also contain an ATP synthase complex through which hydrogen ions flow down their gradient from the intermembrane space into the matrix. The flow of three H+ through an ATP synthase complex causes a conformational change, which causes the ATP synthase to synthesize ATP from ADP + P. ...
... Since A→B requires energy the conversion of A→B must be thermodynamically unfavorable unless it is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP. Therefore the reverse reaction would be spontaneous and need not use the same enzyme. In addition, the coordinated regulation of the opposing pathways would require tw ...
Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose
... pyruvate back to glucose-6-phosphate and stores this glucose as glycogen. Any pyruvate formed by prolonged contraction is either converted to lactate and the lactate is released to the liver for gluconeogenesis or when the muscle is again well oxygenated it is converted to acetyl-CoA for the TCA cyc ...
... pyruvate back to glucose-6-phosphate and stores this glucose as glycogen. Any pyruvate formed by prolonged contraction is either converted to lactate and the lactate is released to the liver for gluconeogenesis or when the muscle is again well oxygenated it is converted to acetyl-CoA for the TCA cyc ...
Glycolysis
... - substrate level phosphorylationATP production by the direct transfer of phosphate from intermediate ___________________ ...
... - substrate level phosphorylationATP production by the direct transfer of phosphate from intermediate ___________________ ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... oxidation to form two molecules of pyruvic acid. In plants, this glucose is derived from sucrose, which is the end product of photosynthesis, or from storage carbohydrates. Sucrose is converted into glucose and fructose by the enzyme, invertase, and these two monosaccharides readily enter the glycol ...
... oxidation to form two molecules of pyruvic acid. In plants, this glucose is derived from sucrose, which is the end product of photosynthesis, or from storage carbohydrates. Sucrose is converted into glucose and fructose by the enzyme, invertase, and these two monosaccharides readily enter the glycol ...
Chapter 8: Energy generation:glycolysis
... incremental steps, transferring it to ATP molecules, can be described as a two-stage process (Fig. 8.2). The first stage is called glycolysis. Each six-carbon glucose molecule is broken down to two molecules of the three-carbon sugar called pyruvate. Glycolysis does not require oxygen and so can occ ...
... incremental steps, transferring it to ATP molecules, can be described as a two-stage process (Fig. 8.2). The first stage is called glycolysis. Each six-carbon glucose molecule is broken down to two molecules of the three-carbon sugar called pyruvate. Glycolysis does not require oxygen and so can occ ...
Macromolecule Virtual Lab
... peptide bond. What type of bond is formed when two carbohydrates bond together? _____________ d. Which of the following is a dissacharide? (fructose / glucose / sucrose) e.Which of the following is the stored form of a polysaccharide in humans in liver and muscle cells? (glucose/starch/glycogen) f. ...
... peptide bond. What type of bond is formed when two carbohydrates bond together? _____________ d. Which of the following is a dissacharide? (fructose / glucose / sucrose) e.Which of the following is the stored form of a polysaccharide in humans in liver and muscle cells? (glucose/starch/glycogen) f. ...
cellular respiration
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules • The citric acid cycle • is also called the Krebs cycle (after the GermanBritish researcher Hans Krebs, who worked out much of this pathway in the 1930s), • completes the oxidation of o ...
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules • The citric acid cycle • is also called the Krebs cycle (after the GermanBritish researcher Hans Krebs, who worked out much of this pathway in the 1930s), • completes the oxidation of o ...
adjusting the conditions inside when the outside conditions change
... 10. Where does this process occur in eukaryotic cells? ___________________ 11. Where does this process occur in prokaryotic cells? ___________________ 12. If oxygen is not present, either ____________________ or ______________ and ________ are made. Pg. 105 13. The main fuel for respiration is _____ ...
... 10. Where does this process occur in eukaryotic cells? ___________________ 11. Where does this process occur in prokaryotic cells? ___________________ 12. If oxygen is not present, either ____________________ or ______________ and ________ are made. Pg. 105 13. The main fuel for respiration is _____ ...
Glucose
Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6. The name ""glucose"" (/ˈɡluːkoʊs/) comes from the Greek word γλευκος, meaning ""sweet wine, must"". The suffix ""-ose"" is a chemical classifier, denoting a carbohydrate. It is also known as dextrose or grape sugar. With 6 carbon atoms, it is classed as a hexose, a sub-category of monosaccharides. α-D-glucose is one of the 16 aldose stereoisomers. The D-isomer (D-glucose) occurs widely in nature, but the L-isomer (L-glucose) does not. Glucose is made during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight. The reverse of the photosynthesis reaction, which releases this energy, is a very important source of power for cellular respiration. Glucose is stored as a polymer, in plants as starch and in animals as glycogen.